This composition appears in the Cd-S-Zr region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Cd-S-Zr phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

Substitution of the sulfide ions in CdS by aliovalent P3– and Cl– ions is known to markedly affect the electronic structure and properties, reducing the band gap of the semiconductor. The decrease in band gap arises because the P (3p) states occupy the top of the valence band while the Cl (3p) orbitals lie deep down in energy. Progressive substitution of S by equal proportions of P and Cl should result in CdP0.5Cl0.5 or Cd2PCl. We have investigated the electronic structure of this compound and carried out first-principles calculations to understand the electronic structure and properties. Interestingly, Cd4P2Cl3 is a semiconductor with a band gap of 2.36 eV comparable to that of CdS, and it exhibits a photoluminescence band at 580 nm similar to CdS. Its conduction band and valence band edges are appropriately placed with respect to the water redox potentials, for it to exhibit excellent hydrogen evolution by photochemical water splitting. Visible-light induced hydrogen evolution rate of 1007(±23) and 54(±4) μmol h–1 g–1 has been obtained in the presence and absence of sacrificial agent. Hydrogen evolution in the absence of any sacrificial agent and the absence of photocorrosion seems to be unique features of Cd4P2Cl3.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: HD,HDE,DM Identifications in Open Clusters(Mermilliod J.C.+, 1986)

Chromatography Data Systems (CDS) Market Outlook

In 2023, the global chromatography data systems (CDS) market size was valued at approximately USD 850 million. Driven by advancements in analytical techniques and increasing demand across various industries, the market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5%, reaching approximately USD 1.49 billion by 2032. The growth of this market is fueled by the need for precise and efficient data management systems in chromatography laboratories, as they continue to replace traditional paper-based systems for handling complex data.

One of the primary growth factors for the chromatography data systems market is the technological advancement in chromatography techniques themselves. As these techniques become more sophisticated, the demand for advanced data systems that can accurately collect, process, and store data in an efficient manner has increased. The evolution of digital technologies, which enhances data security and integrity, also plays a critical role in the adoption of CDS. These systems not only streamline laboratory operations but also ensure compliance with stringent regulatory standards that are crucial in industries such as pharmaceuticals and biotechnology.

The adoption of chromatography data systems is also propelled by the burgeoning pharmaceutical industry, which relies heavily on these systems for drug discovery and development processes. As the pharmaceutical sector continues to expand, driven by the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging population, the demand for precise and reliable data management solutions in laboratories rises correspondingly. Furthermore, the biotechnology industry, which benefits from similar trends as pharmaceuticals, also significantly contributes to the growth of the CDS market. The need for high-throughput screening and analysis in biotech workflows necessitates the use of robust data systems, further bolstering market growth.

Moreover, the expanding food and beverage industry drives demand for chromatography data systems, as companies within this sector strive to ensure the highest quality and safety of their products. With consumers becoming increasingly health-conscious and regulations tightening around food safety, there is a pressing need for precise analytical techniques capable of detecting contaminants and ensuring quality control. Chromatography, supported by efficient data systems, provides the necessary tools for comprehensive food analysis, from verifying ingredient authenticity to ensuring compliance with industry standards, thus pushing the market forward.

Regionally, North America is expected to maintain its dominance in the chromatography data systems market. This is largely due to the presence of a well-established pharmaceutical industry, alongside a strong base of biotechnology firms, research institutions, and regulatory bodies that enforce stringent compliance standards. Additionally, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to exhibit the highest growth rate, driven by increasing investments in research and development, rising awareness about technological advancements, and the burgeoning pharmaceutical and biotech sectors. Europe, with its robust healthcare and food safety regulations, also represents a significant market, while emerging markets in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa present new growth opportunities due to increasing industrialization and regulatory developments.

