This data collection provides county- and state-level information on the number of members of a variety of religious organizations and groups in the United States between 1906 and 1936. The variables in this collection provide the names of these groups and organizations, which include the Advent Christian Church, Southern and National Convention Baptist churches, Buddhist (Japanese) temples, Evangelical Association, Jewish congregations, Greek Orthodox Church, Mennonite Church, Friends Church, Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene, Polish National Church, Roman Catholic Church, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventist, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Russian Eastern Orthodox Church, Mennonite General Conference, Hungarian Reformed Church, Unitarian Church, Negro Baptist Church, and Evangelical Church.

Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Bahia: Bom Jesus da Serra data was reported at 10,113.000 Person in 2010. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10,295.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Bahia: Bom Jesus da Serra data is updated yearly, averaging 10,398.500 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11,901.000 Person in 1996 and a record low of 10,113.000 Person in 2010. Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Bahia: Bom Jesus da Serra data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC045: Population Census: by Municipality: Northeast: Bahia.

Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Bom Jesus da Penha data was reported at 3,887.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,787.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Bom Jesus da Penha data is updated yearly, averaging 3,655.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,887.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 3,290.000 Person in 1996. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Bom Jesus da Penha data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC054: Population Census: by Municipality: Southeast: Minas Gerais.

Abstract

This dataset includes all individuals from the 1870 US census.

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Documentation

This dataset was developed through a collaboration between the Minnesota Population Center and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The data contain demographic variables, economic variables, migration variables and race variables. Unlike more recent census datasets, pre-1900 census datasets only contain individual level characteristics and no household or family characteristics, but household and family identifiers do exist.

The official enumeration day of the 1870 census was 1 June 1870. The main goal of an early census like the 1870 U.S. census was to allow Congress to determine the collection of taxes and the appropriation of seats in the House of Representatives. Each district was assigned a U.S. Marshall who organized other marshals to administer the census. These enumerators visited households and recorder names of every person, along with their age, sex, color, profession, occupation, value of real estate, place of birth, parental foreign birth, marriage, literacy, and whether deaf, dumb, blind, insane or “idiotic”.

Sources: Szucs, L.D. and Hargreaves Luebking, S. (1997). Research in Census Records, The Source: A Guidebook of American Genealogy. Ancestry Incorporated, Salt Lake City, UT Dollarhide, W.(2000). The Census Book: A Genealogist’s Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules and Indexes. Heritage Quest, Bountiful, UT

Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Bahia: Santo Antônio de Jesus data was reported at 90,985.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 84,256.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Bahia: Santo Antônio de Jesus data is updated yearly, averaging 80,812.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 90,985.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 71,932.000 Person in 1996. Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Bahia: Santo Antônio de Jesus data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC045: Population Census: by Municipality: Northeast: Bahia.

This study, designed and carried out by the "http://www.asarb.org/" Target="_blank">Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), compiled data on 372 religious bodies by county in the United States. Of these, the ASARB was able to gather data on congregations and adherents for 217 religious bodies and on congregations only for 155. Participating bodies included 354 Christian denominations, associations, or communions (including Latter-day Saints, Messianic Jews, and Unitarian/Universalist groups); counts of Jain, Shinto, Sikh, Tao, Zoroastrian, American Ethical Union, and National Spiritualist Association congregations, and counts of congregations and adherents from Baha'i, three Buddhist groupings, two Hindu groupings, four Jewish groupings, and Muslims. The 372 groups reported a total of 356,642 congregations with 161,224,088 adherents, comprising 48.6 percent of the total U.S. population of 331,449,281. Membership totals were estimated for some religious groups.

In January 2024, the ARDA added 21 religious tradition (RELTRAD) variables to this dataset. These variables start at variable #12 (TOTCNG_2020). Categories were assigned based on pages 88-94 in the original "https://www.usreligioncensus.org/index.php/node/1638" Target="_blank">2020 U.S. Religion Census Report.

Visit the "https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/sources-for-religious-congregations-membership-data" Target="_blank">frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data sources.

Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Coração de Jesus data was reported at 26,033.000 Person in 2010. This records a decrease from the previous number of 26,131.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Coração de Jesus data is updated yearly, averaging 26,082.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,940.000 Person in 1996 and a record low of 25,729.000 Person in 2000. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Coração de Jesus data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC054: Population Census: by Municipality: Southeast: Minas Gerais.

Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Bom Jesus do Galho data was reported at 15,364.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,198.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Bom Jesus do Galho data is updated yearly, averaging 15,768.500 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,254.000 Person in 1996 and a record low of 15,198.000 Person in 2007. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Bom Jesus do Galho data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC054: Population Census: by Municipality: Southeast: Minas Gerais.

