According to the book of Numbers in the Old Testament of the Bible, one year after Moses led the Israelites from Egypt during the Exodus, the number of men aged 20 years or older and available to serve in the Israelites' army totalled at 603,550 men. This census was conducted by Moses and the leaders of the 12 Tribes of Israel, with the clan of Judah contributing the largest number of men. However, only 11 of the 12 Tribes were counted, as the men of the Levites were tasked with protecting the tabernacle, which was the central mneeting and worshipping tent of the Israelitres' nomadic society during the Exodus.

This dataset is about book series. It has 1 row and is filtered where the books is 1981 census : ward and borough indices for Greater London. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

This dataset is about book subjects. It has 6 rows and is filtered where the books is Vanishing for the vote : suffrage, citizenship and the battle for the census. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program is a cooperative program involving the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the United States Department of Labor and the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs). The QCEW program produces a comprehensive tabulation of employment and wage information for workers covered by State unemployment insurance (UI) laws and Federal workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) program. Publicly available data files include information on the number of establishments, monthly employment, and quarterly wages, by NAICS industry, by county, by ownership sector, for the entire United States. These data are aggregated to annual levels, to higher industry levels (NAICS industry groups, sectors, and supersectors), and to higher geographic levels (national, State, and Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)). To download and analyze QCEW data, users can begin on the QCEW Databases page. Downloadable data are available in formats such as text and CSV. Data for the QCEW program that are classified using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) are available from 1990 forward, and on a more limited basis from 1975 to 1989. These data provide employment and wage information for arts-related NAICS industries, such as: Arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS Code 71) Performing arts and spectator sports Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks Amusements, gambling, and recreation Professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS Code 54) Architectural services Graphic design services Photographic services Retail trade (NAICS Code 44-45) Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores Book, periodical, and music stores Art dealers For years 1975-2000, data for the QCEW program provide employment and wage information for arts-related industries are based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. These arts-related SIC industries include the following: Book stores (SIC 5942) Commercial photography (SIC Code 7335) Commercial art and graphic design (SIC Code 7336) Museums, Botanical, Zoological Gardens (SIC Code 84) Dance studios, schools, and halls (SIC Code 7911) Theatrical producers and services (SIC Code 7922) Sports clubs, managers, & promoters (SIC Code 7941) Motion Picture Services (SIC Code 78) The QCEW program serves as a near census of monthly employment and quarterly wage information by 6-digit NAICS industry at the national, state, and county levels. At the national level, the QCEW program provides employment and wage data for almost every NAICS industry. At the State and area level, the QCEW program provides employment and wage data down to the 6-digit NAICS industry level, if disclosure restrictions are met. Employment data under the QCEW program represent the number of covered workers who worked during, or received pay for, the pay period including the 12th of the month. Excluded are members of the armed forces, the self-employed, proprietors, domestic workers, unpaid family workers, and railroad workers covered by the railroad unemployment insurance system. Wages represent total compensation paid during the calendar quarter, regardless of when services were performed. Included in wages are pay for vacation and other paid leave, bonuses, stock options, tips, the cash value of meals and lodging, and in some States, contributions to deferred compensation plans (such as 401(k) plans). The QCEW program does provide partial information on agricultural industries and employees in private households. Data from the QCEW program serve as an important source for many BLS programs. The QCEW data are used as the benchmark source for employment by the Current Employment Statistics program and the Occupational Employment Statistics program. The UI administrative records collected under the QCEW program serve as a sampling frame for BLS establishment surveys. In addition, data from the QCEW program serve as a source to other Federal and State programs. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce uses QCEW data as the base for developing the wage and salary component of personal income. The Employment and Training Administration (ETA) of the Department of Labor and the SESAs use QCEW data to administer the employment security program. The QCEW data accurately reflect the ex

Abstract

Every person, household and institution present in South Africa on Census Night, 9-10 October 1996, should have been enumerated in Census '96. The intent was to provide a count of all persons present within the territory of the Republic of South Africa at that time. More specifically, the purpose of this census was to collect, process and disseminate detailed statistics on population size, composition and distribution at a small area level. The 1996 South African population Census contains data collected on HOUSEHOLDS and INSTITUTIONS: dwellling type, home ownership, household assets, access to services and energy sources; INDIVIDUALS: age, population group, language, religion, citizenship, migration, fertility, mortality and disability; and economic characteristics of individuals, including employment activities and unemployment.

