This dataset contains gridded daily surface reflectance and brightness temperatures derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensors onboard NOAA polar orbiting satellites. Surface reflectance from VIIRS channels I1, I2, and I3 (at 640, 865, and 1610 nm) are a NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR). The dataset spans from 2014 to 10 days before the present, and was processed from the VIIRS 375m and 750m Earth view Sensor Data Record (SDR) datasets. VIIRS surface reflectance observations are packaged into data arrays with latitude and longitude dimensions of 3600 x 7200 covering the globe at 0.05 degree spatial resolution. This dataset is one of the Land Surface CDR products produced by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (UMD). Other Land Surface CDR products include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR). The dataset is in the netCDF-4 file format following ACDD and CF Conventions. The dataset is accompanied by algorithm documentation, data flow diagram and source code for the NOAA CDR Program.

NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN-CDR), Version 1 Revision 1. Daily near global precipitation estimates at 0.25 deg resolution over 30-year record. [NOTE: v01r01 replaces v01r00] precipitation Dimensioned By time, longitude, latitude. _CoordSysBuilder=ucar.nc2.dataset.conv.CF1Convention cdm_data_type=Grid cdr_program=NOAA Climate Data Record Program cdr_variable=precipitation comment=Daily PERSIANN-CDR precipitation estimates for long-term data record. [NOTE: v01r01 replaces v01r00] contributor_name=Soroosh Sorooshian, Kuolin Hsu, Hamed Ashouri, Dan Braithwaite contributor_role=PrincipalInvestigator, Professor, Author, Author Conventions=CF-1.4 datetime=2024-09-29 Easternmost_Easting=359.875 geospatial_lat_max=59.875 geospatial_lat_min=-59.875 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.25 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=359.875 geospatial_lon_min=0.125 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.25 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=FMRC Best Dataset id=data/product/persiann_cdr/PERSIANN-CDR_v01r01_20240929_c20250409.nc infoUrl=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/catalog/ncFC/cdr/persiann-fc/catalog.html?dataset=ncFC/cdr/persiann-fc/PERSIANN:_aggregation_best.ncd institution=UC-IRVINE/CHRS, Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, University of California, Irvine keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Keywords, Version 8.0.0.0.0 location=Proto fmrc:PERSIANN:_aggregation Metadata_Conventions=CF-1.6,Unidata Dataset Discovery v1.0, NOAA CDR v1.0, GDS v2.0 metadata_link=gov.noaa.ncdc:C00854 naming_authority=gov.noaa.ncdc Northernmost_Northing=59.875 project=Satellite Data Support for Hydrologic and Water Resources Planning and Management. Sponsor: NOAA source=GRIDSAT-B1.2024.09.29.00.v02r01.nc,GRIDSAT-B1.2024.09.29.03.v02r01.nc,GRIDSAT-B1.2024.09.29.06.v02r01.nc,GRIDSAT-B1.2024.09.29.09.v02r01.nc,GRIDSAT-B1.2024.09.29.12.v02r01.nc,GRIDSAT-B1.2024.09.29.15.v02r01.nc,GRIDSAT-B1.2024.09.29.18.v02r01.nc,GRIDSAT-B1.2024.09.29.21.v02r01.nc,gpcpv23_m2409.bin sourceUrl=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/dodsC/ncFC/cdr/persiann-fc/PERSIANN:_aggregation_best.ncd Southernmost_Northing=-59.875 spatial_resolution=0.25 degrees standard_name_vocabulary=.nc time_coverage_end=2024-09-30T00:00:00Z time_coverage_start=1983-01-01T00:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=0.125

This dataset contains gridded daily surface reflectance and brightness temperatures derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors onboard eight NOAA polar orbiting satellites: NOAA-7, -9, -11, -14, -16, -17, -18 and -19. Surface reflectance from AVHRR channels 1 and 2 (at 640 and 860 nm) are a NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR). The dataset spans from 1981 to 10 days before the present, and was processed from the AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) Level 1b dataset. AVHRR GAC observations are packaged into data arrays with latitude and longitude dimensions of 3600 x 7200 covering the globe at 0.05 degree spatial resolution. This dataset is one of the Land Surface CDR Version 5 products produced by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (UMD). Other Land Surface CDR products include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR). Scientific improvements for Version 5 include updating to higher resolution ancillary data and more accurate approaches for BRDF correction, calibration, compositing, and QA. Version 5 also corrects the data for known errors in time, latitude, and longitude variables, as well as improves the global and variable attribute definitions. The dataset is in the netCDF-4 file format following ACDD and CF Conventions. The dataset is accompanied by algorithm documentation, data flow diagram and source code for the NOAA CDR Program.

