All addresses in Update Leave (TEA 6) enumeration areas were invited by an in-person lister to respond by internet, paper, or phone. This table is the daily and cumulative self-response and return rates by mode as well as undeliverable as addressed (UAA) rates for the nation..For more information about the different types of enumeration areas, go to the 2020 Census Type of Enumeration (TEA) viewer page by clicking here: Type of Enumeration Area..Self-response rates presented in this table may differ from those presented in the self-response map that was updated daily during the 2020 Census. The map used raw data as it was being processed in real-time while these rates used post processed data..To read the report that provides background information about the rate, go to the Evaluations, Experiments, and Assessment page on census.gov by clicking here: Evaluations Experiments and Assessments..Key Column Terms:.Daily – percentage of housing units whose self-responses were received on a particular date.Cumulative – percentage of housing units whose self-responses were received from the start of the census through a particular date.Internet – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by internet questionnaire.Paper – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by paper questionnaire.CQA – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by phone.Total – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by internet, paper, or phone.Self-Response Rate – percentage of addresses in Self Response (TEA 1) or Update Leave (TEA 6) areas providing a sufficient self-response by internet, paper, or phone.Return Rate – percentage of occupied housing units in Self Response (TEA 1) or Update Leave (TEA 6) areas providing a sufficient self-response by internet, paper, or phone.UAA Rate – percentage of addresses in Self Response areas (TEA 1) identified as undeliverable as addressed (UAA).NOTE: The Census Bureau's Disclosure Review Board and Disclosure Avoidance Officers have reviewed this information product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and have approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release. (CBDRB-FY24-0271).Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census

Census statistics play a key role in public policy decisions and social science research. However, given the risk of revealing individual information, many statistical agencies are considering disclosure control methods based on differential privacy, which add noise to tabulated data. Unlike other applications of differential privacy, however, census statistics must be postprocessed after noise injection to be usable. We study the impact of the U.S. Census Bureau’s latest disclosure avoidance system (DAS) on a major application of census statistics, the redrawing of electoral districts. We find that the DAS systematically undercounts the population in mixed-race and mixed-partisan precincts, yielding unpredictable racial and partisan biases. While the DAS leads to a likely violation of the “One Person, One Vote” standard as currently interpreted, it does not prevent accurate predictions of an individual’s race and ethnicity. Our findings underscore the difficulty of balancing accuracy and respondent privacy in the Census.

Annual Resident Population Estimates by Age Group, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 // Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division // The contents of this file are released on a rolling basis from December through June. // Note: 'In combination' means in combination with one or more other races. The sum of the five race-in-combination groups adds to more than the total population because individuals may report more than one race. Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race. Responses of 'Some Other Race' from the 2010 Census are modified. This results in differences between the population for specific race categories shown for the 2010 Census population in this file versus those in the original 2010 Census data. For more information, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/methodology/modified-race-summary-file-method/mrsf2010.pdf. // The estimates are based on the 2010 Census and reflect changes to the April 1, 2010 population due to the Count Question Resolution program and geographic program revisions. // For detailed information about the methods used to create the population estimates, see https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/methodology.html. // Each year, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program (PEP) utilizes current data on births, deaths, and migration to calculate population change since the most recent decennial census, and produces a time series of estimates of population. The annual time series of estimates begins with the most recent decennial census data and extends to the vintage year. The vintage year (e.g., V2017) refers to the final year of the time series. The reference date for all estimates is July 1, unless otherwise specified. With each new issue of estimates, the Census Bureau revises estimates for years back to the last census. As each vintage of estimates includes all years since the most recent decennial census, the latest vintage of data available supersedes all previously produced estimates for those dates. The Population Estimates Program provides additional information including historical and intercensal estimates, evaluation estimates, demographic analysis, and research papers on its website: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html.