Component Analysis

When analyzing the chromatography data systems market by component, it is crucial to consider the distinct roles played by software, hardware, and services. Each component contributes uniquely to the overall system, offering comprehensive solutions tailored for various analytical requirements. Software, a pivotal component, forms the backbone of any CDS by providing the platforms necessary for data collection, processing, and management. Advanced software facilitates integration with laboratory instruments, providing seamless and efficient data flow while ensuring data integrity and security. As laboratories increasingly digitize their operations, the demand for sophisticated CDS software continues to grow.

Hardware components, although often overshadowed by software, are critical to the efficient functioning of chromatography data systems. These components include necessary interfaces and computing devices that facilitate data transfer between laboratory instruments and the CDS software. The evolution of hardware has enabled faster processing speeds and enhanced connectivity, allowing for real-time data analy

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Identification of Dahlmark variables(Skiff B.A.+, 1997)

CdS is Zincblende, Sphalerite structured and crystallizes in the cubic F-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form corner-sharing CdS4 tetrahedra. All Cd–S bond lengths are 2.57 Å. S2- is bonded to four equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SCd4 tetrahedra.

CdS is Wurtzite structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3mc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form corner-sharing CdS4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.57 Å) and one longer (2.58 Å) Cd–S bond lengths. S2- is bonded to four equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SCd4 tetrahedra.

The current strategies in the development of Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells involve fabrication and optimization ofsuperstrate and substrate device architectures, with the preferable choice for TiO2 and CdS heterojunction layers.For CdS-based superstrate cells, several studies reported the necessity to apply CdCl2 or other metal halide-basedpost-deposition treatment (PDT), highlighting improvement of CdS/Sb2Se3 device efficiency. However, the need,effect, and mechanism of such PDT are very often not described. Additionally, the fact that many groups have notsucceeded in demonstrating its benefits suggests that this strategy is not straightforward, requiring a deeperunderstanding towards a more unified concept. The present study proposes an alternative approach to thechallenging CdCl2 PDT of CdS in CdS/Sb2Se3 device, involving controllable Cl incorporation in CdS films bysystematically varying the concentration of NH4Cl in the CBD precursor solution from 1 to 8 mM. Structural andelectrical characterizations are correlated with advanced measurements of Scanning Kelvin Probe, surfacephotovoltage, and atomic force microscopy to understand the impact of Cl incorporation on the properties of CdSfilms and CdS/Sb2Se3 devices. The validity of Cl incorporation in the CdS lattice and interdiffusion processes atthe CdS-Sb2Se3 interface is confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. It is demonstrated thatincorporation of 1 mM of NH4Cl, as a Cl source in CBD CdS, can boost the PCE of CdS/Sb2Se3 by ~20 %. With thisapproach, we offer new perspectives on the optimization methodology for Cl-based CdS/Sb2Se3 device processingand complementary understanding of the physiochemistry behind these processes.

CDS sequences from genome annotation

This composition appears in the Cd-Ni region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Cd-Ni phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the Cd-Cr-S region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Cd-Cr-S phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the Cd-S-Yb region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Cd-S-Yb phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

SCRN4L1RAD_CDROM is the gridded Nimbus-4 Selective Chopper Radiometer (SCR) Level 1 Radiance Data Product. The radiances are measured by 16 channels at 2.3 to 15 micrometers with a ground resolution of 25 km. The CD-ROM contains corrected radiances in a daily 4 degree latitude x 10 degree longitude grid format, as well as the original orbit format. The data for this product are available from 27 July 1970 to 2 November 1972. The principal investigator for the SCR experiment was Dr. John T. Houghton from Oxford University. This product was created by the Oxford University's Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics (AOPP) group. The data are stored on a single CD-ROM in ASCII files of hexadecimal characters, and are available in a single gzipped Unix tar archive file. The byte-ordering in the data files follows the DEC convention for 16-bit integers of less significant byte first. Normal 2's complement integer storage is assumed.

This data represents the top arrest charge of those processed at Baltimore's Central Booking & Intake Facility. This data does not contain those who have been processed through Juvenile Booking.

