The article examines causal relationships between sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) prices for the BRICS and most important EU economies (Germany, France, the UK, Italy, Spain) during the European debt crisis. The cross-correlation function (CCF) approach used in the research distinguishes between causality-in-mean and causality-in-variance. In both causality dimensions, the BRICS CDS prices tend to Granger cause those of the EU counterparts with the exception of Germany. Italy and Spain exhibit the highest dependence on the BRICS, whereas only India has a negative balance of outgoing and incoming causal linkages among the BRICS. Thus, the paper underscores the signs of decoupling effects in the sovereign CDS market and also supports the view that the European debt crisis has so far had a limited non-EU impact in this market.

Strip bond prices used to calibrate the CIR model for the interest rate

The dataset contains: - the first differences of logarithms of CDS spreads and the first differences of ESG scores of US companies from 2016 to 2023; - Refinitiv Instrument Codes and OrgIDs that were used to download CDS spreads and ESG scores from the Refinitiv Eikon database.

Credit Default Swap Index Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Credit Default Swap Index market size reached USD 4.8 billion in 2024, reflecting robust activity across institutional and trading segments. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.2% from 2025 to 2033, with a forecasted market size of USD 9.1 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily fueled by increased demand for credit risk management tools, evolving regulatory frameworks, and the rising sophistication of institutional investors. As per our latest research, the Credit Default Swap Index market is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by technological advancements and the growing need for efficient hedging mechanisms in volatile credit environments.

One of the primary growth factors for the Credit Default Swap Index market is the heightened focus on risk management and credit protection among financial institutions. In the wake of recent economic uncertainties and the persistent threat of corporate defaults, banks, asset managers, and hedge funds are increasingly utilizing CDS indices to hedge against credit events and manage portfolio exposures. The market’s evolution has been further propelled by the development of more sophisticated CDS products, which allow for greater flexibility and customization. This, in turn, has attracted a broader spectrum of market participants, including insurance companies and pension funds seeking to optimize their risk-return profiles. The ability of CDS indices to offer efficient and transparent exposure to baskets of credit instruments has made them indispensable in modern portfolio management.

Another significant driver is the integration of advanced analytics and electronic trading platforms, which have considerably improved market transparency and liquidity. The adoption of digital trading solutions has enabled market participants to access real-time pricing, execute trades with greater efficiency, and manage complex portfolios with enhanced precision. These technological advancements have also facilitated tighter bid-ask spreads and deeper market participation, making CDS indices more accessible to a wider array of investors. Furthermore, regulatory initiatives aimed at increasing transparency and reducing systemic risk—such as mandatory clearing and reporting requirements—have bolstered investor confidence and contributed to the market’s expansion. This regulatory push has also encouraged the migration of trading volumes from over-the-counter (OTC) to more standardized and transparent exchange-traded platforms.

The global Credit Default Swap Index market also benefits from the diversification of underlying credit instruments and the expansion of the index universe. With the inclusion of emerging market credits, high-yield bonds, and sector-specific indices, investors now have a broader set of tools to express their credit views and manage risks. This diversification has not only increased trading volumes but also enhanced the market’s resilience to shocks in any single sector or region. The growing appetite for credit derivatives among institutional investors in Asia Pacific and Latin America is further expanding the market’s geographic footprint. As these regions experience economic growth and increased financial market sophistication, the adoption of CDS indices as risk management and investment tools is expected to accelerate, contributing to the overall expansion of the global market.

Regionally, North America remains the largest and most mature market for CDS indices, accounting for over 42% of global trading volumes in 2024. Europe follows closely, driven by active participation from major banks and asset managers, particularly in the United Kingdom, Germany, and France. The Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, supported by regulatory reforms, rising corporate bond issuance, and growing institutional demand for credit protection instruments. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, while still nascent, are witnessing gradual adoption as local financial markets deepen and regulatory frameworks evolve. This regional diversification is expected to further drive the global Credit Default Swap Index market, with each region contributing uniquely to overall growth dynamics.

Credit Default Swaps Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Credit Default Swaps (CDS) market size reached USD 4.7 trillion in 2024, demonstrating robust activity across all major financial centers. The market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 6.2% from 2025 to 2033, driven by evolving risk management strategies and increased demand for credit protection instruments. By 2033, the forecasted market size is projected to reach USD 8.1 trillion, highlighting the growing significance of credit derivatives in global financial markets. This growth is underpinned by heightened awareness of credit risk, regulatory developments, and the ongoing digital transformation within the financial services sector.

One of the primary growth factors for the Credit Default Swaps market is the rising complexity of credit risk in a rapidly changing economic environment. As corporate and sovereign debt levels continue to rise globally, investors and financial institutions are increasingly turning to CDS contracts to hedge against potential defaults and credit events. The proliferation of new debt instruments, coupled with the uncertain macroeconomic outlook in several regions, has led to a surge in demand for effective credit risk transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, the ability of CDS to provide real-time pricing and transparency has made them an indispensable tool for sophisticated risk management, especially for large institutional investors and multinational banks.

