Emissions data files by emission species (SO2, NOx, BC, OC, NH3, NMVOC, CO, CO2, CH4, N2O), country, and sector produced by the April-01-2024 release of CEDS.

See the CEDS GitHub site for details including journal paper reference information and any known issues with this data.

The three file bundles are:

CEDS_v_2024_04_01_aggregate.zip (global by sector, global by fuel, country total, country and sector)
CEDS_v_2024_04_01_detailed.zip (country, sector, and fuel)
CEDS_v_2024_04_01_supplementary_bunkers.zip (Additional detail for aviation and shipping by country)

(Metadata for this record is still under construction...)

Gridded data to be produced from the April release of the CEDS data system (CEDS v_2021_04_21). Data is in a format identical to the CMIP6 data on ESGF, but extends to 2019. This version is downscaled to 0.1 degrees largely using EDGAR emissions.

{"references": ["Hoesly, R. M., Smith, S. J., Feng, L., Klimont, Z., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Pitkanen, T., Seibert, J. J., Vu, L., Andres, R. J., Bolt, R. M., Bond, T. C., Dawidowski, L., Kholod, N., Kurokawa, J.-I., Li, M., Liu, L., Lu, Z., Moura, M. C. P., O'Rourke, P. R., and Zhang, Q. (2018) Historical (1750\u20132014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 369-408. doi: 10.5194/gmd-11-369-2018.", "Hoesly, R. P. O'Rourke, C. Braun, L. Feng, S. J. Smith, T. Pitkanen, J. J. Seibert, L. Vu, M. Presley, R. Bolt, B. Goldstein. (2019, December 23). JGCRI/CEDS: v-12-23-2019 (Version Dec-23-2019). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3592073"]} Emissions data files by emission species (SO2, NOx, BC, OC, NH3, NMVOC, CO, CO2, CH4, N2O), country, and sector produced by the Feb-05-2021 release of CEDS. See the CEDS GitHub site for details including journal paper reference information and known issues with this data.

CMIP6 Forcing Datasets (input4MIPs). These data include all datasets published for 'input4MIPs.CMIP6.CMIP.PNNL-JGCRI.CEDS-2016-07-26-sectorDim' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'activity_id.mip_era.target_mip.institution_id.source_id.realm.frequency.variable_id.grid_label'.

The model CEDS-2016-07-26-sectorDim (CEDS-2016-07-26-sectorDim) was run by the PNNL-JGCRI (PNNL-JGCRI) in native nominal resolutions: unknown.

Project: The forcing datasets (and boundary conditions) needed for CMIP6 experiments are being prepared by a number of different experts. Initially many of these datasets may only be available from those experts, but over time as part of the 'input4MIPs' activity most of them will be archived by PCMDI and served by the Earth System Grid Federation (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/input4mips/ ). More information is available in the living document: http://goo.gl/r8up31 . This data version 2016-07-26-sectorDim is deprecated. Please use the current version(s) 2017-05-18,2017-08-30,2017-10-05; see http://goo.gl/r8up31 for more information

CEDS v_2024_11_25 Release Gridded Emissions Data 0.5 degree

This Zenodo data entry is a documentation placeholder for the CEDS v_2024_11_25 0.5 degree gridded data released via ESGF.

*************

This release corrects files from CEDS v_2024_10_21 that have been redacted from and replaced on ESGF.

Bulk emissions for all species except NMVOC's and supplementary solid biofuel emissions files from CEDS v_2024_11_25 are up to date and available on ESGF.

Air emissions for all species, NMVOC bulk emissions, and supplementary speciated VOCs from CEDS v_2024_10_21 are up to date and available on ESGF.

*************

This data is derived from CEDS v_2024_07_08 aggregate emissions release, which includes emissions data files by emission species (SO2, NOx, BC, OC, NH3, NMVOC, CO, CO2, CH4, N2O), country, and sector produced by the July-08-2024 release of CEDS and released here:
https://zenodo.org/records/12803197

This data set can be accessed via ESGF, for detailed instructions on how to access and download, as well as data notes, see the README file attached.

