This statistic shows the number of people aged 100 and over (centenarians) in the United States from 2016 to 2060. In 2016, there were ****** centenarians in the United States. This figure is expected to increase to ******* in the year 2060.

The number of people aged 100 years or more (centenarians) worldwide is expected to increase significantly over the coming decades. While there were only ******* centenarians in 2000, this number is predicted to increase to over **** million by 2100. As people on the planet live longer, global life expectancy increases.

The modern discovery of the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) by European settlers in 1870 was considered one of the most important events in natural history by leading international scientists and naturalists of that time. Its distinct evolutionary lineage and unique extant morphological characteristics fostered the romantic zoological moniker “living fossil”. Although N. forsteri were suspected of being long-lived, a reliable estimate of maximum age has remained elusive. Maximum age is critical to inform wildlife management and conservation efforts, including the use of population viability models. To estimate the maximum age for N. forsteri, we sourced DNA from “Granddad”, the presumed longest-living lungfish known in a zoological park and utilised an epigenetic ageing clock developed for N. forsteri. This lungfish specimen was gifted to the Chicago John G. Shedd Aquarium from Australia in 1933 and lived there for 84 years until death in 2017. We estimated the age of Granddad at death to be 109 years (±6 years), confirming N. forsteri as a true centenarian species. Genotyping also revealed the natal origin of Granddad to be the Burnett River, Queensland, Australia, the location of the species’ original discovery in 1870. We demonstrate the application of novel molecular techniques to a unique long-lived and captive-raised specimen, to improve estimates of maximum age for the species, and to identify natal origin. This information will support future conservation efforts for this iconic yet endangered species.

BackgroundGut microbiota is closely related to age. Studies from Europe and the U.S. identified featured microbiota in different age groups for the elderly. Asian studies mainly focused on people living in longevity areas. Featured microbiota for the elderly people of different age groups, especially in the centenarian in the general population, has not been well investigated in China.MethodWe conducted a comparative study by including 198 subjects of three age groups (65–70, 90–99, and 100+ years) in East China. Information regarding age, sex, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, food preference, smoking status and alcohol consumption were collected by using a structured questionnaire. Fecal samples for each participant were collected as well. 16S rRNA gene sequencing were employed to analyze the gut microbiota composition. Logistic regression with LASSO feature selection was used to identify featured taxa in different age groups and to assess their potential interactions with other factors such as lifestyle.ResultThe gut microbiota of the 90–99 year and 100+ year age groups showed more diversity, robustness, and richness compared with the 65–70 year age group. PCoA analysis showed a clear separation between the 65–70 and 100+ year age groups. At the species level, Bacteroides fragilis, Parabacteroides merdae, Ruminococcus gnavus, Coprococcus and Clostridium perfringens increased, but Bacteroides vulgatus, Ruminococcus sp.5139BFAA and Clostridium sp.AT5 decreased in the 90–99 year age group. The age differences in gut microbiota were similar across the strata of smoking, alcohol consumption status and food preference.ConclusionOur study demonstrated age differences in many aspects of gut microbiota, such as overall diversity, microbiota structure, and relative abundance of key taxa. Moreover, the gut microbiota of centenarian was significantly different from those of younger age groups of the elderly.

Position (bp) on chromosome 19 (Chr19) of variant, reference (Ref) and Variant (Var) allele, Amino Acid (AA) position, AA1 (ref), AA2 (var), Supercentenarian carriers (shown for reference), Centenarians carriers, Nonagenarians carriers, Minor allele frequency (MAF) in 1000G EUR.Protein-altering variants in TSHZ3 in Georgia Centenarian cohort.

Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS) collected longitudinal data coordinated by the Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies of National School of Development at Peking University. The baseline survey was conducted in 1998 and the follow-up surveys were conducted in 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008-2009, 2011-2012, 2014 and 2017-2018 in randomly selected about half of the counties and city districts in 23 Chinese provinces. In the 8 waves of the CLHLS conducted in 1998-2018, we have conducted face-to-face home-based 113 thousands interviews, including 19.5 thousand centenarians, 26.8 thousands nonagenarians, 29.7 thousands octogenarians, 25.5 thousands younger elders aged 65-79, and 11.3 thousands middle-age adults aged 35-64. In the latest follow-up survey (2017-2018), 15,874 elder people aged 65 and above were visited, and information about 2,226 elder people deceased during 2014-2018 were collected. The questionnaire data collected provides information on family structure, living arrangements and proximity to children, activities of daily living (ADL), the capacity of physical performance, self-rated health, self-evaluation of life satisfaction, cognitive functioning, chronic disease prevalence, care needs and costs, social activities, diet, smoking and drinking behaviors, psychological characteristics, economic resources, and care giving and family support among elderly respondents and their relatives. Information about the health status of the CLHLS participants who were interviewed in the previous wave but died before the current survey was collected by interviewing a close family member. Information provided consists of cause of death, chronic diseases, ADL before dying, frequency of hospitalization or instances of being bedridden from the last interview until death, whether bedridden before death, length of disability and suffering before death, etc. As of March 10, 2020 according to incomplete statistics, there are 8019 registered CLHLS data users (excluding their students and other group members), and they produced following publications using the CLHLS datasets: 356 papers written in English, published in U.S. or European peer-reviewed journals, 455 papers written and published in peer-reviewed Chinese journals, 17 books (in English or in Chinese), 35 Ph.D. dissertations and 104 M.A. theses successfully defended at Universities inside and outside of China.