In 2018, there were 681 state and local law enforcement training academies that provided basic training instruction to 59,511 recruits. As part of the 2018 Census of Law Enforcement Training Academies (CLETA), respondents provided general information about the academies' facilities, resources, programs, and staff. The core curricula subject areas and hours dedicated to each topic, as well as training offered in some special topics, were also included. The collection included information about recruit demographics, completion, and reasons for non-completion of basic training. BJS administered previous versions of the CLETA in 2002, 2006, and 2013.

The BJS Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies (CSLLEA) is conducted every 4 years to provide a complete enumeration of agencies and their employees. Employment data are reported by agencies for sworn and nonsworn (civilian) personnel and, within these categories, by full-time or part-time status. The pay period that included September 30, 2008, was the reference date for all personnel data. Agencies also complete a checklist of functions they regularly perform, or have primary responsibility for, within the following areas: patrol and response, criminal investigation, traffic and vehicle-related functions, detention-related functions, court-related functions, special public safety functions (e.g., animal control), task force participation, and specialized functions (e.g., search and rescue). The CSLLEA provides national data on the number of state and local law enforcement agencies and employees for local police departments, sheriffs' offices, state law enforcement agencies, and special jurisdiction agencies. It also serves as the sampling frame for BJS surveys of law enforcement agencies.

To ensure an accurate sampling frame for its Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey, the Bureau of Justice Statistics sponsors a census of the nation's state and local law enforcement agencies, known as the Directory Survey. This census, which is conducted every four years, includes all state and local law enforcement agencies operating nationwide that are publicly funded and employ at least one full-time or part-time sworn officer with general arrest powers. As in previous years, the 2004 census collected data on the number of sworn and nonsworn personnel employed by each agency, including both full-time and part-time employees. The pay period that included September 30, 2004, was the reference date for all personnel data. Variables include personnel totals, type of government, type of agency, and whether the agency had the legal authority to hold a person beyond arraignment for 48 or more hours. Previous censuses were conducted in 1986 (DIRECTORY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES, 1986: [UNITED STATES] [ICPSR 8696]), 1992 (DIRECTORY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES, 1992: [UNITED STATES] [ICPSR 2266]), 1996 (DIRECTORY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES, 1996: [UNITED STATES] [ICPSR 2260]), and 2000 (Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies (CSLLEA), 2000: [United States] [ICPSR 3484]).

The 2007 Census of Law Enforcement Aviation Units is the first systematic, national-level data collection providing information about law enforcement aviation assets and functions. In general, these units provide valuable airborne support for traditional ground-based police operations. An additional role following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks is the provision of essential homeland security functions, such as providing critical facility checks of buildings, ports and harbors, public utilities, inland waterways, oil refineries, bridges and spans, water storage/reservoirs, National and/or State monuments, water treatment plants, irrigation facilities, airports, and natural resources. Aviation units are thought to be able to perform critical facility checks and routine patrol and support operations with greater efficiency than ground-based personnel. However, little is presently known about the equipment, personnel, operations, expenditures, and safety requirements of these units on a national level. This information is critical to law enforcement policy development, planning, and budgeting at all levels of government. The data will supply law enforcement agencies with a benchmark for comparative analysis with other similarly situated agencies, and increase understanding of the support that aviation units provide to ground-based police operations.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The paper Udny Yule read to the Royal Statistical Society at the end of the nineteenth century (Yule, 1899) was a landmark in social statistics. He applied multiple regression analysis to a question of social policy, namely reforms to the 19th century system of poverty alleviation in England. To do this, Yule created a dataset from administrative and Census data. Yule’s original dataset was not preserved, but because his data were drawn from public sources, it is possible to reconstruct it, albeit with some slight differences from the original. This report provides a description of how the dataset was reconstructed and how it varies from the one used in the 1899 paper.