See the CEDS GitHub site for details including journal paper reference information and any known issues with this data:
https://github.com/JGCRI/CEDS

This dataset contains two sets of gridded emissions of black carbon (BC) from 1750 to 2010, i.e., BB4CMIPpost on 0.25°×0.25° grid and LPJ-LMfirepost on 0.5°×0.5° grid. The new emission datasets are derived by inverse analysis that leveraged a global array of 31 ice core records of BC deposition fluxes, existing emission inventories as a priori estimates (BB4CMIP+CEDS for BB4CMIPpost, LPJ-LMfire+CEDS for LPJ-LMfirepost), and emission-deposition sensitivity simulated by chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. BB4CMIP is a historical biomass burning dataset based on satellite-based dataset (GFED4) after 1997, fire model results from FireMIP before the satellite era, and existing observational proxies (such as charcoal records and visibility observations) if available. LPJ-LMfire is a dynamic global vegetation model coupled with a fire module, with consideration of human influences on fire by hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, and farmers. CEDS is a historical emission dataset from anthropogenic fossil fuel and biofuel combustion. \ Ref of BB4CMIP:van Marle MJE, et al. Historic global biomass burning emissions for CMIP6 (BB4CMIP) based on merging satellite observations with proxies and fire models (1750–2015). Geosci Model Dev 10, 3329-3357 (2017). Ref of LPJ-LMfire:Liu P, et al. Improved estimates of preindustrial biomass burning reduce the magnitude of aerosol climate forcing in the Southern Hemisphere. Science Advances 7, eabc1379 (2021). Ref of CEDS:Hoesly RM, et al. Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). Geosci Model Dev 11, 369-408 (2018).

CEDS_GBD-MAPS: Global Anthropogenic Emission Inventory of NO_x, SO₂, CO, NH₃, NMVOCs, BC, and OC from 1970-2017

version tag: 2020_v1.0 (April 2020)

Annual anthropogenic emissions of 7 key atmospheric pollutants from 1970 - 2017, produced using the Community Emissions Data System, updated for the Global Burden of Disease - Major Air Pollution Sources project (CEDS_GBD-MAPS).

Emissions are provided for NO_x, SO₂, CO, NH₃, NMVOCs, Black Carbon (BC), and Organic Carbon (OC) from 11 anthropogenic sectors and four fuel categories as both annual country totals and global gridded emission fluxes (0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution).
Note: The CEDS_GBD-MAPS inventory does not include emissions from open fires or aircraft.
Sectors:
1. Agriculture (non-combustion sources only, excludes open fires)
2. Energy (transformation and extraction)
3. Industry (combustion and non-combustion processes)
4. On-Road Transportation
5. Off-Road/Non-Road Transportation (rail, domestic navigation, other)
6. Residential Combustion
7. Commercial Combustion
8. Other Combustion
9. Solvents
10. Waste (disposal and handling)
11. International Shipping
Fuel Categories:
1. Total Coal Combustion (hard coal + brown coal + coal coke)
2. Solid Biofuel Combustion
3. Liquid Fuel (light oil + heavy oil + diesel oil) plus Natural Gas Combustion
4. CEDS Process Source Categories (see McDuffie, et al., (ESSD) 2020) for further details.
Note: Total anthropogenic emissions = the sum of fuel categories 1-4

Zip File Details:
The CEDS_GBD-MAPS inventory is available in three different formats:

1. CEDS_GBD-MAPS_annual_country_total_emissions_by_sector_fuel_1970-2017.zip

• Zip file contains 7 .csv files that each contain a complete times series (1970-2017) of total annual anthropogenic emissions of each compound from each country, as a function of 11 anthropogenic sectors and 4 fuel categories.
• Emissions are in units of kt yr^-1 and include NO_x (as NO₂), CO, SO₂, NH₃, total NMVOCs, BC, and OC

2. CEDS_GBD-MAPS_gridded_emissions_by_sector_fuel_[year].zip

• Each .zip file contains 145 netCDF files of annual anthropogenic global gridded emission fluxes, reported as a function of 11 anthropogenic sectors and 5 fuel categories (1 file per compound per fuel category, plus 1 file for the sum of all fuel categories)
• Emission fluxes are in units of kg m^-2 s^-1 and include NO_x (as NO), CO, SO₂, NH₃, 25 speciated VOCs, BC, and OC
• Emission fluxes are provided as monthly averages and have been formatted for use in the GEOS-Chem model (http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/).
• Example: ALD2-em-liquid-fuel-plus-natural-gas_CEDS_1970.nc inside the CEDS_GBD-MAPS_gridded_emissions_by_sector_fuel_1970.zip file provides monthly emission fluxes in 1970 for the subVOC ALD2 that result from the combustion of liquid fuel and natural gas in each of the 11 source sectors.