Chemical Distribution System (CDS) for Semiconductors Market Outlook 2032

The global chemical distribution system (CDS) for semiconductors market size was USD 641.4 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1381.6 Million by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 8.9% during 2024–2032. The market is propelled by the growing demand for high-purity chemicals in complex semiconductor manufacturing and the stringent regulatory standards mandating the use of specialized distribution systems to prevent contamination.



Increasing integration of automation technologies in chemical distribution systems enhances precision and efficiency in semiconductor manufacturing. Automated systems ensure accurate chemical delivery, minimizing human error and contamination risks.

This trend responds to the industry's demand for higher throughput and consistent quality, particularly in environments that require stringent contamination control. Major players are investing in advanced robotic and sensor-based technologies to stay competitive and meet these high standards.



Surging environmental concerns are propelling the adoption of eco-friendly and sustainable chemicals in the semiconductor industry. Manufacturers are shifting toward chemicals that offer reduced environmental impact without compromising performance.



This shift is supported by tightening global regulations on chemical emissions and waste management, prompting companies to innovate greener alternatives and processes. This trend aligns with global sustainability efforts and opens new avenues for market differentiation and leadership.



The Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) in recent years introduced the "Guidelines for Environmental Health and Safety in the Semiconductor Industry," focusing on the management of chemical substances. This regulation is expected to impact the market, as manufacturers are likely to need to adopt advanced systems that comply with these enhanced safety and environmental standards, driving technological innovation in the market.

This composition appears in the Al-Cd-S region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Al-Cd-S phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

This composition appears in the Cd-Na-S region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the Cd-Na-S phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Photometry of high proper motion objects from WISE(Luhman K.L.+, 2014)

The depth profiles of Cd isotopes display high δ114/110Cd at the surface and decreasing δ114/110Cd with increasing water depth, consistent with preferential utilization of lighter Cd isotopes during biological uptake in the euphotic zone and subsequent remineralization of the sinking biomass. In the surface and subsurface ocean, seawater displays similar δ114/110Cd signatures of 0.47 ±0.23‰ to 0.82 ±0.05‰ across the entire eastern tropical South Pacific despite highly variable Cd concentrations between 0.01 and 0.84 nmol/kg. This observation, best explained by an open system steady-state fractionation model, contrasts with previous studies of the South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans, where only Cd-deficient waters have a relatively constant Cd isotope signature. For the subsurface to about 500 m depth, the variability of seawater Cd isotope compositions can be modeled by mixing of remineralized Cd with subsurface water from the base of the mixed layer. In the intermediate and deep eastern tropical South Pacific (>500 m), seawater [Cd] and δ114/110Cd appear to follow the distribution and mixing of major water masses. We identified modified AAIW of the ETSP to be more enriched in [Cd] than AAIW from the source region, whilst both water masses have similar δ114/110Cd. A mass balance estimate thus constrains a δ114/110Cd of between 0.38‰ and 0.56‰ for the accumulated remineralized Cd in the ETSP. Nearly all samples show a tight coupling of Cd and PO4 concentrations, whereby surface and deeper waters define two distinct linear trends. However, seawater at a coastal station located within a pronounced plume of H2S, is depleted in [Cd] and features significantly higher δ114/110Cd. This signature is attributed to the formation of authigenic CdS with preferential incorporation of lighter Cd isotopes. The process follows a Rayleigh fractionation model with a fractionation factor of α114/110Cd(seawater-CdS)=1.00029. Further deviations from the deep Cd-PO4 trend were observed for samples with O2<10μmol/kg and are best explained by in situ CdS precipitation within the decaying organic matter even though dissolved H2S was not detectable in ambient seawater.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: 3-Month or 90-Day Rates and Yields: Certificates of Deposit: Total for United States (IR3TCD01USM156N) from Jun 1964 to Dec 2023 about CD, 3-month, yield, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.