Geographic coverage

The South African Census 1996 has national coverage.

Analysis unit

The units of analysis for the South Africa Census 1996 were households, individuals and institutions

Universe

The South African Census 1996 covered every person present in South Africa on Census Night, 9-10 October 1996 (except foreign diplomats and their families).

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

The data in the South African Census 1996 data file is a 10% unit level sample drawn from Census 1996 as follows:

1) Households: • A 10% sample of all households (excluding special institutions and hostels)

2) Persons: • A 10% sample of all persons as enumerated in the 1996 Population Census in South Africa

The census household records were explicitly stratified according to province and district council. Within each district council the records were further implicitly stratified by local authority. Within each implicit stratum the household records were ordered according to the unique seven-digit census enumerator area number, of which the first three digits are the (old) magisterial district number.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Different methods of enumeration were used to accommodate different situations and a variety of questionnaires were used. The information collected with each questionnaire differed slightly. The questionnaires used were as follows:

Questionnaire 1: (Household and personal questionnaire) This questionnaire was used in private households and within hostels which provided family accommodation. It contained 50 questions for each person and 15 for each household. Every household living in a private dwelling should have been enumerated on a household questionnaire. This questionnaire obtained information about the household and about each person who was present in the household on census night.

Questionnaire 2: (Summary book for hostels) This questionnaire was used to list all persons/households in the hostel and included 9 questions about the hostel. A summary book for hostels should have been completed for each hostel (that is, a compound for workers provided by mines, other employers, municipalities or local authorities). This questionnaire obtained information about the hostel and also listed all household and/or persons enumerated in the hostel. Some hostels contain people living in family groups. Where people were living as a household in a hostel, they were enumerated as such on a household questionnaire (which obtained information about the household and about each person who was present in the household on Census Night). On the final census file, they will be listed as for any other household and not as part of a hostel. Generally, hostels accommodate mostly individual workers. In these situations, persons were enumerated on separate personal questionnaires. These questionnaires obtained the same information on each person as would have been obtained on the household questionnaire. The persons will appear on the census file as part of a hostel. Some hostels were enumerated as special institutions and not on the questionnaires designed specifically for hostels.

Questionnaire 3: (Enumerator's book for special enumeration) This questionnaire was used to obtain very basic information for individuals within institutions such as hotels, prisons, hospitals etc. as well as for homeless persons. Only 6 questions were asked of these people. The questionnaire also included 9 questions about the institution. An enumerator's book for special enumeration should have been completed for each institution such as prisons and hospitals. This questionnaire obtained information on the institution and listed all persons present. Each person was asked a brief sub-set of questions - just 7 compared to around 50 on the household and personal questionnaires. People in institutions could not be enumerated as households. Homeless persons were enumerated during a sweep on census night using a special questionnaire. The results were later transcribed to standard enumerator's books for special enumeration to facilitate coding and data entry.

Response rate

The final calculation of the undercount of persons, based on analysis of a post-enumeration survey (PES) conducted shortly after the original census, was performed by Statistics South Africa. The estimated reponse rates are detailed below, both according to stratum and for the country as a whole. An estimated 10,7% of the people in South Africa, through the course of the census process, were not enumerated. For more information on the undercount and PES, see the publication, "Calculating the Undercount in Census '96", Statistics South Africa Report No. 03-01-18 (1996) which is included in the external documents section.