3. CEDS_GBD-MAPS_[compound]_gridded_total_anthro_emissions_by_sector_input4CMIP_1970-2017.zip

• compound = [BC_OC], [CO_NOx_SO2_NH3], [speciated_NMVOCs_01-04], [speciated_NMVOCs_05-08], [speciated_NMVOCs_09-14], [speciated_NMVOCs_15-18], [speciated_NMVOCs_19-22], or [speciated_NMVOCs_23-25]
• Each .zip file contains between 2 - 4 netCDF files (1 per compound) of anthropogenic global gridded emission fluxes from 1970-2017, as a function of 11 anthropogenic sectors only (no disaggregation of fuel categories)
• netCDF files follow the CEDS CMIP6 gridded emissions format. More information available at:
  http://www.globalchange.umd.edu/ceds/ceds-cmip6-data/
• Emission fluxes are in units of kg m^-2 s^-1 and include NO_x (as NO₂), CO, SO₂, NH₃, 25 speciated VOCs, BC, and OC
• Emission fluxes are provides as monthly averages
• Note: Zip files are group by compound only as a means to reduce the zipped file sizes. The file format for each compound is the same.

*Additional data details are provided in the README.txt file*

*Version 2020_v1.0 of this dataset was produced to accompany the following manuscript:
McDuffie, E. E., S. J. Smith, P. O'Rourke, K. Tibrewal, C. Venkataraman, E. A. Marais, B. Zheng, M. Crippa, M. Brauer, R. V. Martin, A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel- specific sources (1970- 2017): An application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), Earth System Science Data, Submitted

CMIP6 Forcing Datasets (input4MIPs). These data include all datasets published for 'input4MIPs.CMIP6.CMIP.PNNL-JGCRI.CEDS-2016-06-18-sectorDimV2' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'activity_id.mip_era.target_mip.institution_id.source_id.realm.frequency.variable_id.grid_label'.

The model CEDS-2016-06-18-sectorDimV2 (CEDS-2016-06-18-sectorDimV2) was run by the PNNL-JGCRI (PNNL-JGCRI) in native nominal resolutions: unknown.

Project: The forcing datasets (and boundary conditions) needed for CMIP6 experiments are being prepared by a number of different experts. Initially many of these datasets may only be available from those experts, but over time as part of the 'input4MIPs' activity most of them will be archived by PCMDI and served by the Earth System Grid Federation (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/input4mips/ ). More information is available in the living document: http://goo.gl/r8up31 . This data version 2016-06-18-sectorDimV2 is deprecated. Please use the current version(s) 2017-05-18,2017-08-30,2017-10-05; see http://goo.gl/r8up31 for more information

2014-2015 Snapshot of the full CEDS_GBD-MAPS dataset (available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3754964)

CEDS_GBD-MAPS Snapshot: Annual anthropogenic emissions of 7 key atmospheric pollutants from Dec 2014 - Feb 2015, produced using the Community Emissions Data System, updated for the Global Burden of Disease - Major Air Pollution Sources project (CEDS_GBD-MAPS).

Emissions are provided for NO_x, SO₂, CO, NH₃, NMVOCs, Black Carbon (BC), and Organic Carbon (OC) from 11 anthropogenic sectors and four fuel categories as both annual country totals and global gridded emission fluxes (0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution).
Note: The CEDS_GBD-MAPS inventory does not include emissions from open fires or aircraft.
Sectors:
1. Agriculture (non-combustion sources only, excludes open fires)
2. Energy (transformation and extraction)
3. Industry (combustion and non-combustion processes)
4. On-Road Transportation
5. Off-Road/Non-Road Transportation (rail, domestic navigation, other)
6. Residential Combustion
7. Commercial Combustion
8. Other Combustion
9. Solvents
10. Waste (disposal and handling)
11. International Shipping
Fuel Categories:
1. Total Coal Combustion (hard coal + brown coal + coal coke)
2. Solid Biofuel Combustion
3. Liquid Fuel (light oil + heavy oil + diesel oil) plus Natural Gas Combustion
4. CEDS Process Source Categories (see McDuffie, et al., (ESSD) 2020) for further details.
Note: Total anthropogenic emissions = the sum of fuel categories 1-4

Zip File Details:
Consistent with the full CEDS_GBD-MAPS inventory, emissions are available here in three different formats:

1. CEDS_GBD-MAPS_Snapshot_annual_country_total_emissions_by_sector_fuel_2014-2015.zip

• Zip file contains 7 .csv files that each contain total annual anthropogenic emissions of each compound from each country for 2014 and 2015, as a function of 11 anthropogenic sectors and 4 fuel categories.
• Emissions are in units of kt yr^-1 and include NO_x (as NO₂), CO, SO₂, NH₃, total NMVOCs, BC, and OC
• NOTE: Emissions include the entire Jan 2014 - Dec 2015 time period