This dataset contains gridded daily Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Surface Reflectance. The data record spans from 1981 to 10 days before the present using data from eight NOAA polar orbiting satellites: NOAA-7, -9, -11, -14, -16, -17, -18 and -19. The data are projected on a 0.05 degree x 0.05 degree global grid. This dataset is one of the Land Surface CDR Version 5 products produced by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (UMD). Improvements for Version 5 include using the improved surface reflectance data, correcting the data for known errors in time, latitude, and longitude variables, as well as improvements in the global and variable attribute definitions. The dataset is in the netCDF-4 file format following ACDD and CF Conventions. The dataset is accompanied by algorithm documentation, data flow diagram and source code for the NOAA CDR Program.

The GPCP Daily analysis is a companion to the GPCP Monthly analysis, and provides globally complete precipitation estimates at a spatial resolution of one degree latitude-longitude and daily time scale from October 1996 to the present. The data set is part of World Climate Research Program (WCRP) and GEWEX activities, being part of the array of data sets describing the water and energy cycles of the planet under the auspices of the GEWEX Data and Assessment Panel (GDAP).

Climate Data Record, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) data from NOAA-18 for 2013, days 364 to 364, processed by the Long-Term Land Data Record (LTDR) project (v3.5.33) into Leaf Area, Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation and quality-control flags. Dimensioned By time, latitude, longitude. _CoordSysBuilder=ucar.nc2.dataset.conv.CF1Convention cdm_data_type=Grid cdr_variable=LAI, FAPAR Conventions=CF-1.4, ACDD-1.3 Easternmost_Easting=179.975 ESDT=AVH15C1 geospatial_lat_max=89.975 geospatial_lat_min=-89.97499 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=179.975 geospatial_lon_min=-179.975 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=FMRC Best Dataset id=AVHRR-Land_v005_AVH15C1_NOAA-19_20131230_c20180831023856.nc infoUrl=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/catalog/ncFC/cdr/lai-fapar-fc/catalog.html?dataset=ncFC/cdr/lai-fapar-fc/LAI-FAPAR:_Aggregation_best.ncd InputDataType=GAC institution=NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/HBSL/TIS/MODIS-LAND > MODIS Land Science Team, Terrestrial Information Systems, Hydrospheric and Biospheric Science Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, GSFC, NASA Instrument=AVHRR instrument_vocabulary=Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords keywords_vocabulary=NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords LocalGranuleId=AVHRR-Land_v005_AVH15C1_NOAA-19_20131230_c20180831023856.nc location=Proto fmrc:LAI-FAPAR:_Aggregation metadata_link=https://doi.org/10.7289/V5TT4P69 naming_authority=gov.noaa.ncei Northernmost_Northing=89.975 PFIIVersion=3.5.45 platform=NOAA-19 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-19 platform_vocabulary=Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords PostProcessingVersion=2.9 Process=LTDR_GAPS ProductionDate=2018-08-31T02:38:56.000000Z program=NOAA Climate Data Record Program for satellites RangeBeginningDate=2013-364 RangeBeginningTime=00:00:00.0000 RangeEndingDate=2013-364 RangeEndingTime=23:59:59.9999 Satellite=NOAA-19 sensor=AVHRR > Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer source=v45_MODISWV_L3_GEOG_0.05DEG_364-364_13.NOAA-19.hdf, LANDCOVER_IGBP_1981_1994.hdf, PGE11_band01_BRDF_slope_intercept_params.hdf, PGE11_band02_BRDF_slope_intercept_params.hdf sourceUrl=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/dodsC/ncFC/cdr/lai-fapar-fc/LAI-FAPAR:_Aggregation_best.ncd Southernmost_Northing=-89.97499 spatial_resolution=0.050000 degrees per pixel standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table (v27) time_coverage_end=2013-12-31T00:00:00Z time_coverage_start=1981-06-24T00:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-179.975

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets. These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.CDRMIP.MOHC.UKESM1-0-LL.1pctCO2-cdr' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.