Undercount of persons by province (stratum, in %):

Western Cape 8,69
Eastern Cape 10,57
Northern Cape 15,59
Free State 8,75
KwaZulu-Natal 12,81
North West 9,37
Gauteng 9,99
Mpumalanga 10,09
Northern Province 11,28

South Africa 10,69

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

This project aimed to extend knowledge of late nineteenth century Scottish, and hence British, demography, by producing four parallel longitudinal data sets by linking individuals in the decennial censuses of 1861-1901 with the births, deaths and marriages from civil registers for the lowland town of Kilmarnock, the Hebridean Island of Skye, and the rural parishes of Torthorwald and Rothiemay, places with contrasting economic and social structures and physical environments. The resulting data source is rich in information relating to the social, occupational, household, and demographic characteristics of individuals, who can also be situated within their physical environment. The relatively large scale of the data-sets allows greater accuracy and detail in the multivariate analysis of mortality, fertility, nuptiality and migration. Special permission was granted by the General Register Office, Edinburgh, for access to the civil registers of births, marriages and deaths, and these have been linked to the census entries for the same individuals, allowing the creation of full or partial life histories. Linkage has been carried out using a sets of related individuals approach in a relational data-base system using computer algorithms and hand-finishing (see Reid, Davies and Garrett (2006) 'Nineteenth century Scottish demography from linked censuses and civil registers: a sets of related individuals approach', History and Computing, 14(1+2), 2002 (publ. 2006), pp. 61-86).

The terms of our agreement with the General Register Office for Scotland do not allow us to deposit the births, marriages and deaths for archiving, which prevents deposit of the linked material. However we can deposit the census material annotated to include the years of birth, death and marriage of an individual (but no other details of these events). Two separate census deposits are being made. This is a version of the raw data, with no standardisation or enhancement apart from corrections or changes to ensure consistency, notes made by data entry personnel, and household and individual identifiers.



Main Topics:

The data consist of transcriptions of the census enumerators' books for Skye, Kilmarnock, Rothiemay and Torthorwald, for the years 1861, 1871, 1881, 1891 and 1901. The following information on all individuals within all households on census night is provided: address (three fields); forename(s), surname(s); relationship to head of household; marital status; age; sex; occupation; other occupational information such as employment status, where available; county or birth, parish of birth; language; and number of rooms in the household. The data collection also contains details of where each individual appears in the census returns by giving the name of the registration district, the number of the enumeration district, the schedule number as indicated on the census enumerators' books, and household and person identification codes created by the project. Some variables are not available for all years or places: see project documentation for more details.

Visionary research allows for applications that few people had in mind at the time the research was conducted. When Chen and Fried worked in 1964 through millions of ten-year-old census sheets and produced a book filled on 969 pages only with numbers, who but the researchers might not have thought of a waste of time and money? Fifty years later, using a relational database and an intelligent interface, the data have been digitised by the authors of this paper into a data set, called "thakbong56: The ROC census on Taiwan and Penghu in 1956".

The interest in the geographic distribution of names in Taiwan, today, as in 1956, relates on the one hand to the emic use of names as an idealised compass in search for an identity. Through one character, a name suggests to its bearer up to thousands of years of history.

Driven by the interest in names as collective traits, Chen and Fried sampled in 1964 one quarter of the 9.311.312 personal census cards of 1956. The cards had been stored after 1956 in 361 packages, lumping village and city communities together into townships and city districts. Data on Kinmen and Mazu are not reported.

The administrative classification implied by the physical packages formed the first dimension of the 3-dimensional table that Chen and Fried assembled. The 1027 attested Chinese names formed the second, and the ethno-linguistic classification, which distinguishes Fukien, Kwangtung, Others, Aborigines and Mainlanders, the third. Each of the 1.855.540 table cells reports one quarter of the people with name X, living in 1956 in place Y, and being ethno-linguistically classified as Z. The values of two dimensions, for example, CHEN2 (陳) and Taipei, define a probability distribution for the third dimension, for example, [Fukien: 76 per cent, Kwangtung: 2 per cent, Mainlander: 21 per cent].

What is logically a tree-dimensional table is restricted to one of three logically possible views, when printed on paper. The probability distribution for CHEN2 and Kwangtung, for example, is hidden in 361 pages. Thus, not one, but three volumes a 1000 pages would have been required to represent all views. Probably as a compensation, Chen and Fried produced a Volume II that shows in maps the spatial distribution of some names under certain ethno-linguistic parameters.