2. CEDS_GBD-MAPS_Snapshot_gridded_emissions_by_sector_fuel_DJF_2014-2015.zip

• Zip file contains 145 netCDF files of anthropogenic global gridded emission fluxes, reported as a function of 11 anthropogenic sectors and 5 fuel categories (1 file per compound per fuel category, plus 1 file for the sum of all fuel categories)
• Monthly data are provided for Dec 2014 - Feb 2015 and have been formatted for use in the GEOS-Chem model (http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/).
• Emission fluxes are in units of kg m^-2 s^-1 and include NO_x (as NO), CO, SO₂, NH₃, 25 speciated VOCs, BC, and OC
• Example: ALD2-em-liquid-fuel-plus-natural-gas_CEDS_DJF_2014-2015.nc provides emission fluxes (Dec 2014, Jan 2015, Feb 2015) for the subVOC ALD2 that result from the combustion of liquid fuel and natural gas in each of the 11 source sectors.

3. CEDS_GBD-MAPS_Snapshot_gridded_total_anthro_emissions_by_sector_input4CMIP_DJF_2014-2015.zip

• Zip file contains 29 netCDF files (1 per compound) of anthropogenic global gridded emission monthly fluxes for Dec 2014 - Feb 2015, as a function of 11 anthropogenic sectors only (no disaggregation of fuel categories)
• netCDF files follow the CEDS CMIP6 gridded emissions format. More information available at:
  http://www.globalchange.umd.edu/ceds/ceds-cmip6-data/
• Emission fluxes are in units of kg m^-2 s^-1 and include NO_x (as NO₂), CO, SO₂, NH₃, 25 speciated VOCs, BC, and OC

*Additional data details are provided in the README.txt file*

*Version 2020_sv1.0 of this dataset was produced to accompany the following manuscript:
McDuffie, E. E., S. J. Smith, P. O'Rourke, K. Tibrewal, C. Venkataraman, E. A. Marais, B. Zheng, M. Crippa, M. Brauer, R. V. Martin, A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel- specific sources (1970- 2017): An application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), Earth System Science Data, Submitted

In this study, we use the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 with chemistry (CAM6-Chem), along with the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Global Anthropogenic Emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT), and Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants version 6b (ECLIPSEv6b) inventory, to investigate the impacts of air quality and human health for the year 2015.

To better understand the reasons for this deterioration in air quality in several cities in China, and to assess the effectiveness of past, current and planned targeted pollution control strategies, we developed an integrated anthropogenic emissions inventory (CINEI). The CINEI emissions were derived from the existing national inventory of The Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) specifically for mainland China and global inventory of The Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) for areas outside China at 0.25° resolution. In order to obtain harmonized data, our inventory takes into account differences in spatial emission mapping as same spatial resolution and source mapping (sectoral information) based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) activity sector. We include the power generation, transport, industry, residential sectors from national inventory (MEIC), as well as the national-omitted sectors from global inventories, which include shipping (from inventory of The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service emissions, CAMs), aviation (from inventory of Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution, HTAP), agriculture (from HTAP), and waste (from CEDS). In addition, we applied observed source profiles for non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and aim to improve the representation for NMVOC speciation. NMVOC speciation is unified as the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers mechanism (MOZART), which is widely used by global and regional chemistry and transport models (CTMs). CINEI includes 8 sectoral emission, 25 species (inorganic gas, NMVOCs gas, and particulate matter), and covers east Asia (70.125°E to 149.875°E and 10.125°N to 59.875°N). The CINEI dataset provides monthly data in 2017, with 0.25 spatial resolution. Therefore, our CINEI inventory improves the representation in emission sectors and spatial distribution, and facilitates the simulation in CTMs. The unit of Particulate Mass, and inorganic gas files is ton per grid per month.The unit of other NMVOC files is million mole per grid per month, and the molecular mass weight is indicated in data attribution.

CMIP6 Forcing Datasets (input4MIPs). These data include all datasets published for 'input4MIPs.CMIP6.CMIP.PNNL-JGCRI.CEDS-2017-08-30' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'activity_id.mip_era.target_mip.institution_id.source_id.realm.frequency.variable_id.grid_label'.

The model CEDS-2017-08-30 (CEDS-2017-08-30) was run by the PNNL-JGCRI (PNNL-JGCRI) in native nominal resolutions: unknown.