The UKESM1.0-N96ORCA1 climate model, released in 2018, includes the following components: aerosol: UKCA-GLOMAP-mode, atmos: MetUM-HadGEM3-GA7.1 (N96; 192 x 144 longitude/latitude; 85 levels; top level 85 km), atmosChem: UKCA-StratTrop, land: JULES-ES-1.0, ocean: NEMO-HadGEM3-GO6.0 (eORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 deg with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 360 x 330 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), ocnBgchem: MEDUSA2, seaIce: CICE-HadGEM3-GSI8 (eORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 deg; 360 x 330 longitude/latitude). The model was run by the Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, UK (MOHC) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.

Note: This dataset version has been superseded by a newer version. It is highly recommended that users access the current version. Users should only use this version for special cases, such as reproducing studies that used this version. This dataset contains gridded daily surface reflectance and brightness temperatures derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors onboard eight NOAA polar orbiting satellites: NOAA-7, -9, -11, -14, -16, -17, -18 and -19. Surface reflectance from AVHRR channels 1 and 2 (at 640 and 860 nm) are a NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR). The dataset spans from 1981 to 10 days before the present, and was processed from the AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) Level 1b dataset. AVHRR GAC observations are packaged into data arrays with latitude and longitude dimensions of 3600 x 7200 covering the globe at 0.05 degree spatial resolution. This dataset is one of the Land Surface CDR products produced by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (UMD). Other Land Surface CDR products include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR). Improvements made for Version 4 include 1) additional data from NOAA satellites extending the time period, 2) improved geolocation accuracy from use of OLE instead of TLE, 3) center of the grid is used as the reference, and 4) data value of a grid cell is computed as an average of available good observations. The dataset is in the netCDF-4 file format following ACDD and CF Conventions. The dataset is accompanied by algorithm documentation, data flow diagram and source code for the NOAA CDR Program.

Note: This dataset version has been superseded by a newer version. It is highly recommended that users access the current version. Users should only use this version for special cases, such as reproducing studies that used this version. The Intersatellite Calibrated Gridded Satellite Data from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) B1 data (or GridSat-B1) provides a uniform set of quality controlled observations for the infrared (IR) window channel at 11 microns for a 30 year record beginning in 1980. The ISCCP B1 data are quality controlled, calibrated, remapped and merged to provide nearly Global coverage of equal-angle uniform observations of IR brightness temperatures every 3 hours. Temporal normalization is performed via inter-satellite calibration against High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) channel 12 data during the ISCCP B1 period of record. For each 3-hour time segment (from 00 to 23 UTC), the IR channel from each satellite product is mapped to an equal-angle grid using nearest-neighbor sampling. Since the ISCCP B1 spatial resolution is approximately 8km, the resolution of the equal area grid is 0.07 degrees Latitude (approximately 8km at the Equator). The data span the Globe in Longitude and range from 70 degrees South to 70 degrees North Latitude. Satellites are merged by selecting the nadir-most observations for each grid point. Areas of satellite overlap are retained by storing data in layers. Channel primary layers (nadir-most observation) are written as 2-dimensional grids in the netCDF file, which facilitates processing of multiple files (e.g., aggregation of multiple times, etc.). Subsequent layers are written as either 2D grids or staggered arrays, which are 1-dimensional arrays that only record data when present. The fundamental Climate Data Record (CDR) is stored using netCDF and CF conventions to facilitate data usage with a wide range of processing software.