All addresses in Self Response (TEA 1) enumeration areas were invited by mail to respond by internet, paper, or phone. This table is the daily and cumulative self-response and return rates by mode as well as undeliverable as addressed (UAA) rates for the nation..For more information about the different types of enumeration areas, go to the 2020 Census Type of Enumeration (TEA) viewer page by clicking here: Type of Enumeration Area..Self-response rates presented in this table may differ from those presented in the self-response map that was updated daily during the 2020 Census. The map used raw data as it was being processed in real-time while these rates used post processed data..To read the report that provides background information about the rate, go to the Evaluations, Experiments, and Assessment page on census.gov by clicking here: Evaluations Experiments and Assessments..Key Column Terms:.Daily – percentage of housing units whose self-responses were received on a particular date.Cumulative – percentage of housing units whose self-responses were received from the start of the census through a particular date.Internet – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by internet questionnaire.Paper – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by paper questionnaire.CQA – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by phone.Total – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by internet, paper, or phone.Self-Response Rate – percentage of addresses in Self Response (TEA 1) or Update Leave (TEA 6) areas providing a sufficient self-response by internet, paper, or phone.Return Rate – percentage of occupied housing units in Self Response (TEA 1) or Update Leave (TEA 6) areas providing a sufficient self-response by internet, paper, or phone.UAA Rate – percentage of addresses in Self Response areas (TEA 1) identified as undeliverable as addressed (UAA).NOTE: The Census Bureau's Disclosure Review Board and Disclosure Avoidance Officers have reviewed this information product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and have approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release. (CBDRB-FY24-0271).Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census

For the past several censuses, the Census Bureau has invited people to self-respond before following up in-person using census takers. The 2010 Census invited people to self-respond predominately by returning paper questionnaires in the mail. The 2020 Census allows people to self-respond in three ways: online, by phone, or by mail.The 2020 Census self-response rates are self-response rates for current census geographies. These rates are the daily and cumulative self-response rates for all housing units that received invitations to self-respond to the 2020 Census. The 2020 Census self-response rates are available for states, counties, census tracts, congressional districts, towns and townships, consolidated cities, incorporated places, tribal areas, and tribal census tracts.The Self-Response Rate of Los Angeles County is 65.1% for 2020 Census, which is slightly lower than 69.6% of California State rate.More information about these data is available in the Self-Response Rates Map Data and Technical Documentation document associated with the 2020 Self-Response Rates Map or review FAQs.Animated Self-Response Rate 2010 vs 2020 is available at ESRI site SRR Animated Maps and can explore Census 2020 SRR data at ESRI Demographic site Census 2020 SSR Data.Following Demographic Characteristics are included in this data and web maps to visualize their relationships with Census Self-Response Rate (SRR).1. Population Density: 2020 Population per square mile,2. Poverty Rate: Percentage of population under 100% FPL,3. Median Household income: Based on countywide median HH income of $71,538.4. Highschool Education Attainment: Percentage of 18 years and older population without high school graduation.5. English Speaking Ability: Percentage of 18 years and older population with less or none English speaking ability. 6. Household without Internet Access: Percentage of HH without internet access.7. Non-Hispanic White Population: Percentage of Non-Hispanic White population.8. Non-Hispanic African-American Population: Percentage of Non-Hispanic African-American population.9. Non-Hispanic Asian Population: Percentage of Non-Hispanic Asian population.10. Hispanic Population: Percentage of Hispanic population.

Graph and download economic data for Manufacturers' Value of Shipments: Paper Products (A22SVS) from Jan 1992 to Jan 2025 about shipments, nondurable goods, production, goods, manufacturing, industry, and USA.