Project: The forcing datasets (and boundary conditions) needed for CMIP6 experiments are being prepared by a number of different experts. Initially many of these datasets may only be available from those experts, but over time as part of the 'input4MIPs' activity most of them will be archived by PCMDI and served by the Earth System Grid Federation (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/input4mips/ ). More information is available in the living document: http://goo.gl/r8up31 .

Emissions data files by emission species (SO2, NOx, BC, OC, NH3, NMVOC, CO, CO2, CH4), country, and sector produced by the Dec-23-2019 release of CEDS (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3592073).

See the CEDS GitHub site for details.

These represent incremental updates to the data described in Hoesly et al. (2018).

Data Summary: EQUATES: EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series Project The US EPA developed a set of modeled meteorology, emissions, air quality and pollutant deposition spanning the years 2002 through 2019. Modeled datasets cover the Conterminous US (CONUS) at a 12km horizontal grid spacing (12US1) and the Northern Hemisphere at a 108km (108NHEMI) using WRFv4.1.1 for meteorology and CMAQv5.3.2 for air quality modeling. New hemispheric and North American emissions inventories were developed using, to the extent possible, consistent input data and methods across all years, including emissions from mobile, fire, and oil and gas sources. Collectively these model outputs represent 100s of TB of data. We have selected a subset of the model input and output datasets that we hope will be most useful to the air quality research community. These datasets include: 2002-2017 monthly and annual emissions totals for 9 pollutants: NOX, SO2, CO, PM2.5, primary organic carbon (POC), primary elemental carbon (PEC), VOC, non-methane organic gases (NMOG), NH3 Emissions inventory files for the CONUS for 2002-2019 suitable for input into the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) emission processor CMAQ-ready emissions, initial conditions and boundary condition input files for the 12US1 domain for 2013-2019 CMAQ-ready meteorology files for the 12US1 domain for 2002-2019. Matched surface meteorology model output with surface observations for 2002-2019 Daily average CMAQ estimated concentration for 14 pollutants for the 12US1 domain for 2002-2019 Annual total CMAQ estimated deposition (wet and dry) for the 12US1 domain for 2002-2019 Daily average 3D CMAQ output for 44 layers for the 108NHEMI domain for 2009–2019 Note: The 2002-2017 emissions summary files are included as part of this Dataverse repository as zipped comma separated ASCII files. (Note, 2018 and 2019 emission summary data are not included but are available upon request.) This repository also includes two zip files with the CMAQ source code used for running CMAQ on the 12US1 and 108NHEMI domains. The remaining modeling datasets are on either the Google Drive or the AWS Open Data Program. The metadata associated with this DOI contain the link to the Google Drive folder and instructions for downloading the modeling data. File Location and Download Instructions on Google Drive: Link to EQUATES Data Dictionary and Data Use Statement Link to EQUATES emissions, meteorology, and air quality data Link to sample scripts for downloading EQUATES datasets Link to EQUATES tutorial and sample run scripts for running CMAQ with EQUATES input data Publication on EQUATES emissions: Foley et al. (2023) Please direct questions about the EQUATES datasets to the CMAS User Forum EQUATES category. File Location and Download Instructions on AWS Open Data Program: EQUATES Data on Open Data Program EQUATES Data Dictionary Instructions to download data from AWS Open Data Program Simulation Settings and Inputs: Meteorology Inputs for 108NHEMI and 12US1 CMAQ Simulations Model: Weather Research Forecast model, version 4.1.1 (WRF v4.1.1) Land Cover: 500m MODIS Sea surface temperature data (12US1 only): NAM SST Wind data (12US1 only): VAD Data assimilation analysis fields for 108NHEM: GFS 1 degree data for 2002-2019 Data assimilation analysis fields for 12US1: 40km AWIP for 2002-2005; 12km NAM for 2006-2019 with ERA data used when NAM data was missing WRF v4.1.1 options: Morrison Microphysics; RRTMG longwave and shortwave radiation; Pleim Surface Layer; Pleim-Xiu Land-Surface model; ACM2 Boundary layer mixing; Kain-Fritsch + Ma and Tan (2009) trigger 2 (KF2) for sub-grid convection scheme; 3-D grid nudging (GRID_FDDA) and indirect soil nudging (pxlsm_soil_nudge); no lightning assimilation WRF post-processing: Meteorology-Chemistry Input Processor (MCIP) v5.0. Emissions Inputs for 108NHEMI CMAQ Simulation US Anthropogenic emissions: EQUATES 12km emissions gridded for the 108 km domain Non-US Anthropogenic emissions: 2010 HTAP with country/sector/year scaling factors based on CEDS data used to create emissions for 2002-2009 and 2011-2014. 2015-2017 emissions created using CEDS scaling factors for 2014 (i.e., emissions trends are flat for 2014-2017). Emissions for 2018 and 2019 were developed at a later date and are based on 2010 HTAP with country/sector/year scaling factors based on CEDS version 2021 04 21 . Emissions supplemented with Canada emissions from Environment and Climate Change Canada and China emissions from Zhao et al. (2018) Lightning NO: GEIA based monthly climatology using vertical profiles applied by season and latitude Fire emissions: SMARTFIRE2 and BlueSky Pipeline (U.S.) and FINNv1.5 (non-U.S.) Biogenic VOC: Hourly CAMSv2.1 data (Sindelarova et al.; extension of Megan2.1) for 2002-2019 based on monthly mean values with diurnal scaling factors Soil NO: Hourly CAMSv2.1 data (CAMS_D81.3.8.2; extension of Yienger and Levy (1995)) for 2002-2019 based on monthly...