This Climate Data Record (CDR) includes lower tropospheric, mid-tropospheric, and lower stratospheric temperatures over land and ocean derived from microwave radiometers on NOAA and NASA polar orbiting satellites. The temperatures are from measurements produced by Microwave Sounding Units (MSU) since 1978 and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) since 1998 flying on NOAA polar orbiting satellites, on NASA Aqua satellite (operating since mid-1998) and on the European MetOp satellite (operating since late 2006). The instruments are cross-track through-nadir scanning externally-calibrated passive microwave radiometers. Brightness temperature measurements are derived at microwave frequencies within the 50-60 GHz oxygen absorption complex, and (in the case of AMSU-A) at a few microwave frequencies above and below that absorption complex. There are three atmospheric layers for which intermediate products are processed: (1) lower-tropospheric (TLT) deep-layer average temperature, computed as a weighted difference between view angles of AMSU-A channel 5, whose heritage comes from MSU channel 2, (2) mid-tropospheric (TMT) deep-layer temperature, computed as an average of the central portion of the scan of AMSU-A channel 5, whose heritage also comes from MSU channel 2, and (3) lower-stratospheric (TLS) deep layer temperatures, computed from the central portion of the scan of AMSU channel 9, whose heritage comes from MSU channel 4. This CDR includes several products. The global monthly anomaly data data are averaged onto a 2.5 x 2.5 degree latitude-longitude grid for each of the three atmospheric layers. Monthly anomalies are averaged for each of the three atmospheric layers over multiple regions, including Global, hemispheric, tropic, extratropic, polar and contiguous U.S. A mean annual cycle of monthly mean layer temperatures is also included. Anomalies are deviations from 1981-2010 mean. The datasets have been converted from the native ASCII format to CF-compliant netCDF-4 format.

The Gridded Satellite (GridSat-B1) data provides a uniform set of quality controlled geostationary satellite observations for the visible, infrared window and infrared water vapor channels. GridSat-B1 uses the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) B1 dataset providing coverage every 3 hours from 1980 to the present, and is updated quarterly as possible. The ISCCP B1 data have been quality controlled, calibrated, remapped and merged together to provide a nearly global coverage of top of the atmosphere radiances. Long-term temporal normalization is performed via calibration against HIRS channel 12 data during the period of record. The IR window channel data has received more extensive inter-satellite calibration and is thus identified as a Climate Data Record (CDR) by the NOAA CDR Program. GridSat-B1 data are projected on an equal angle grid, which facilitates the mapping and subsetting of the data. Since the ISCCP B1 native resolution is approximately 8km, the resolution of the equal area grid is 0.07 degrees latitude (approximately 8km at the Equator). The data span the globe in longitude and range from 70 degrees South to 70 degrees North latitude. GridSat version 2 differs from version 1 in the following ways: a) three channels are provided instead of just one, b) more quality control on the calibration, navigation and flagging of bad data, and c) extension of the period of record. Data are stored using netCDF-4 file format following the Climate and Forecast (CF) Conventions and the Attribute Convention for Dataset Discovery (ACDD) which facilitates usage with compatible software applications. Documentation and source code are available for the dataset.

For RDA ERA5 data prior to 1979, please see ds633.4: ERA5 back extension 1950-1978 (Preliminary version) After many years of research and technical preparation, the production of a new ECMWF climate reanalysis to replace ERA-Interim is in progress. ERA5 is the fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate, which started with the FGGE reanalyses produced in the 1980s, followed by ERA-15, ERA-40 and most recently ERA-Interim. ERA5 will cover the period January 1950 to near real time. ... ERA5 is produced using high-resolution forecasts (HRES) at 31 kilometer resolution (one fourth the spatial resolution of the operational model) and a 62 kilometer resolution ten member 4D-Var ensemble of data assimilation (EDA) in CY41r2 of ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) with 137 hybrid sigma-pressure (model) levels in the vertical, up to a top level of 0.01 hPa. Atmospheric data on these levels are interpolated to 37 pressure levels (the same levels as in ERA-Interim). Surface or single level data are also available, containing 2D parameters such as precipitation, 2 meter temperature, top of atmosphere radiation and vertical integrals over the entire atmosphere. The IFS is coupled to a soil model, the parameters of which are also designated as surface parameters, and an ocean wave model. Generally, the data is available at an hourly frequency and consists of analyses and short (12 hour) forecasts, initialized twice daily from analyses at 06 and 18 UTC. Most analyses parameters are also available from the forecasts. There are a number of forecast parameters, e.g. mean rates and accumulations, that are not available from the analyses. Improvements to ERA5, compared to ERA-Interim, include use of HadISST.2, reprocessed ECMWF climate data records (CDR), and implementation of RTTOV11 radiative transfer. Variational bias corrections have not only been applied to satellite radiances, but also ozone retrievals, aircraft observations, surface pressure, and radiosonde profiles. Please note: DECS is producing a CF 1.6 compliant netCDF-4/HDF5 version of ERA5 for the CISL RDA at NCAR. The netCDF-4/HDF5 version is the de facto RDA ERA5 online data format. The GRIB1 data format is only available via NCAR's High Performance Storage System (HPSS). There is a one-to-one correspondence between the netCDF-4/HDF5 and GRIB1 files, with as much GRIB1 metadata as possible incorporated into the attributes of the netCDF-4/HDF5 counterpart.