The 2010 Census Production Settings Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) Demonstration NoisyMeasurement File (2023-04-03) is an intermediate output of the 2020 Census Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS) TopDown Algorithm (TDA) (as described in Abowd, J. et al [2022] https://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.529e3cb9 , and implemented in https://github.com/uscensusbureau/DAS_2020_Redistricting_Production_Code). The NMF was produced using the official “production settings,” the final set of algorithmic parameters and privacy-loss budget allocations, that were used to produce the 2020 Census Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) Summary File and the 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics File. The NMF consists of the full set of privacy-protected statistical queries (counts of individuals or housing units with particular combinations of characteristics) of confidential 2010 Census data relating to the redistricting data portion of the 2010 Demonstration Data Products Suite – Redistricting and Demographic and Housing Characteristics File – Production Settings (2023-04-03). These statistical queries, called “noisy measurements” were produced under the zero-Concentrated Differential Privacy framework (Bun, M. and Steinke, T [2016] https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.02065; see also Dwork C. and Roth, A. [2014] https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~aaroth/Papers/privacybook.pdf) implemented via the discrete Gaussian mechanism (Cannone C., et al., [2023] https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.00010), which added positive or negative integer-valued noise to each of the resulting counts. The noisy measurements are an intermediate stage of the TDA prior to the post-processing the TDA then performs to ensure internal and hierarchical consistency within the resulting tables. The Census Bureau has released these 2010 Census demonstration data to enable data users to evaluate the expected impact of disclosure avoidance variability on 2020 Census data. The 2010 Census Production Settings Redistricting Data (P.L.94-171) Demonstration Noisy Measurement File (2023-04-03) has been cleared for public dissemination by the Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board (CBDRB-FY22-DSEP-004). The data includes zero-Concentrated Differentially Private (zCDP) (Bun, M. and Steinke, T [2016]) noisy measurements, implemented via the discrete Gaussian mechanism. These are estimated counts of individuals and housing units included in the 2010 Census Edited File (CEF), which includes confidential data initially collected in the 2010 Census of Population and Housing. The noisy measurements included in this file were subsequently post-processed by the TopDown Algorithm (TDA) to produce the 2010 Census Production Settings Privacy-Protected Microdata File - Redistricting (P.L. 94-171) and Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (2023-04-03) (https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/data-product- planning/2010-demonstration-data-products/04 Demonstration_Data_Products_Suite/2023-04-03/). As these 2010 Census demonstration data are intended to support study of the design and expected impacts of the 2020 Disclosure Avoidance System, the 2010 CEF records were pre-processed before application of the zCDP framework. This pre-processing converted the 2010 CEF records into the input-file format, response codes, and tabulation categories used for the 2020 Census, which differ in substantive ways from the format, response codes, and tabulation categories originally used for the 2010 Census. The NMF provides estimates of counts of persons in the CEF by various characteristics and combinations of characteristics including their reported race and ethnicity, whether they were of voting age, whether they resided in a housing unit or one of 7 group quarters types, and their census block of residence after the addition of discrete Gaussian noise (with the scale parameter determined by the privacy-loss budget allocation for that particular query under zCDP). Noisy measurements of the counts of occupied and vacant housing units by census block are also included. Lastly, data on constraints—information into which no noise was infused by the Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS) and used by the TDA to post-process the noisy measurements into the 2010 Census Production Settings Privacy-Protected Microdata File - Redistricting (P.L. 94-171) and Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (2023-04-03) —are provided.

This data was extracted from the 1994 Census bureau database by Ronny Kohavi and Barry Becker (Data Mining and Visualization, Silicon Graphics). A set of reasonably clean records was extracted using the following conditions: ((AAGE>16) && (AGI>100) && (AFNLWGT>1) && (HRSWK>0)). The prediction task is to determine whether a person makes over $50K a year.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The paper Udny Yule read to the Royal Statistical Society at the end of the nineteenth century (Yule, 1899) was a landmark in social statistics. He applied multiple regression analysis to a question of social policy, namely reforms to the 19th century system of poverty alleviation in England. To do this, Yule created a dataset from administrative and Census data. Yule’s original dataset was not preserved, but because his data were drawn from public sources, it is possible to reconstruct it, albeit with some slight differences from the original. This report provides a description of how the dataset was reconstructed and how it varies from the one used in the 1899 paper.