This dataset contains the data contributed by EPA/ORD/NERL/CED researchers to the manuscript "Influence of anthropogenic emissions and boundary conditions on multi-model simulations of major air pollutants over Europe and North America in the framework of AQMEII3" led by Dr. Ulas Im of Aarhus University in Denmark. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Im, U., J. Christensen, C. Geels, K. Hansen, J. Brandt, E. Solazzo, U. Alyuz, A. Balzarini, R. Baro, R. Bellasio, R. Bianconi, J. Bieser, A. Colette, G. Curci, A. Farrow, J. Flemming, A. Fraser, P. Jimenez-Guerrero, N. Kitwiroon, P. Liu, U. Nopmongcol, L. Palacios-Peña, G. Pirovano, L. Pozolli, M. Prank, R. Rose, R. Sokhi, P. Tuccella, A. Unal, M. Garcia Vivanco, G. Yarwood, C. Hogrefe, and S. Galmarini. Influence of anthropogenic emissions and boundary conditions on multi-model simulations of major air pollutants over Europe and North America in the framework of AQMEII3. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Copernicus Publications, Katlenburg-Lindau, GERMANY, 18: 8929-8952, (2018).

Emissions data files by emission species (SO2, NOx, BC, OC, NH3, NMVOC, CO, CO2, CH4, N2O), country, and sector produced by the April-21-2021 release of CEDS. This release updates some emissions species for four isos (Australia, Canada, South Korea, and Taiwan).

See the CEDS GitHub site for details including journal paper reference information and any known issues with this data.

Recommended citation

Gütschow, J.; Busch, D.; Pflüger, M. (2024): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series v2.6.1 (1750-2023). zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.15016289.

Gütschow, J.; Jeffery, L.; Gieseke, R.; Gebel, R.; Stevens, D.; Krapp, M.; Rocha, M. (2016): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016

Content

• Use of the dataset and full description
• Abstract
• Support
• Sources
• Files included in the dataset
• Notes
• Data format description (columns)
• References
• Changelog

Abstract

The PRIMAP-hist dataset combines several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of greenhouse gas emission pathways for every country and Kyoto gas, covering the years 1750 to 2023, and almost all UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) member states as well as most non-UNFCCC territories. The data resolves the main IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2006 categories. For CO2, CH4, and N2O subsector data for Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU), and Agriculture are available. The "country reported data priority" (CR) scenario of the PRIMAP-hist datset prioritizes data that individual countries report to the UNFCCC.

For developed countries, AnnexI in terms of the UNFCCC, this is the data submitted anually in the "National Inventory Submissions". Until 2023 data was submitted in the "Common Reporting Format" (CRF). Since 2024 the new "Common Reporting Tables" (CRT) are used. For developing countries, non-AnnexI in terms of the UNFCCC, we use the "Biannial Transparency Reports" (BTR) which mostly come with data also using the "Common Reporting Tables". We also use older data available through the UNFCCC DI portal (di.unfccc.int) and additional country submissions from "Biannial Update Reports" (BUR), "National Communications" (NC), and "National Inventory Reports" (NIR) read from pdf and where available xls(x) or csv files. For a list of these submissions please see below. For South Korea the 2023 official GHG inventory has not yet been submitted to the UNFCCC but is included in PRIMAP-hist. PRIMAP-hist also includes official data for Taiwan which is not recognized as a party to the UNFCCC. We have mostly replaced the official data that has not been submitted to the UNFCCC used in v2.6 as countries have now submitted their data in CRT format, but had to make some exceptions as the CRT data was not usable for all countries.