Note: This dataset version has been superseded by a newer version. It is highly recommended that users access the current version. Users should only use this version for special cases, such as reproducing studies that used this version. The Pathfinder Atmospheres - Extended (PATMOS-x) Reflectance data contain derived atmospheric variables from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Global Area Coverage (GAC) data observed from three decades of the NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) series. PATMOS-x data consists of twice daily fields from AVHRR/1, AVHRR/2 and AVHRR/3 GAC data from 1978 to 2009. The radiometric products are on a consistent grid spacing which allows for a thorough diagnosis of time-series information. There is no averaging of multiple pixels as each data point in a file represents a single GAC pixel-level value. Variables are produced on a 0.1 degree Latitude/Longitude grid with dimensions of 3601 by 1801. Each daily PATMOS-x product file provides data derived from one NOAA POES satellite in either an ascending or descending orbital node. Spatial overlap of orbital coverage occurs at most latitudes. Highlights of the product include improved accuracy in geolocation and improved reflectance calibrations of the AVHRR data. Reflectance from the visible and Near Infrared (VIS/NIR) channels 1, 2 and 3a on AVHRR constitute this fundamental Climate Data Record (CDR).

[ Derived from parent entry - See data hierarchy tab ]

These data include the subset used by IPCC AR6 WGI authors of the datasets originally published in ESGF for 'CMIP6.CDRMIP.MOHC.UKESM1-0-LL.1pctCO2-cdr' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The UKESM1.0-N96ORCA1 climate model, released in 2018, includes the following components: aerosol: UKCA-GLOMAP-mode, atmos: MetUM-HadGEM3-GA7.1 (N96; 192 x 144 longitude/latitude; 85 levels; top level 85 km), atmosChem: UKCA-StratTrop, land: JULES-ES-1.0, ocean: NEMO-HadGEM3-GO6.0 (eORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 deg with meridional refinement down to 1/3 degree in the tropics; 360 x 330 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), ocnBgchem: MEDUSA2, seaIce: CICE-HadGEM3-GSI8 (eORCA1 tripolar primarily 1 deg; 360 x 330 longitude/latitude). The model was run by the Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, UK (MOHC) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

These data include the subset used by IPCC AR6 WGI authors of the datasets originally published in ESGF for 'CMIP6.CDRMIP.CNRM-CERFACS.CNRM-ESM2-1.1pctCO2-cdr' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The CNRM-ESM2-1 climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components: aerosol: TACTIC_v2, atmos: Arpege 6.3 (T127; Gaussian Reduced with 24572 grid points in total distributed over 128 latitude circles (with 256 grid points per latitude circle between 30degN and 30degS reducing to 20 grid points per latitude circle at 88.9degN and 88.9degS); 91 levels; top level 78.4 km), atmosChem: REPROBUS-C_v2, land: Surfex 8.0c, ocean: Nemo 3.6 (eORCA1, tripolar primarily 1deg; 362 x 294 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-1 m), ocnBgchem: Pisces 2.s, seaIce: Gelato 6.1. The model was run by the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, Toulouse 31057, France), CERFACS (Centre Europeen de Recherche et de Formation Avancee en Calcul Scientifique, Toulouse 31057, France) (CNRM-CERFACS) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