The data itself reflects very much the time in which it has been gathered, the technical approach and the prevailing ideology. The storage of papers after the census caused first the unnecessarily broad administrative classification. Then, in 1964 no computer was used. Inconsistencies showed up during the digitisation in margins and higher level tables and have been silently corrected, assuming the more elementary value to be the correct oneii. Finally, social tensions and strong ideologies in the time of the census left their imprint on the data.

First of all, the ethnic classification foresees neither ethnic changes across generations nor mixed ethnic ancestry. In Taiwan, however, Indigenous groups, Holo and Hakka have been constantly crossing ethnic boundaries through adoption, inter-ethnic marriage or acculturation. Second, the language of the people was used as prevailing criterion of the census, and levelled out ethnic variations in a period, the KMT hoped to reconquer the Chinese mainland through the ‘Chinese nation’. Holo-speaking Hakka and Pepo communities have, to different degrees and depending on the local administration, been classified as Fukien, as the comparison with older, Japanese census data shows.

Abstract

Every person, household and institution present in South Africa on Census Night, 9-10 October 1996, should have been enumerated in Census 1996. The purpose of the census was to provide a count of all persons present within the territory of the Republic of South Africa at that time. More specifically, the purpose of this census was to collect, process and disseminate detailed statistics on population size, composition and distribution at a small area level.

Geographic coverage

The South African Census 1996 has national coverage.

Analysis unit

Households and individuals

Universe

The South African census 1996 covered every person present in South Africa on Census Night, 9-10 October 1996 (except foreign diplomats and their families).

Kind of data

Census enumeration data

Sampling procedure

The data in the South African Census 1996 data file is a 10% unit level sample drawn from Census 1996 as follows:

1) Households: • A 10% sample of all households (excluding special institutions and hostels)

2) Persons: • A 10% sample of all persons as enumerated in the 1996 Population Census in South Africa

The census household records were explicitly stratified according to province and district council. Within each district council the records were further implicitly stratified by local authority. Within each implicit stratum the household records were ordered according to the unique seven-digit census enumerator area number, of which the first three digits are the (old) magisterial district number.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Different methods of enumeration were used to accommodate different situations and a variety of questionnaires were used. The information collected with each questionnaire differed slightly. The questionnaires used were as follows:

Questionnaire 1: (Household and personal questionnaire) This questionnaire was used in private households and within hostels which provided family accommodation. It contained 50 questions for each person and 15 for each household. Every household living in a private dwelling should have been enumerated on a household questionnaire. This questionnaire obtained information about the household and about each person who was present in the household on census night.

Questionnaire 2: (Summary book for hostels) This questionnaire was used to list all persons/households in the hostel and included 9 questions about the hostel. A summary book for hostels should have been completed for each hostel (that is, a compound for workers provided by mines, other employers, municipalities or local authorities). This questionnaire obtained information about the hostel and also listed all household and/or persons enumerated in the hostel. Some hostels contain people living in family groups. Where people were living as a household in a hostel, they were enumerated as such on a household questionnaire (which obtained information about the household and about each person who was present in the household on Census Night). On the final census file, they will be listed as for any other household and not as part of a hostel. Generally, hostels accommodate mostly individual workers. In these situations, persons were enumerated on separate personal questionnaires. These questionnaires obtained the same information on each person as would have been obtained on the household questionnaire. The persons will appear on the census file as part of a hostel. Some hostels were enumerated as special institutions and not on the questionnaires designed specifically for hostels.

Questionnaire 3: (Enumerator's book for special enumeration) This questionnaire was used to obtain very basic information for individuals within institutions such as hotels, prisons, hospitals etc. as well as for homeless persons. Only 6 questions were asked of these people. The questionnaire also included 9 questions about the institution. An enumerator's book for special enumeration should have been completed for each institution such as prisons and hospitals. This questionnaire obtained information on the institution and listed all persons present. Each person was asked a brief sub-set of questions - just 7 compared to around 50 on the household and personal questionnaires. People in institutions could not be enumerated as households. Homeless persons were enumerated during a sweep on census night using a special questionnaire. The results were later transcribed to standard enumerator's books for special enumeration to facilitate coding and data entry.