Gaps in the country reported data are filled using third party data such as CDIAC, EI (fossil CO2), Andrew cement emissions data (cement), FAOSTAT (agriculture), and EDGAR 2024 (all sectors for CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3, except energy CO2). Lower priority data are harmonized to higher priority data in the gap-filling process.

For the third party priority time series gaps in the third party data are filled from country reported data sources.

Data for earlier years which are not available in the above mentioned sources are sourced from EDGAR-HYDE, CEDS, and RCP (N2O only) historical emissions.

The v2.4 release of PRIMAP-hist reduced the time-lag from 2 to 1 years for the October release. Thus the present version 2.6.1 includes data for 2023. For energy CO2 growth rates from the EI Statistical Review of World Energy are used to extend the country reported (CR) or CDIAC (TP) data to 2023. For CO2 from cement production Andrew cement data are used. For other gases and sectors we use EDGAR 2024 data. In a few cases we have to rely on numerical methods to estimate emissions for 2023.

Version 2.6.1 of the PRIMAP-hist dataset does not include emissions from Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) in the main file. LULUCF data are included in the file with increased number of significant digits and have to be used with care as they are constructed from different sources using different methodologies and are not harmonized.

The PRIMAP-hist v2.6.1 dataset is an updated version of

Gütschow, J.; Pflüger, M.; Busch, D. (2024): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series v2.6 (1750-2023). zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.13752654.

The Changelog indicates the most important changes. You can also check the issue tracker on github.com/JGuetschow/PRIMAP-hist for additional information on issues found after the release of the dataset. Detailed per country information is available from the detailed changelog which is available on the primap.org website and on zenodo.

Use of the dataset and full description

Before using the dataset, please read this document and the article describing the methodology, especially the section on uncertainties and the section on limitations of the method and use of the dataset.

Gütschow, J.; Jeffery, L.; Gieseke, R.; Gebel, R.; Stevens, D.; Krapp, M.; Rocha, M. (2016): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016

Please notify us (johannes.guetschow@climate-resource.com) if you use the dataset so that we can keep track of how it is used and take that into consideration when updating and improving the dataset.

When using this dataset or one of its updates, please cite the DOI of the precise version of the dataset used and also the data description article which this dataset is supplement to (see above). Please consider also citing the relevant original sources when using the PRIMAP-hist dataset. See the full citations in the References section further below.

Since version 2.3 we use the data formats developed for the PRIMAP2 climate policy analysis suite: PRIMAP2 on GitHub. The data are published both in the interchange format which consists of a csv file with the data and a yaml file with additional metadata and the native NetCDF based format. For a detailed description of the data format we refer to the PRIMAP2 documentation.

We have also included files with more than three significant digits. These files are mainly aimed at people doing policy analysis using the country reported data scenario (HISTCR). Using the high precision data they can avoid questions on discrepancies with the reported data. The uncertainties of emissions data do not justify the additional significant digits and they might give a false sense of accuracy, so please use this version of the dataset with extra care.

Support

If you encounter possible errors or other things that should be noted, please check our issue tracker at github.com/JGuetschow/PRIMAP-hist and report your findings there. Please use the tag "v2.6.1" in any issue you create regarding this dataset.

If you need support in using the dataset or have any other questions regarding the dataset, please contact johannes.guetschow@climate-resource.com.

Climate Resource makes this data available CC BY 4.0 licence. Free support is limited to simple questions and non-commercial users. We also provide additional data, and data support services to clients wanting more frequent updates, additional metadata or to integrate these datasets into their workflows. Get in touch at contact@climate-resource.com if you are interested.

Sources

• Global CO2 emissions from cement production v250226 data, paper: Andrew
  (2025), Andrew (2019)
• EI Statistical Review of World Energy website: Energy Institute (2024)
• CDIAC data: Hefner and Marland (2023), data: Hefner (2024), paper: Gilfillan and Marland (2021)
• CEDS: data: Hoesly et al. (2020), paper: Hoesly et al. (2018)
• EDGAR 2024: data/website: European Commission, European Commision, JRC (2024), report: European Commission. Joint Research Centre & IEA. (2024)
• EDGAR-HYDE 1.4 data: Van Aardenne et al. (2001), Olivier and Berdowski (2001)
• FAOSTAT database data: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2024)
• RCP historical data data, paper: Meinshausen et al. (2011)
• UNFCCC National Communications and National Inventory Reports for developing countries available from the UNFCCC DI portal <a