Public Law 94-171, enacted in 1975, requires the Census Bureau to provide redistricting data in a format requested by state governments. Within one year following the 1990 decennial Census (by April 1, 1991), the Census Bureau provided the governor and legislature of each state with the population data needed to redraw legislative districts. This collection contains the same substantive and geographic variables as the original Public Law 94-171 files [see CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1990 [UNITED STATES]: PUBLIC LAW (P.L.) 94-171 DATA (ICPSR 9516)] but with the population counts adjusted for undernumeration. Adjusted Public Law 94-171 counts are supplied for a sample of one-half of blocks in the United States and a complete selection of areas with 1,000 or more persons. Each state file provides data for the state and its subareas in the following order: state, county, voting district, county subdivision, place, and block. Additionally, complete summaries are provided for the following geographic areas: county subdivision, place, consolidated city, state portion of American Indian and Alaska Native area, and county portion of American Indian and Alaska Native area. Area characteristics such as land area, water area, latitude, and longitude are provided. Summary statistics are provided for all persons, for persons 18 years old and over, and for housing units in the geographic areas. Counts by race and by Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin are also recorded.

Public Law 94-171, enacted in 1975, directs the United States Census Bureau to make special preparations to provide redistricting data needed by the 50 states. It specifies that within one year following the Census Day (i.e., for Census 2000 by April 1, 2001), the Census Bureau must send the governor and legislature in each state the data they need to redraw districts for the United States Congress and state legislatures. These files provide data in a hierarchical sequence down to the block level (state, county, voting district/remainder, county subdivision, place/remainder, census tract, block group, block). The collection contains four tables: (1) a count of all persons by race (Table PL1), (2) a count of Hispanic or Latino and a count of not Hispanic or Latino by race of all persons (Table PL2), (3) a count of the population 18 years and older by race (Table PL3),and (4) a count of Hispanic or Latino and a count of not Hispanic or Latino by race for the population 18 years and older (Table PL4). (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR at https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR03144.v3. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

Census statistics play a key role in public policy decisions and social science research. However, given the risk of revealing individual information, many statistical agencies are considering disclosure control methods based on differential privacy, which add noise to tabulated data. Unlike other applications of differential privacy, however, census statistics must be postprocessed after noise injection to be usable. We study the impact of the U.S. Census Bureau’s latest disclosure avoidance system (DAS) on a major application of census statistics, the redrawing of electoral districts. We find that the DAS systematically undercounts the population in mixed-race and mixed-partisan precincts, yielding unpredictable racial and partisan biases. While the DAS leads to a likely violation of the “One Person, One Vote” standard as currently interpreted, it does not prevent accurate predictions of an individual’s race and ethnicity. Our findings underscore the difficulty of balancing accuracy and respondent privacy in the Census.

The United States Census Bureau faces a difficult trade-off between the accuracy of Census statistics and the protection of individual information. We conduct the first independent evaluation of bias and noise induced by the Bureau's two main disclosure avoidance systems: the TopDown algorithm employed for the 2020 Census and the swapping algorithm implemented for the three previous Censuses. Our evaluation leverages the Noisy Measure File (NMF) as well as two independent runs of the TopDown algorithm applied to the 2010 decennial Census. We find that the NMF contains too much noise to be directly useful, especially for Hispanic and multiracial populations. TopDown's post-processing dramatically reduces the NMF noise and produces data whose accuracy is similar to that of swapping. While the estimated errors for both TopDown and swapping algorithms are generally no greater than other sources of Census error, they can be relatively substantial for geographies with small total populations.

Public Law 94-171, enacted in 1975, directs the United States Census Bureau to make special preparations to provide redistricting data needed by the 50 states. It specifies that within one year following the Census Day (i.e., for Census 2000 by April 1, 2001), the Census Bureau must send the governor and legislature in each state the data they need to redraw districts for the United States Congress and state legislatures. This file contains a count of all persons and all households in New York State and its subareas, provided in hierarchical sequence down to the block level. They also provide a race count (five race categories) and a count of all persons of Hispanic origin. In addition, data are provided for all persons not of Hispanic origin and persons 18 years old and over not of Hispanic origin by race (five race categories).

This dataset contains measures of the number and density of police departments, fire departments, courts, correctional facilities, and legal counsel per United States Census Tract or ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) from 1990 through 2021. The dataset includes four separate files for four different geographic areas (GIS shapefiles from the United States Census Bureau). The four geographies include:● Census Tract 2010 ● Census Tract 2020● ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2010 ● ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) 2020Information about which dataset to use can be found in the Usage Notes section of this document.