All addresses in Self Response (TEA 1) and Update Leave (TEA 6) enumeration areas were invited to respond by internet, paper, or phone. The table is the cumulative self-response and return rates by mode as well as undeliverable as addressed (UAA) rates for the nation at the start of NRFU (August 10) and the end of response processing (December 1)..For more information about the different types of enumeration areas, go to the 2020 Census Type of Enumeration (TEA) viewer page by clicking here: Type of Enumeration Area..Self-response rates presented in this table may differ from those presented in the self-response map that was updated daily during the 2020 Census. The map used raw data as it was being processed in real-time while these rates used post processed data..To read the report that provides background information about the rate, go to the Evaluations, Experiments, and Assessment page on census.gov by clicking here: Evaluations Experiments and Assessments..Key Column Terms:.Start of NRFU – self-responses received by August 10.Final – self-responses received by the end of response processing (December 1).Internet – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by internet questionnaire.Paper – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by paper questionnaire.CQA – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by phone.Total – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by internet, paper, or phone.Self-Response Rate – percentage of addresses in Self Response (TEA 1) or Update Leave (TEA 6) areas providing a sufficient self-response by internet, paper, or phone.Return Rate – percentage of occupied housing units in Self Response (TEA 1) or Update Leave (TEA 6) areas providing a sufficient self-response by internet, paper, or phone.UAA Rate – percentage of addresses in Self Response areas (TEA 1) identified as undeliverable as addressed (UAA).NOTE: The Census Bureau's Disclosure Review Board and Disclosure Avoidance Officers have reviewed this information product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and have approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release. (CBDRB-FY24-0271).Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census

Graph and download economic data for Quarterly Financial Report: U.S. Corporations: Paper: Provision for Current and Deferred Domestic Income Taxes (QFRD114322USNO) from Q4 2000 to Q4 2024 about deferred, paper, finance, nondurable goods, tax, domestic, corporate, goods, income, manufacturing, industry, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Expenditures: Postage and Stationery by Region: Residence in the Northeast Census Region (CXUPOSTAGELB1102M) from 1984 to 2023 about Northeast Census Region, paper, expenditures, residents, and USA.

All addresses in Self Response (TEA 1) and Update Leave (TEA 6) enumeration areas were invited to respond by internet, paper, or phone. The table is the county-level self-response and return rates by mode as well as undeliverable as addressed (UAA) rates for the nation at the start of NRFU (August 10, 2020) and the end of response processing (December 1, 2020). Self-response, return, and UAA rates from the 2010 Census at the NRFU cut date (April 19, 2010) and the end of response processing (September 7, 2010) are included to compare rates between censuses..For more information about the different types of enumeration areas, go to the 2020 Census Type of Enumeration (TEA) viewer page by clicking here: Type of Enumeration Area..Self-response rates presented in this table may differ from those presented in the self-response map that was updated daily during the 2020 Census. The map used raw data as it was being processed in real-time while these rates used post processed data..To read the report that provides background information about the rate, go to the Evaluations, Experiments, and Assessment page on census.gov by clicking here: Evaluations Experiments and Assessments..Key Column Terms:.NRFU (2020) – self-responses received by August 10, 2020.NRFU (2010) – self-responses received by April 19, 2010.Final (2020) – self-responses received by the end of response processing (December 1, 2020).Final (2010) – self-responses received by the end of response processing (September 7, 2010).Internet – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by internet questionnaire.Paper – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by paper questionnaire.CQA – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by phone.Total – percentage of housing units providing a self-response by internet, paper, or phone.Self-Response Rate – percentage of addresses in Self Response (TEA 1) or Update Leave (TEA 6) areas providing a sufficient self-response by internet, paper, or phone.Return Rate – percentage of occupied housing units in Self Response (TEA 1) or Update Leave (TEA 6) areas providing a sufficient self-response by internet, paper, or phone.UAA Rate – percentage of addresses in Self Response areas (TEA 1) identified as undeliverable as addressed (UAA).NOTE: The Census Bureau's Disclosure Review Board and Disclosure Avoidance Officers have reviewed this information product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and have approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release. (CBDRB-FY24-0271).Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census

Imports - Paper & Paper Base Stocks (Census Basis) in the United States increased to 1241.29 USD Million in February from 1186.20 USD Million in January of 2024. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States Imports of Paper & Paper Base Stocks.