This dataset provides observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) amounts obtained from observations collected by several current and historical satellite instruments. Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring Greenhouse Gas (GHG), but one whose abundance has been increased substantially above its pre-industrial value of some 280 ppm by human activities, primarily because of emissions from combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation and other land-use change. The annual cycle (especially in the northern hemisphere) is primarily due to seasonal uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 by terrestrial vegetation. Atmospheric carbon dioxide abundance is indirectly observed by various satellite instruments. These instruments measure spectrally resolved near-infrared and/or infrared radiation reflected or emitted by the Earth and its atmosphere. In the measured signal, molecular absorption signatures from carbon dioxide and other constituent gasses can be identified. It is through analysis of those absorption lines in these radiance observations that the averaged carbon dioxide abundance in the sampled atmospheric column can be determined. The software used to analyse the absorption lines and determine the carbon dioxide concentration in the sampled atmospheric column is referred to as the retrieval algorithm. For this dataset, carbon dioxide abundances have been determined by applying several algorithms to different satellite instruments. Typically, different algorithms have different strengths and weaknesses and therefore, which product to use for a given application typically depends on the application. The data set consists of 2 types of products:

column-averaged mixing ratios of CO2, denoted XCO2 mid-tropospheric CO2 columns.

The XCO2 products have been retrieved from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT, TANSO-FTS/GOSAT, TANSO-FTS2/GOSAT2 and OCO-2. The mid-tropospheric CO2 product has been retrieved from the IASI instruments on-board the Metop satellite series and from AIRS. The XCO2 products are available as Level 2 (L2) products (satellite orbit tracks) and as Level 3 (L3) product (gridded). The L2 products are available as individual sensor products (SCIAMACHY: BESD and WFMD algorithms; GOSAT: OCFP and SRFP algorithms) and as a multi-sensor merged product (EMMA algorithm). The L3 XCO2 product is provided in OBS4MIPS format. The IASI and AIRS products are available as L2 products generated with the NLIS algorithm. This data set is updated on a yearly basis, with each update cycle adding (if required) a new data version for the entire period, up to one year behind real time. This dataset is produced on behalf of C3S with the exception of the SCIAMACHY and AIRS L2 products that were generated in the framework of the GHG-CCI project of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI).

Data for Figure 6.3 from Chapter 6 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).

Figure 6.3 shows relative regional and sectoral contributions to the present day (year 2014) anthropogenic emissions of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs).

How to cite this dataset

When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Szopa, S., V. Naik, B. Adhikary, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, W.D. Collins, S. Fuzzi, L. Gallardo, A. Kiendler-Scharr, Z. Klimont, H. Liao, N. Unger, and P. Zanis, 2021: Short-Lived Climate Forcers. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 817–922, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.008.

Figure subpanels

The figure has two panels with data provided for all panels in one single file.

List of data provided

This dataset contains emission data from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS; Hoesly et al., 2018) aggregated into the following sectors:

• fossil fuel production and distribution (coal mining, oil and gas production, upstream gas flaring, gas distribution networks),
• fossil fuel combustion for energy (power plants),
• residential and commercial (fossil and biofuel use for cooking and heating),
• industry (combustion and production processes, solvent-use losses from production and end use),
• transport (road and off-road vehicles),
• shipping (including international shipping),
• aviation (including international aviation),
• agriculture (livestock and crop production),
• waste management (solid waste, including landfills and open trash burning, residential and industrial waste water),
• other.

Data provided in relation to figure

• Datafile: 'Fig_6_3_numbers.csv' . Panel a: Regional contribution, rows 41 to 59 (10 regions+8 species) . Panel b: Sector contribution, rows 17 to 35. (10 sectors and 8 pollutants)

  In both panels: . Column 2: S02 . Column 3: NOx . Column 4: BC . Column 5: OC . Column 6: CO . Column 7: VOC . Column 8: NH3 . Column 9: CH4

Sources of additional information

The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 6) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 6, which contains details on the input data used in Table 6.SM.3

Release of gridded greenhouse gas emissions from 2000-2019 based on the 2021_04_21 CEDS release with direct inclusion of point sources as time series. This dataset contains just the primary emissions species covered by CEDS, both at 0.5° and 0.1° spatial resolution. Data for speciated VOC emissions can be found in the companion dataset, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7526534.

*Version 2 soon to be released, fixing an error of some missing point sources.*