This dataset contains the Version 1.2 CYGNSS Level 3 Climate Data Record which provides the average wind speed and mean square slope (MSS) on a 0.2x0.2 degree latitude by longitude equirectangular grid obtained from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. The Level 2 Delay Doppler Map (DDM) data are used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS data that are binned on the Level 3 grid. A subset of DDM data used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS is co-located inside of the Level 2 data files. A single netCDF-4 data file is produced for each day of operation with an approximate 5 days latency. The reported sample locations are determined by the specular points corresponding to the Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs). The Version 1.2 CDR is a collection of reanalysis products derived from the SDR v3.1 Level 1 data (https://doi.org/10.5067/CYGNS-L1X31 ). Calibration accuracy and long term stability are improved relative to SDR v3.1 (https://doi.org/10.5067/CYGNS-L3X31 ) using the same trackwise correction algorithm as was used by CDR v1.1 (https://doi.org/10.5067/CYGNS-L3C11 ), which was derived from SDR v3.0 Level 1 data (https://doi.org/10.5067/CYGNS-L1X30 ). Details of the algorithm are provided in the Trackwise Corrected CDR Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. CDR Level 2 and 3 products (ocean surface wind speed, mean square slope, and latent and sensible heat flux) are generated from the CDR L1 data using the v3.1 SDR data processing algorithms. These products also exhibit improved calibration accuracy and stability over SDR v3.1. Trackwise correction is applied to the two primary CYGNSS L1 science data products, the normalized bistatic radar cross section (NBRCS) and the leading edge slope of the Doppler-integrated delay waveform (LES). The correction compensates for small errors in the Level 1 calibration, due e.g. to uncertainties in the GPS transmitting antenna gain patterns and the CYGNSS receiving antenna gain patterns. It should be noted that the trackwise correction algorithm cannot be successfully applied to all SDR v3.1 L1 data so there is also some loss of samples that were present in SDR v3.1.

This Version 7 NOAA Fundamental Climate Data Record (CDR) from Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) contains brightness temperatures that have been inter-calibrated and homogenized over the observation time period. The temperature data are from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) series of passive microwave radiometers carried onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. These satellite sensors measure the natural microwave emission coming from the Earth’s surface in the spectral band from 19 to 85 GHz. This dataset encompasses data from a total of seven satellites including the SSM/I sensors on board DMSP satellites F08, F10, F11, F13, F14, and F15 as well as the SSMIS sensors on board DMSP satellite F17. The data record covers the time period from July 1987 through the present with a one month latency. The spatial and temporal resolutions of the CDR files correspond to the original resolution of the source SSMI(S) observations. There are roughly 15 orbits per day with a swath width of approximately 1400 km resulting in nearly global daily coverage. The spatial resolution of the data is a function of the sensor/channel and varies from approximately 50 km for the lowest frequency channels to approximately 15km for the high-frequency channels. The output parameters include the observed brightness temperatures for each of the seven SSM/I channels and 24 SSMIS channels at the original sensor channel resolution along with latitude and longitude information, time, quality flags, and view angle information. The file format is netCDF-4 with added metadata that follow the Climate and Forecast (CF) Conventions and Attribute Convention for Dataset Discovery (ACDD). There are three major changes in the Version 7 processing: (1) the water vapor continuum absorption model was re-derived, (2) the clear-sky bias in cloud water was removed and the data format for cloud water was changed, and (3) the beamfilling correction in the rain algorithm was modified. Relative to Version 6, Version 7 has: (1) increased vapor values in the range of 50-60 mm by 1%, (2) increased vapor values above 60 mm by 2-3%, (3) cloud data changed to the range of cloud water values: -0.05 to 2.45 mm (cloud data format has changed), and (4) increased the global mean rain rates by about 16% (mostly due to changes in the extratropical values).

This NOAA Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) from Colorado State University (CSU) contains brightness temperatures that have been improved and quality-controlled over the observational time period. The temperature data are from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) series of passive microwave radiometers carried onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites, and from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) carried onboard the Global Change Observation Mission 1st - Water (GCOM-W1) satellite. The dataset encompasses data from a total of 11 satellites including the SSM/I sensors on board DMSP satellites F08, F10, F11, F13, F14, and F15, the SSMIS sensors on board DMSP satellites F16, F17, F18, and F19, as well as AMSR2 on board GCOM-W1. The DMSP satellites F09 and F12 were not used. The data record covers the time period from July 1987 beginning with SSM/I through the present with a 7 to 10 day latency. There are roughly 15 orbits per satellite per day with a swath width of approximately 1400 km resulting in nearly global daily coverage. The spatial and temporal resolutions of the FCDR files correspond to the original resolution of the source Temperature Data Record (TDR) observations. The spatial resolution of the data is a function of the sensor/channel and varies from approximately ~50 km for the lowest frequency channels to ~15km for the high-frequency channels. The output parameters include the observed brightness temperatures for each channel at the original sensor channel resolution along with latitude and longitude for each pixel, time, quality flags, and view angle information. Interim updates to the FCDR, notated as ICDR, are produced on an operational basis as new source data become available. The initially-produced interim files or ICDR files are produced prior to the final FCDR production. Once the data has been fully checked, updates for the final FCDR files are provided approximately every year. There are several changes to Version 2 from Version 1 of the FCDR. 1) The addition of inter-calibrated data from the GCOM-W1 AMSR2 instrument for the period from July 2, 2012 to the present. 2) A change from relative inter calibration to SSM/I on board DMSP F13 to an absolute calibration based on the well-documented and published calibration of the GPM GMI instrument. 3) Multiple updates to geolocation and calibration corrections to the SSM/I and SSMIS brightness temperature data including improved geolocation and pointing information, updated cross-track bias corrections, updated corrections for solar intrusions, and updated inter calibration adjustments incorporating corrections over both cold and warm scenes. The file format is netCDF-4 with added metadata that follow the Climate and Forecast (CF) Conventions and Attribute Convention for Dataset Discovery (ACDD).