Response rate

The final calculation of the undercount of persons, based on analysis of a post-enumeration survey (PES) conducted shortly after the original census, was performed by Statistics South Africa. The estimated reponse rates are detailed below, both according to stratum and for the country as a whole. An estimated 10,7% of the people in South Africa, through the course of the census process, were not enumerated. For more information on the undercount and PES, see the publication, "Calculating the Undercount in Census '96", Statistics South Africa Report No. 03-01-18 (1996) which is included in the external documents section.

Undercount of persons by province (stratum, in %):

Western Cape 8,69
Eastern Cape 10,57
Northern Cape 15,59
Free State 8,75
KwaZulu-Natal 12,81
North West 9,37
Gauteng 9,99
Mpumalanga 10,09
Northern Province 11,28

South Africa 10,69

This dataset is about book subjects. It has 4 rows and is filtered where the books is Faversham registration district, surname index to the 1841 census. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The aim of this project was to investigate the working population of Downham, an agricultural fen parish in north Cambridgeshire, using information derived from the census enumerators' books for 1851 and 1891. This project originated as part of the course of study for Open University Course DA301 (Studying family and community history: nineteenth and twentieth centuries).
Main Topics:

The data consist of a partial transcription of the 1851 and 1891 census enumerators' books for Downham, Cambridgeshire.
The variables are: enumeration district; folio number; schedule number; address; surname; relationship to head of household; marital status; gender; age; occupation; employment status (1891 only); place of birth; birth county or country; disabilities (1891 only).

Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research.

This dataset contains a variety of demographic measures (related to fertility, marriage, mortality and migration), plus a range of socio-economic indicators (related to households, age structure, and social class) for the 2000+ Registration Sub Districts (RSDs) in England and Wales for each census year between 1851 and 1911, and for the 600+ Registration Districts of Scotland 1851-1901. The measures have mainly been derived from the computerised individual level census enumerators' books (and household schedules for 1911) enhanced under the I-CeM project. I-CeM does not currently include data for England and Wales 1871, although the project has been able to access a version of the data for that year it does not contain information necessary to calculate many of the variables presented here. Scotland 1911 is also not available. Users should therefore beware that 1871 does not contain data for many of the variables. Additional data has been derived from the tables summarising numbers of births and deaths by year and areas, which were published by the Registrar General of England and Wales in his quarterly, annual and decennial reports of births, deaths and marriages. Data from the decennial reports was obtained from Woods (SN 3552) and we transcribed data from the quarterly and annual reports ourselves. Counts of births and deaths for Scottish Registration Districts were obtained from the Digitising Scotland project at the University of Edinburgh. The dataset builds on SN 8613 and SN 853547 which provide data for a more limited set of variables and for England and Wales only (the same dataset also has two UKDS SN numbers as it was re-routed by UKDS during the deposit process).

This project will present the first historic population geography of Great Britain during the late nineteenth century. This was a period of unprecedented demographic change, when both mortality and fertility started the dramatic secular declines of the first demographic transition. National trends are well established: mortality decline started in childhood and early adulthood, with infant mortality lagging behind, particularly in urban-industrial areas. The fall in fertility was led by the middle classes but quickly spread throughout society. Urban growth was fuelled by movement from the countryside to the city, but there was also considerable migration overseas, particularly from Scotland, although to some extent outmigration was offset by immigration. There was local and regional variation in these patterns, and a contrast between the demographic experiences of Scotland and of England and Wales. Marriage was later in Scotland but fertility within marriage higher, and the improvement in Scottish mortality was slower than that south of the border. However, while there has been research on local and regional patterns within each country, these have mainly been pursued separately, and it is therefore unclear whether there were real national differences or whether there were local demographic continuities across borders, and if so whether they followed economic, occupational, cultural or even linguistic lines. Understanding population processes involves a holistic appreciation of the interaction between the basic demographic components of fertility, mortality, nuptiality and migration, and how they come together, interacting with economic and cultural processes, to create a specific demographic system via the spread of people and ideas. This project is the first to consider a historical population geography of the whole of Great Britain across the first demographic transition, drawing together measures of nuptiality, fertility, mortality and migration for small geographic areas and unpacking how they interacted to produce the more readily available broad-brush national patterns for Scotland and for England and Wales.