Comprehensive demographic dataset for Sacre-Coeur-De-Jesus, QC, CA including population statistics, household income, housing units, education levels, employment data, and transportation with year-over-year changes.

Brazil Population Census: South: Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus data was reported at 11,519.000 Person in 2010. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11,843.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: South: Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus data is updated yearly, averaging 11,928.500 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12,333.000 Person in 1996 and a record low of 11,519.000 Person in 2010. Brazil Population Census: South: Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC058: Population Census: by Municipality: South: Rio Grande do Sul.

The SWDA Inequalities Dataset consist on results of Safe Drinking Water Access - SDWA indicators and inequalities indexes obtained by an adapted Lorenz Curve approach calculated for all Brazilian municipalities.The main datasource is the Brazillian 2010 Demographic Census, which is the last Population Census data publicaly available. The SDWA indicators are weighted by the SDWA values corresponding to census tracts considering permanent private household residents (Eq. 2). The safe drinking water sources are: (i) general water distribution network; (ii) well or spring located on the property; (iii) rainwater stored in a cistern, cement box, etc.; (iv) or well or spring outside the property, tank car, rainwater stored otherwise, river, dam, lake or stream, or another form of water supply. Considering that these drinking water sources differ in terms of accessibility, availability and water quality, the AHP Method was applied to obtain different weights for each form of water access (Eq. 1).

The Gini Index (G_water), Concentration Coefficient (C_water) and Dissimilarity Index (D_water), were adapted to analyze inequalities in SDWA. The Safe Drinking Water Concentration Index is obtained from the Lorenz Curve, with the percentage of residents in permanent households accumulated and ordered by per capita income in the abscissa of the graph (Eq. 3). The per capita income is obtained by the ratio between the total nominal monthly income and the number of residents of the permanent households of each census tract. The Safe Drinking Water Gini Index was similarly adapted, with the residents accumulated and ordered by the safe drinking water rate in the abscissa of the graph (Eq. 4). The ratios between Upper and Lower Quintiles (R_8020) were obtained for each municipality, that is, the relationship between the rates of SDWA for permanent private households that represent 20% of the residents with the highest average per capita income (4th quintile represented by Q4) and the most economically unfavorable 20% (1st quintile represented by Q1) (Eq. 5). The Safe Drinking Water Dissimilarity Index is calculated by the weighted average of the absolute difference of the SDWA indicator of each quintile of the average per capita income and the average rate (Eq. 6). The inequalities indexes are also presented as normalized values (G_water_norm, C_water_norm, R_8020_norm, D_water_norm).

(t_{water} = 0.376*t_{piped} + 0.309*t_{well} + 0.274*t_{cistern} + 0.041*t_{others} \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 1) )

(0.041 \leq t_{water} \leq 0.368)

(t_{piped} + t_{well} + t_{cistern} + t_{others} = 1)

t is the relationship between residents in permanent private households with access (piped, well, cistern and/or other) and the total number of residents in permanent private households.

(SDWA = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (t_{water_{norm_i}}*p_i)}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(p_i)} \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 2))

considering the percentage of residents in permanent private households of each sector (pi) and the number of census tracts (n).

(C_{water} = (p_{r_i}*t_{water_{norm_{i+1}}} - p_{r_{i+1}}*t_{water_{norm_{i}}}) + ... + (p_{r_{i-1}}*t_{water_{norm_{i}}} - p_{r_i}*t_{water_{norm_{i-1}}}) \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 3))

where (p_{r_i}) stand for a percentage of residents in permanent private households ordered by average income per capita, with Cwater ranging between -1 and 1.

(G_{water} = 1 - {\sum_{i=1}^{n}(p_{w_i}-p_{w_{i-1}})*(t_{water_{norm_i}} + t_{water_{norm_{i-1}}}}) \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 4))

where (p_{w_i}) is the percentage of residents in permanent private households ordered by the weighted water access rate ( (t_{water_{norm}})), and Gwater ranging between 0 and 1.

(R_{80/20} = \frac{t_{water_{norm_{Q_4}}}}{t_{water_{norm_{Q_1}}}} \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 5))

with R80/20 ranging between 0 and ∞.

(D_{water} = \frac{1}{2\overline t_{water_{norm}}} \times \sum_{i=1}^{n}\beta_i |t_{water_{norm_i}} - \overline t_{water_{norm}}| { \sum \beta_i = 1 \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 6))

with βi standing for the proportion of group i in the sample, (\overline t_{water_{norm}}) the normalized mean safe drinking water access rate of the municipality, (t_{water_{norm_i}}) the normalized safe drinking water access rate of group i, with a value between 0 and 1; and n the number of groups (n= 5); with Dwater presenting values between 0 and 1.