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, for 2020, the 2020 Census provides the official counts of the population and housing units for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns. For 2016 to 2019, the Population Estimates Program provides estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns and intercensal housing unit estimates for the nation, states, and counties..Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Technical Documentation section.Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016-2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see ACS Technical Documentation). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables..Data about computer and Internet use were collected by asking respondents to select "Yes" or "No" to each type of computer and each type of Internet subscription. Therefore, respondents were able to select more than one type of computer and more than one type of Internet subscription..In 2016, changes were made to the computer and Internet use questions, involving the wording as well as the response options. A crosswalk was used to map pre-2016 data to the post-2016 categories, enabling creation of 5-year data. For more detailed information about the 2016 changes, see the 2016 American Community Survey Content Test Report for Computer and Internet Use located at https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/2017/acs/2017_Lewis_01.html or the user note regarding changes in the 2016 questions located at https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/user-notes/2017-03.html. For more detailed information about the crosswalk, see the user note regarding the crosswalk located at https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/user-notes.html..When information is missing or inconsistent, the Census Bureau logically assigns an acceptable value using the response to a related question or questions. If a logical assignment is not possible, data are filled using a statistical process called allocation, which uses a similar individual or household to provide a donor value. The "Allocated" section is the number of respondents who received an allocated value for a particular subject..The 2016-2020 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the September 2018 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) delineations of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. In certain instances, the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB delineation lists due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..Estimates of urban and rural populations, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..Explanation of Symbols:- The estimate could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations. For a ratio of medians estimate, one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution.N The estimate or margin of error cannot be displayed because there were an insufficient number of sample cases in the selected geographic area. (X) The estimate or margin of error is not applicable or not available.median- The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "2,500-")median+ The median falls in the highest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "250,000+").** The margin of error could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations.*** The margin of error could not be computed because the median falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution.***** A margin of error is not appropriate because the corresponding estimate is controlled to an independent population or housing estimate. Effectively, the correspon...

Annual Resident Population Estimates, Estimated Components of Resident Population Change, and Rates of the Components of Resident Population Change; for the United States, States, Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, Counties, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 // Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division // The contents of this file are released on a rolling basis from December through March. // Note: Total population change includes a residual. This residual represents the change in population that cannot be attributed to any specific demographic component. // Note: The estimates are based on the 2010 Census and reflect changes to the April 1, 2010 population due to the Count Question Resolution program and geographic program revisions. // The Office of Management and Budget's statistical area delineations for metropolitan, micropolitan, and combined statistical areas, as well as metropolitan divisions, are those issued by that agency in September 2018. // Current data on births, deaths, and migration are used to calculate population change since the 2010 Census. An annual time series of estimates is produced, beginning with the census and extending to the vintage year. The vintage year (e.g., Vintage 2019) refers to the final year of the time series. The reference date for all estimates is July 1, unless otherwise specified. With each new issue of estimates, the entire estimates series is revised. Additional information, including historical and intercensal estimates, evaluation estimates, demographic analysis, research papers, and methodology is available on website: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html.

Annual State Resident Population Estimates for 6 Race Groups (5 Race Alone Groups and Two or More Races) by Age, Sex, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013 // File: 7/1/2013 State Characteristics Population Estimates // Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division // Release Date: June 2014 // Note: The estimates are based on the 2010 Census and reflect changes to the April 1, 2010 population due to the Count Question Resolution program and geographic program revisions. Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race. Responses of 'Some Other Race' from the 2010 Census are modified. This results in differences between the population for specific race categories shown for the 2010 Census population in this file versus those in the original 2010 Census data. For more information, see http://www.census.gov/popest/data/historical/files/MRSF-01-US1.pdf. // For detailed information about the methods used to create the population estimates, see http://www.census.gov/popest/methodology/index.html. // Each year, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program (PEP) utilizes current data on births, deaths, and migration to calculate population change since the most recent decennial census, and produces a time series of estimates of population. The annual time series of estimates begins with the most recent decennial census data and extends to the vintage year. The vintage year (e.g., V2013) refers to the final year of the time series. The reference date for all estimates is July 1, unless otherwise specified. With each new issue of estimates, the Census Bureau revises estimates for years back to the last census. As each vintage of estimates includes all years since the most recent decennial census, the latest vintage of data available supersedes all previously produced estimates for those dates. The Population Estimates Program provides additional information including historical and intercensal estimates, evaluation estimates, demographic analysis, and research papers on its website: http://www.census.gov/popest/index.html.