We will build on our immensely successful project on the fertility of Victorian England and Wales, which used complete count census data for England and Wales to calculate more detailed fertility measures than ever previously possible for some 2000 small geographic areas and 8 social groups, allowing the investigation of intra-urban as well as urban-rural differences in fertility. The new measures allowed us to examine age patterns of fertility across the two countries for the first time. We were also able to calculate contextual variables from the census data which allowed us to undertake spatial analysis of the influences on fertility over time. As well as academic papers, our previous project presented summary data at a fine spatial resolution in an interactive online atlas, populationspast.org, a major new resource which is already being widely used as a teaching tool in both schools and universities.

In this new project we will calculate comparable measures of fertility and contextual variables using the full count census data for Scotland, 1851 to 1901 inclusive, to complement those for England and Wales....

Agrcultural Census: Availability of account books and organic agriculture methods. Communities/provinces.

Abstract

The 1993/94 Namibia Household Income and Expenditure Survey (NHIES) is the first module of the National Household Survey Programme endorsed by the Government in 1993, a follow-up of the 1991 Population and Housing Census and represents one more step in providing useful statistics for charting and assessing the socio-economic development of the Namibian society. This programme is an integrated part of A Five-Year Development Plan of Statistics in Namibia. The purpose of the study is to highlight the living conditions of the Namibian people with the emphasis on the distribution of the economic resources among the Namibian households. The study provides a basic description of the living conditions in Namibia concerning economic activity, housing and infrastructure, possession of capital goods and property, economic standard as well as consumption and expenditure patterns.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Individuals
• Households

Universe

The 1993/94 Namibia Household Income and Expenditure Survey covered all private households in Namibia. Institutional households (like hospitals, hostels, barracks and prisons) are not included in the NHIES.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

There are essentially two sampling procedures that were followed in the NHIES 1993/94. One for Walvis Bay and one for the rest of Namibia. These will be addressed in turn.

The NHIES 1993/94 for most of Namibia follows a two stage sample design, taking random draws of geographical areas before randomly selecting households within that area. To do this, the Central Statistics Office (CSO), under the National Planning Commission (NPC), had to first develop a master sample frame.

To develop this master sample frame, a set of geographical areas, Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), was created and contained, on average, between 80 and 200 households. These areas were built from the Enumeration Areas (EAs) prepared for the 1991 Population and Housing Census. Small EAs were combined with adjacent EAs to form PSUs of sufficient size. The rule applied was that the number of households in a PSU according to the 1991 Population and Housing Census should be at least 80 households. About 1300 of the 1695 PSUs are made up of single EAs from the 1991 Population and Housing Census while about 400 PSUs are formed by joining two or more EAs. The 1695 PSUs, covering the whole of Namibia (except the Walvis Bay area), were separated into strata of PSUs by region and by rural, small urban and urban areas. The stratification into rural, small urban and urban areas was based on a classification of enumeration areas conducted during the preparations of the 1991 Population and Housing Census. (Note: A different definition of rural and urban areas is used in the statistical reporting from the 1991 Population and Housing Census and the HIES.) The urban areas in the Khomas region and some urban areas in the Otjozondjupa region were further stratified into high income and middle/low income areas. In this way 32 strata were created for the sampling of PSUs As a result of the way the PSUs were created, the number of PSUs of the master sample frame in each region and in each stratum is roughly proportional to the number of households in the region and in the stratum respectively as estimated in the 1991 Population and Housing Census.

Having developed the master sample frame, the NHIES 1993/94 was sampled according to a Probability Proporitional to Size (PPS) of PSUs method in the first stage and a fixed size equal probability sample of households in each selected PSU in the seond. 192 PSUs were selected in the first stage as the master sample.

Initially the master sample was proportionally allocated over the strata in the master sample frame according to the number of households in the 1991 Population and Housing Census. However, some modifications of the allocation were made based on the following: - The variation between households in income level seems to be generally larger in the urban areas than in the rural areas. - The survey costs are considerably lower in the urban areas. - There should be at least 10 PSUs sampled from each region to allow for reasonably good statistics from each region.