Another significant driver is the ongoing innovation in financial products and the digitalization of trading platforms. The integration of advanced analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology into CDS trading has enhanced market efficiency, reduced operational risks, and improved settlement processes. These technological advancements have also enabled the development of more customizable and complex CDS structures, catering to the diverse needs of market participants. As a result, the market has witnessed increased participation from non-traditional players such as hedge funds, asset managers, and even fintech firms, further fueling growth and liquidity in the CDS ecosystem.

Regulatory reforms and the standardization of CDS contracts have also played a pivotal role in market expansion. Post-2008 financial crisis, global regulatory bodies introduced stringent measures to enhance transparency, reduce counterparty risk, and promote central clearing of CDS trades. These initiatives have restored investor confidence and attracted new entrants to the market by mitigating systemic risks. The adoption of standardized documentation and contract terms has not only reduced legal ambiguities but also facilitated cross-border trading, thereby broadening the market’s geographic reach and deepening its liquidity pool.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the Credit Default Swaps market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and Asia Pacific. The United States, with its mature financial infrastructure and deep capital markets, remains at the forefront of CDS innovation and trading volumes. However, Asia Pacific is emerging as a high-growth region, propelled by rapid financial sector development, increasing foreign investment, and regulatory modernization. Meanwhile, Europe’s established banking sector and active debt markets ensure its continued relevance in the global CDS landscape. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America, while still nascent, are gradually integrating CDS instruments into their risk management frameworks, signaling long-term growth potential for these regions.

Product Type Analysis

The Credit Default Swaps market is segmented by product type into Single-name CDS, Index CDS, Basket CDS, and Others. Single-name CDS remain the most widely traded product, representing a significant portion of the overall market volume in 2024. These instruments allow investors to hedge or speculate on the creditworthiness of a single reference entity,

Descriptive statistics for the bank and sovereign CDS spreads, the bank and country variables and the market variables.

Loan Credit Default Swaps Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Loan Credit Default Swaps (CDS) market size reached USD 1.27 trillion in 2024. The market is experiencing robust expansion, propelled by evolving risk management strategies and the increasing complexity of global credit markets. The Loan Credit Default Swaps market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a forecasted market size of USD 2.51 trillion by 2033. This growth is primarily attributed to heightened demand for credit risk mitigation tools among financial institutions and the rising need for transparent, liquid, and efficient hedging instruments in the wake of global economic uncertainties.

One of the principal growth drivers for the Loan Credit Default Swaps market is the intensification of credit risk in both developed and emerging markets. As global debt levels rise and economic cycles become increasingly unpredictable, financial institutions and investors are seeking advanced instruments to hedge against potential defaults. The increasing sophistication of financial markets has led to a greater reliance on credit derivatives such as CDS to manage exposures and protect against losses. Furthermore, regulatory reforms post-2008 financial crisis have encouraged greater transparency and standardization in the CDS market, making these instruments more accessible and appealing to a wider array of market participants.

Another significant factor fueling the expansion of the Loan Credit Default Swaps market is the diversification of product offerings. Market participants are not only utilizing single-name CDS but are also increasingly engaging with index CDS and basket CDS to gain exposure to broader credit markets or specific segments. This diversification allows investors and institutions to tailor their risk management strategies more precisely, aligning with their unique risk appetites and investment objectives. The proliferation of customized CDS contracts, alongside the growth of standard contracts, is further enhancing the flexibility and appeal of these products, thereby driving market growth.

Technological advancements and digitalization are also playing a pivotal role in shaping the Loan Credit Default Swaps market. The adoption of advanced analytics, machine learning, and blockchain technology is streamlining the trading, pricing, and settlement of CDS contracts. These innovations are reducing operational risks, minimizing transaction costs, and improving overall market efficiency. Additionally, the integration of real-time data analytics is enabling market participants to make more informed decisions, thus increasing the attractiveness of CDS as a risk management tool. This digital transformation is expected to continue supporting the growth trajectory of the Loan Credit Default Swaps market over the forecast period.

From a regional perspective, North America remains the dominant market for Loan Credit Default Swaps, accounting for a substantial share of global volumes. The region’s mature financial infrastructure, coupled with the presence of major international banks and asset managers, underpins its leadership position. Europe follows closely, supported by a well-established regulatory framework and a high degree of market sophistication. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is witnessing rapid growth, driven by financial sector liberalization and increasing adoption of risk management tools in emerging economies such as China and India. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, though smaller in market size, are expected to register above-average growth rates as financial markets deepen and regulatory frameworks evolve to support derivative trading.

Product Type Analysis

The Loan Credit Default Swaps market is segmented by product type into Single-name CDS, Index CDS, Basket CDS, and Others. Single-name CDS remains the most widely used product type, accounting for the largest share of the market in 2024. These instruments allow investors to hedge or speculate on the credit risk associated with a specific reference entity, such as a corporation or sovereign government. The popularity of single-name CDS stems from their simplicity, liquidity, and the direct exposure they provide to individual credit events. Financial institutions, asset managers, and hedge funds frequently use single-name CDS to manage exposures in their loan portfolios or to express views on the creditworthiness of specific entities.