In 2023, **** percent of Americans were unaffiliated with any religion. A further **** percent of Americans were White evangelical Protestants, and an additional **** percent were White mainline Protestants. Religious trends in the United States Although the United States is still home to the largest number of Christians worldwide, the nation has started to reflect a more diverse religious landscape in recent years. Americans now report a wide range of religious beliefs and backgrounds, in addition to an increasing number of people who are choosing to identify with no religion at all. Studies suggest that many Americans have left their previous religion to instead identify as atheist, agnostic, or nothing in particular, with many reasoning that they stopped believing in the religion's teachings, that they didn't approve of negative teachings or treatment of LGBTQ+ people, or that their family was never that religious growing up. Christian controversies Over the last few years, controversies linked to Christian denominations have plagued the nation, including reports of child sexual abuse by the Catholic Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the Southern Baptist Convention. Christian churches have also been accused of supporting discriminatory actions against LGBTQ+ people and people belonging to other religious groups. In addition, there have been increasing concerns about Christian nationalism, the political ideology that asserts that America was founded to be a Christian nation. Although the majority of Americans still think that declaring the United States a Christian nation would go against the U.S. Constitution, studies found that most Republicans would be in favor of this change.

Brazil Population Census: Southeast: São Paulo: Bom Jesus dos Perdões data was reported at 19,708.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 16,211.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: São Paulo: Bom Jesus dos Perdões data is updated yearly, averaging 14,762.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19,708.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 10,890.000 Person in 1996. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: São Paulo: Bom Jesus dos Perdões data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC056: Population Census: by Municipality: Southeast: São Paulo.

Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro: Bom Jesus do Itabapoana data was reported at 35,411.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 33,888.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro: Bom Jesus do Itabapoana data is updated yearly, averaging 33,771.500 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35,411.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 32,231.000 Person in 1996. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro: Bom Jesus do Itabapoana data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC055: Population Census: by Municipality: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro.

Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Piauí: Bom Jesus data was reported at 22,629.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,532.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Piauí: Bom Jesus data is updated yearly, averaging 18,971.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22,629.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 15,924.000 Person in 2000. Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Piauí: Bom Jesus data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC050: Population Census: by Municipality: Northeast: Piauí.

Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Bom Jesus do Amparo data was reported at 5,491.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,412.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Bom Jesus do Amparo data is updated yearly, averaging 5,155.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,491.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 4,817.000 Person in 2000. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Minas Gerais: Bom Jesus do Amparo data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC054: Population Census: by Municipality: Southeast: Minas Gerais.

Brazil Population Census: Central West: Goiás: Bom Jesus de Goiás data was reported at 20,727.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,574.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Central West: Goiás: Bom Jesus de Goiás data is updated yearly, averaging 17,915.500 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20,727.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 14,618.000 Person in 1996. Brazil Population Census: Central West: Goiás: Bom Jesus de Goiás data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC060: Population Census: by Municipality: Central West: Goiás.

Brazil Population Census: South: Paraná: Bom Jesus do Sul data was reported at 3,796.000 Person in 2010. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,835.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: South: Paraná: Bom Jesus do Sul data is updated yearly, averaging 3,835.000 Person from Jul 2000 (Median) to 2010, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,154.000 Person in 2000 and a record low of 3,796.000 Person in 2010. Brazil Population Census: South: Paraná: Bom Jesus do Sul data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC057: Population Census: by Municipality: South: Paraná.

Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Espírito Santo: Bom Jesus do Norte data was reported at 9,476.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 9,318.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Espírito Santo: Bom Jesus do Norte data is updated yearly, averaging 9,272.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9,476.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 8,608.000 Person in 1996. Brazil Population Census: Southeast: Espírito Santo: Bom Jesus do Norte data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC053: Population Census: by Municipality: Southeast: Espírito Santo.

Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Bahia: Bom Jesus da Lapa data was reported at 63,480.000 Person in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 62,199.000 Person for 2007. Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Bahia: Bom Jesus da Lapa data is updated yearly, averaging 58,310.000 Person from Jul 1996 (Median) to 2010, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63,480.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 52,514.000 Person in 1996. Brazil Population Census: Northeast: Bahia: Bom Jesus da Lapa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Socio and Demographic – Table BR.GAC045: Population Census: by Municipality: Northeast: Bahia.