This dataset contains the Version 1.1 CYGNSS Level 3 Climate Data Record which provides the average wind speed and mean square slope (MSS) on a 0.2x0.2 degree latitude by longitude equirectangular grid obtained from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. The Level 2 Delay Doppler Map (DDM) data are used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS data that are binned on the Level 3 grid. A subset of DDM data used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS is co-located inside of the Level 2 data files. A single netCDF-4 data file is produced for each day of operation with an approximate 1 to 2 month latency. The reported sample locations are determined by the specular points corresponding to the Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs). The Version 1.1 CDR is a collection of reanalysis products derived from the SDR v3.0 Level 1 data (https://doi.org/10.5067/CYGNS-L1X30 ). Calibration accuracy and long term stability are improved relative to SDR v3.0 (https://doi.org/10.5067/CYGNS-L3X30 ) using the same trackwise correction algorithm as was used by CDR v1.0 (https://doi.org/10.5067/CYGNS-L3C10 ), which was derived from SDR v2.1 Level 1 data (https://doi.org/10.5067/CYGNS-L1X21 ). Details of the algorithm are provided in the Trackwise Corrected CDR Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. CDR Level 2 and 3 products (ocean surface wind speed, mean square slope, and latent and sensible heat flux) are generated from the CDR L1 data using the v3.0 SDR data processing algorithms. These products also exhibit improved calibration accuracy and stability over SDR v3.0. Trackwise correction is applied to the two primary CYGNSS L1 science data products, the normalized bistatic radar cross section (NBRCS) and the leading edge slope of the Doppler-integrated delay waveform (LES). The correction compensates for small errors in the Level 1 calibration, due e.g. to uncertainties in the GPS transmitting antenna gain patterns and the CYGNSS receiving antenna gain patterns. CDR v1.1 does not include a Young Seas with Limited Fetch (YSLF) wind speed product and investigators requiring wind speed measurements in and near the inner core of tropical cyclones should use the SDR v3.0 YSLF wind speed product. A YSLF wind speed product is omitted because the trackwise correction algorithm, which constrains the average value of the L1 data using MERRA-2 reanalysis wind speeds, is inherently biased toward fully developed sea state conditions. The constraint improves wind speed retrieval performance in fully developed seas but produces underestimates in YSLF conditions. It should also be noted that the trackwise correction algorithm cannot be successfully applied to all SDR v3.0 L1 data so there is also some loss of samples that were present in SDR v3.0.

The High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) of intersatellite calibrated channel 12 brightness temperature product is a gridded global monthly time series product spanning from 1979 to the most current full month, updated monthly. Among the twenty channels in the HIRS instrument, channel 12 measures upper tropospheric water vapor. Multiple polar orbiting satellites in the NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) and MetOp series have carried HIRS instruments. Due to the independence in calibration of the individual HIRS instruments, biases exist between satellites. Examination of the intersatellite biases shows that the biases are scene brightness temperature dependent. These HIRS channel 12 measurements from the NOAA POES and MetOp series are calibrated to a baseline satellite based on intersatellite bias correction data. The dataset is provided as monthly mean 2.5x2.5 degree latitude/longitude in netcdf format. This CDR is key to understanding water vapor feedback climatology and has been used to study long-term water vapor variability, to evaluate climate models, and to study large-scale atmospheric circulations.