2020 Census PL 94-171 - 5 Tables Separated. P1, P2, P3, and P4 tables are in their own shpaefiles, and P5 and H1 are in one shapefile. This modification is to enable their use in ESRI software applications due to their size limitations. All five files are in one zip folder.

The 2020 Census State Redistrict Data Summary File pages 99 - 113 include the data dictionary reference name and table number and contents that identifies the data dictionary reference name.

This set of 2 CDs consists of the The Public Law (P.L.) 94-171 (Redistricting) Summary File Dress Rehearsal of the 2000 Decennial Census of Population. The objective of the Public Law (P.L.) 94-171 Program for the Census 2000 Dress Rehearsal was to produce a prototype of the 2000 data that the Census Bureau will provide to states to meet the requirements of P.L. 94-171. This law, enacted in 1975, directs the Census Bureau to make special preparations to provide redistricting data needed by th e 50 states. It specifies that within a year following Census Day, the Census Bureau must transmit special population data desired by each state for the purpose of legislative apportionment or redistricting to the governor and the legislative leaders, in a nonpartisan manner.

This file contains summary statistics on population and housing subjects. These data were derived from the basic questions asked of all people and about every housing unit (referred to as the 100-percent questions). Population subjects include: age, race, sex, Hispanic or Latino, and relationship. The housing subjects include occupancy/vacancy status and tenure.

Generally, this file provides data for the Census 2000 Dress Rehearsal sites in a hierarchical sequence down to the block level. A hierarchical presentation shows the geographic areas in a superior/subordinate structure and is depicted by indenting the lines. The hierarchy for this file is shown below. State County County Subdivision Place/Remainder Census tract Block group Block This file contains summary statistics on housing subjects. These data were derived from the basic questions asked of all people and about every housing unit (referred to as the 100-percent questions). Population subjects include age, race, sex and relationship. The housing subjects include occupancy/vacancy status and tenure. Tables included with the prefix 'P'(population tables) or 'H'(housing tables) present data down to the block level. Table numbers with the prefix 'PCT' present population d ata down to the census tract level. This CD-Rom also contains summary files and listings for Sacramento (California), 11 counties in South Carolina and Wisconsin as well as the Menomee American Indian Reservation. NOTES.TIME

Graph and download economic data for Revenue for Legal Services, Establishments Subject To Federal Income Tax, Employer Firms (LSRESTFITEF45411) from 2013 to 2022 about legal, employer firms, revenue, establishments, tax, federal, services, income, and USA.

This dataset contains data from the P.L. 94-171 2020 Census Redistricting Program. The 2020 Census Redistricting Data Program provides states the opportunity to delineate voting districts and to suggest census block boundaries for use in the 2020 Census redistricting data tabulations (Public Law 94-171 Redistricting Data File). In addition, the Redistricting Data Program will periodically collect state legislative and congressional district boundaries if they are changed by the states. The program is also responsible for the effective delivery of the 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data statutorily required by one year from Census Day. The program ensures continued dialogue with the states in regard to 2020 Census planning, thereby allowing states ample time for their planning, response, and participation. The U.S. Census Bureau will deliver the Public Law 94-171 redistricting data to all states by Sept. 30, 2021. COVID-19-related delays and prioritizing the delivery of the apportionment results delayed the Census Bureau’s original plan to deliver the redistricting data to the states by April 1, 2021.

Data in this dataset contains information on population, diversity, race, ethnicity, housing, household, vacancy rate for 2020 for various geographies (county, MCD, Philadelphia Planning Districts (referred to as county planning areas [CPAs] internally, Census designated places, tracts, block groups, and blocks)

For more information on the 2020 Census, visit https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/rdo/summary-files.html

PLEASE NOTE: 2020 Decennial Census data has had noise injected into it because of the Census's new Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS). This can mean that population counts and characteristics, especially when they are particularly small, may not exactly correspond to the data as collected. As such, caution should be exercised when examining areas with small counts. Ron Jarmin, acting director of the Census Bureau posted a discussion of the redistricting data, which outlines what to expect with the new DAS. For more details on accuracy you can read it here: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/director/2021/07/redistricting-data.html