United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) was 104.80000 Index Dec 2010=100 in January of 2019, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) reached a record high of 106.40000 in March of 2014 and a record low of 99.20000 in July of 2011. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on December of 2025.

We investigate the effectiveness of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) in mitigating the transmission of credit risk from banks to their sovereign, using CDS spreads to capture bank and sovereign credit risk for a sample of 43 banks in 8 Euro Area countries over the period 2009–2020. If the BRRD bail-in framework is credible, changes in bank default risk should not be transmitted to sovereign risk. In a novel approach we use banks earnings announcements to identify exogenous shocks to bank credit risk and investigate to what extent bank risk is transmitted to sovereign risk before and during the BRRD era. We find that bank-to-sovereign risk transmission has diminished after the introduction of the BRRD, suggesting that financial markets judge the BRRD framework as credible. The decline in bank-sovereign risk transmission is particularly significant in the periphery Euro Area countries, especially Italy and Spain, where the bank-sovereign nexus was most pronounced during the sovereign debt crisis. We report that the lower bank-to-sovereign credit risk transmission is associated with the parliamentary approval of the BRRD and not with the OMT program launched by the ECB to affect sovereign yield spreads, nor with specific bail-in or bailout cases which occurred during the BRRD era. Finally, we document that the reduction in risk transmission is most pronounced for banks classified as a Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB), stressing the importance of additional capital buffers imposed by Basel III.

Between April 2021 and April 2025, the share price of Polish video game manufacturer CD Projekt fluctuated. The share price reached its high in April 2025 with more than *** zloty per stock.

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 2007 to 2022 for Cds Secondary vs. California and Los Angeles Unified School District

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) (WPU159C01011) from Dec 2010 to Jan 2019 about recording, miscellaneous, commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The corn distillers syrup (CDS) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand from various sectors. While precise market size figures are unavailable, considering a typical CAGR for similar food processing byproducts of around 5-7%, and a reasonable starting point (2025) of $500 million, the market is projected to reach approximately $750 million by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the expanding biofuels industry significantly contributes to CDS production as a byproduct, resulting in increased availability and potentially lower costs. Secondly, the rising demand for sweeteners in the food and beverage sector, particularly in applications requiring high fructose corn syrup alternatives, offers considerable growth potential. The versatility of CDS as a component in animal feed and industrial applications further expands its market reach. The competitive landscape includes established players like POET, LLC and Redfield Energy, alongside smaller regional producers. These companies are continuously striving for greater efficiency in production and exploring new applications to maintain their market positions. However, the market faces certain restraints. Fluctuations in corn prices, a key raw material, can significantly impact CDS production costs and profitability. Furthermore, evolving consumer preferences and growing concerns regarding added sugars in food products could potentially limit market expansion in certain segments. The industry is also subject to government regulations and policies related to biofuel production and food safety standards. To capitalize on future growth opportunities, companies within the CDS market must focus on cost-effective production, product diversification, and strategic partnerships to address these challenges and meet evolving market demands. This includes developing innovative applications of CDS and potentially investing in research and development to explore new functionalities and value-added products. The market segmentation likely involves different grades of CDS tailored for various applications and regional variations based on consumer preferences and regulatory standards.

Skapiec.pl is one of Poland's first price comparison engine, created in October 2004. The website allows Internet users to compare item prices and other purchase-related conditions, such as delivery costs. In the pop category for October 2024, "Jedno masz serce" was the most popular product in the comparison shopping engine. According to Skapiec.pl, the product could be purchased for ***** zloty at its lowest price.

This dataset contains the predicted prices of the asset Album over the next 16 years. This data is calculated initially using a default 5 percent annual growth rate, and after page load, it features a sliding scale component where the user can then further adjust the growth rate to their own positive or negative projections. The maximum positive adjustable growth rate is 100 percent, and the minimum adjustable growth rate is -100 percent.

United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Weights: LG: CDs and Tapes data was reported at 2.000 Per 1000 in 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 2.000 Per 1000 for 2017. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Weights: LG: CDs and Tapes data is updated yearly, averaging 5.000 Per 1000 from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2018, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.000 Per 1000 in 2003 and a record low of 2.000 Per 1000 in 2018. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Weights: LG: CDs and Tapes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.I012: Retail Price Index: Weights.

Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: CDS: Ham data was reported at 154.983 Jun2002=100 in Dec 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 154.710 Jun2002=100 for Nov 2010. Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: CDS: Ham data is updated monthly, averaging 35.223 Jun2002=100 from Jan 1973 (Median) to Dec 2010, with 456 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 154.983 Jun2002=100 in Dec 2010 and a record low of 0.063 Jun2002=100 in Jan 1973. Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: CDS: Ham data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Mexico. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.I005: Consumer Price Index: 2002=100.

7216 Global export shipment records of Cds Containing with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.

2275 Global import shipment records of Cds Containing with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 2022 to 2023 for Cds Home Street vs. California and Bishop Unified School District