It was deemed necessary to have a slight oversampling in urban areas and in one region (Omaheke). A proportional allocation of the 192 PSUs over urban/rural areas gave 66 urban and 126 rural PSUs. But, given the above specifications, the selection of the master sample resulted into 81 urban and 111 rural PSUs.

In the second stage, households were selected from the chosen PSUs. A list of households for each PSU was prepared during a separate listing exercise. The listing was carried out as closely as possible to the start of the data collection in a certain PSU i.e. the month before the NHIES survey month of the PSU. The list of households in the PSU was used as the sampling frame for the selection of households and a systematic equal probability random sample of 24 households from each PSU was drawn.

As initially mentioned, sampling was done slightly differently in Walvis Bay. This is because the region was not integrated in Namibia until 1 March 1994 and could therefore not be included in the NHIES before that date. For planning and logistic reasons Walvis Bay was included in the survey somewhat later - from May 1994. This means that Walvis Bay was included in the NHIES during the last six months of the survey year. The sampling procedure was different from the rest of Namibia. In Walvis Bay the municipality authorities have for administrative purposes created computerized registers of the households in all the three main town areas - Central Walvis Bay (incl. Langstrand), Kuisebmund and Narraville. Most of the households in Walvis Bay are covered by these registers. There are some areas, however, which are not covered by the administrative registers. These areas are the hostel areas of Walvis Bay and the area along the Kuiseb river where the Topnaar population lives. To cover also these population groups, CSO conducted listing of the households in these areas. For security reasons all the hostel areas could not be listed but some areas had to be excluded from the HIES. The number of listed households in the hostel areas was 99 and probably about the same number of households was not listed. The number of Topnaar households listed was 73.

Altogether 144 households from Walvis Bay were selected by mainly a stratified one-stage sample design to be included in the NHIES sample. 24 households were sampled during each of the six months (6 * 24 = 144). Separate strata were defined for Central Walvis Bay (incl. Langstrand), Kuisebmund (excl. the hostel areas), Narraville, the hostel areas and the Topnaar population and altogether 36, 54, 36, 6 and 12 households respectively were sampled from each stratum. (During May-July 1994 10 households were selected each month in Kuisebmund excluding the hostel areas. During August-October 1994 only 8 households were selected in Kuisebmund excluding the hostel areas while 2 households were selected in the hostel areas.)

Sampling deviation

There were numerous issues related to coverage and data collection. These are extensively documented in Section 9 of the Technical and Administrative Report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The contents of the NHIES set of questionnaires were mainly decided on by the statistical user community. The first user-producer meetings took place during March/April 1992 during the first short-term mission of two Swedish consultants. Users from the following institutions took part in these meetings: the National Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Labour, the Ministry of Local Government and Housing, the Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation , the Bank of Namibia, the Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU) and the Social Sciences Division of the University of Namibia. Based on the pilot survey experiences and other considerations, revisions of the NHIES design took place during July - August 1993. Major changes were made in the questionnaires. All of the questionnaires were translated into the major languages of Namibia.

The main forms were: - FORM I: Particulars on Individuals and Households. Filled in at the first interview visit which normally took place the week before the survey month. - FORM II: Daily Record Book. Given to the household at the first visit. The Daily Record Book. The household was urged to record all their transactions on a daily basis in the book. If no literate person was available in the household or its proximity, frequent visits had to be paid by the interviewer. The first interview visit was followed by weekly visits to the household for collecting data on transactions. - FORM III: Cash disbursement and Receipts. Transactions in cash recorded by the household were transferred by the interviewers on a weekly basis. The interviewer also regularly probed the households for cash transactions which they might have forgotten to record in the Daily Record Book. - FORM IV: Transactions in Kind. The interviewer also probed the households for in kind transactions which they might have forgotten to record in the Daily Record Book. - FORM V: Household Opinions. Consists of a module about household opinions concerning how to improve the economic well-being of the households. The Form V interview took place at the last interview visit after the survey month when the data collection concerning all other forms was