Abstract (en): The numbers contained in this study are released pursuant to the order of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Carter v. Department of Commerce, 307 F.3d 1084. These numbers are not official Census 2000 counts. These numbers are estimates of the population based on a statistical adjustment method, utilizing sampling and modeling, applied to the official Census 2000 figures. The estimates utilized the results of the Accuracy and Coverage Evaluation (A.C.E.), a sample survey intended to measure net over- and undercounts in the census results. The Census Bureau has determined that the A.C.E. estimates dramatically overstate the level of undercoverage in Census 2000, and that the adjusted Census 2000 data are, therefore, not more accurate than the unadjusted data. On March 6, 2001, the Secretary of Commerce decided that unadjusted data from Census 2000 should be used to tabulate population counts reported to states and localities pursuant to 13 U.S.C. 141(c) (see 66 FR 14520, March 13, 2001). The Secretary's decision endorsed the unanimous recommendation of the Executive Steering Committee for A.C.E. Policy (ESCAP), a group of 12 senior career professionals within the Census Bureau. The ESCAP, in its recommendation against the use of the statistically adjusted estimates, had noted serious reservations regarding their accuracy. In order to inform the Census Bureau's planned October 2001 decision regarding the potential use of the adjusted estimates for non-redistricting purposes, the agency conducted extensive analyses throughout the summer of 2001. These extensive analyses confirmed the serious concerns the agency had noted earlier regarding the accuracy of the A.C.E. estimates. Specifically, the adjusted estimates were determined to be so severely flawed that all potential uses of these data would be inappropriate. Accordingly, the Department of Commerce deems that these estimates should not be used for any purpose that legally requires use of data from the decennial census and assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the data for any purpose whatsoever. The Department, including the U.S. Census Bureau, will provide no assistance in the interpretation or use of these numbers. The collection contains four tables: (1) a count of all persons by race (Table PL1), (2) a count of Hispanic or Latino and a count of not Hispanic or Latino by race of all persons (Table PL2), (3) a count of the population 18 years and older by race (Table PL3), and (4) a count of Hispanic or Latino and a count of not Hispanic or Latino by race for the population 18 years and older (Table PL4). ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.. All persons and housing units in the United States in 2000. 2013-05-24 Multiple Census data file segments were repackaged for distribution into a single zip archive per dataset. No changes were made to the data or documentation.2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 90 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads.2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 86 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads.2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 84 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads.2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 83 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads.2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 81 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads.2004-08-26 All the data definition statements (Parts 83, 84, and 90) were replaced because of errors. The codebook was replaced with an updated one from the Bureau of the Census. The data are provided in three segments (files) per state: the Geographic Header, Tables PL1 and PL2, and Tables PL3 and PL4. The Geographic Header segments are fixed-format ASCII text files, while the Table segments are comma-delimited ASCII files. The Geographic Header has 80 variables and the Table segments have 149 variables each, for a total of 378 variables when the segments a...

This table is part of a series of tables that present a portrait of Canada based on the various census topics. The tables range in complexity and levels of geography. Content varies from a simple overview of the country to complex cross-tabulations; the tables may also cover several censuses.

Analysis of ‘Local Law 37 - HPD Monthly Shelter Census Report’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/77bab935-b013-4b07-b1fd-36e8bb4295da on 13 February 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

The HPD Monthly Shelter Census Report provides summary/aggregate data (counts & average length of stay) on individuals and families that utilize HPD facilities by facility type and household type.

For DYCD Report please follow this link. For DHS Report please follow this link. For HRA Report please follow this link.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

As of year-end 2006 a total of 648 state and local law enforcement academies were providing basic training to entry-level recruits in the United States. State agencies approved 98 percent of these academies. This data collection describes the academies in terms of their personnel, expenditures, facilities, curricula, and trainees using data from the 2006 Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Training Academies (CLETA) sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). The 2006 CLETA, like the initial 2002 study, collected data from all state and local academies that provided basic law enforcement training. Academies that provided only in-service training, corrections and detention training, or other special types of training were excluded. Federal training academies were also excluded.