Annual State Resident Population Estimates for 5 Race Groups (5 Race Alone or in Combination Groups) by Age, Sex, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013// File: 7/1/2013 State Characteristics Population Estimates // Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division // Release Date: June 2014 // Note: 'In combination' means in combination with one or more other races. The sum of the five race groups adds to more than the total population because individuals may report more than one race. The estimates are based on the 2010 Census and reflect changes to the April 1, 2010 population due to the Count Question Resolution program and geographic program revisions. Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race. Responses of 'Some Other Race' from the 2010 Census are modified. This results in differences between the population for specific race categories shown for the 2010 Census population in this file versus those in the original 2010 Census data. For more information, see http://www.census.gov/popest/data/historical/files/MRSF-01-US1.pdf. // For detailed information about the methods used to create the population estimates, see http://www.census.gov/popest/methodology/index.html. // Each year, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program (PEP) utilizes current data on births, deaths, and migration to calculate population change since the most recent decennial census, and produces a time series of estimates of population. The annual time series of estimates begins with the most recent decennial census data and extends to the vintage year. The vintage year (e.g., V2013) refers to the final year of the time series. The reference date for all estimates is July 1, unless otherwise specified. With each new issue of estimates, the Census Bureau revises estimates for years back to the last census. As each vintage of estimates includes all years since the most recent decennial census, the latest vintage of data available supersedes all previously produced estimates for those dates. The Population Estimates Program provides additional information including historical and intercensal estimates, evaluation estimates, demographic analysis, and research papers on its website: http://www.census.gov/popest/index.html.

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, for 2020, the 2020 Census provides the official counts of the population and housing units for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns. For 2016 to 2019, the Population Estimates Program provides estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns and intercensal housing unit estimates for the nation, states, and counties..Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Technical Documentation section.Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016-2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see ACS Technical Documentation). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables..Logical coverage edits applying a rules-based assignment of Medicaid, Medicare and military health coverage were added as of 2009 -- please see https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/2010/demo/coverage_edits_final.html for more details. Select geographies of 2008 data comparable to the 2009 and later tables are available at https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/acs/1-year-re-run-health-insurance.html. The health insurance coverage category names were modified in 2010. See https://www.census.gov/topics/health/health-insurance/about/glossary.html#par_textimage_18 for a list of the insurance type definitions..When information is missing or inconsistent, the Census Bureau logically assigns an acceptable value using the response to a related question or questions. If a logical assignment is not possible, data are filled using a statistical process called allocation, which uses a similar individual or household to provide a donor value. The "Allocated" section is the number of respondents who received an allocated value for a particular subject..The 2016-2020 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the September 2018 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) delineations of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. In certain instances, the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB delineation lists due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..Estimates of urban and rural populations, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..Explanation of Symbols:- The estimate could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations. For a ratio of medians estimate, one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution.N The estimate or margin of error cannot be displayed because there were an insufficient number of sample cases in the selected geographic area. (X) The estimate or margin of error is not applicable or not available.median- The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "2,500-")median+ The median falls in the highest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "250,000+").** The margin of error could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations.*** The margin of error could not be computed because the median falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution.***** A margin of error is not appropriate because the corresponding estimate is controlled to an independent population or housing estimate. Effectively, the corresponding estimate has no sampling error and the margin of error may be treated as zero.