As of March 2025, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) topped the list of the world’s largest central banks by international reserve assets, reporting holdings valued at **** trillion U.S. dollars. This highlights China’s substantial economic influence and its pivotal role in global finance. The Bank of Japan followed in second place with approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars in reserve assets. The Swiss National Bank ranked third, holding ***** billion U.S. dollars in reserves, and was one of only two European central banks to appear in the top 10.

In 2023, the Federal Reserve System stood as the world's largest central bank, with total assets surpassing *** trillion U.S. dollars. Comprising 12 Federal Reserve Banks, the system's largest component, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, held a significantly higher asset value than its counterparts. The People's Bank of China secured the second position globally, managing assets valued at approximately *** trillion U.S. dollars. Following closely, the Bank of Japan ranked third with assets totaling **** trillion U.S. dollars on its balance sheet.

As of March 2025, the Swiss National Bank ranked as the largest central bank in Europe by international reserve assets, reporting a total of ***** billion U.S. dollars. This highlights the Swiss central bank's strong financial position and influence in the region. The Deutsche Bundesbank held the second-largest reserves, with ***** billion U.S. dollars. Among the central banks observed, Denmark's Nationalbank reported the lowest amount of international reserve assets, totaling ***** billion U.S. dollars.

Between March 2024 and March 2025, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe led the ranking of central banks with the largest annual increases in international reserves assets. The central bank saw its reserve assets increase by *** percent. It was followed by the National Bank of Ethiopia, with an increase of *** percent. On the other hand, several central banks experienced significant decreases in international reserve assets, with the Central Bank of Montenegro leading the list with a staggering ** percent decrease.

As of March 2025, Banco Central do Brasil topped the list of the largest central banks in Latin America and the Caribbean by international reserve assets, reporting ***** billion U.S. dollars. This highlights Brazil's economic strength in the region. Banco de México followed in second place, with approximately ***** billion U.S. dollars in reserve assets.

Please find my Tableau viz for this dataset here: https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/jamie.collins5558/viz/CentralBankReserves/Dashboard1 Feel free to copy, or use as a template/inspiration for your own visualisations.

This dataset provides a comprehensive snapshot of central bank reserves, including foreign exchange (FX) reserves, total reserves, and gold holdings, for 165 countries. It includes detailed metrics such as gold reserves in tonnes and millions (USD), the percentage of total reserves held in gold, and the 20-year change in gold holdings. The dataset also categorises countries by region and economic grouping (e.g., high income, upper middle income, lower middle income, low income), offering a valuable resource for analysing global financial trends, reserve management strategies, and the role of gold in national economies.

• Country: The name of the country (e.g., Afghanistan, United States of America).
• Region: The geographical region of the country (e.g., Central Asia, Western Europe, Latin America & Caribbean).
• Economic grouping: The World Bank income classification of the country (e.g., High income, Upper middle income, - - -- Lower middle income, Low income).
• FX Reserves: Foreign exchange reserves in millions of USD (e.g., 68448.33 for Algeria). Some values are marked as "AWAITED" where data is unavailable.
• Total Reserves: Total reserves (including FX and gold) in millions of USD (e.g., 83007.11 for Algeria). Some values are marked as "AWAITED."
• Gold Reserves Tonnes: Gold reserves held by the central bank in metric tonnes (e.g., 173.56 for Algeria). Some values are marked as "AWAITED."
• Gold Reserves Millions: The value of gold reserves in millions of USD (e.g., 14558.78 for Algeria). Some values are marked as "AWAITED."
• Holdings %: The percentage of total reserves held in gold (e.g., 17.54 for Algeria). Some values are marked as "AWAITED."
• 20yr change: The change in gold holdings (in tonnes) over the past 20 years (e.g., -0.09 for Algeria). Positive values indicate an increase, while negative values indicate a decrease.

Key Statistics Countries Covered: 165 - Regions Represented: Includes Central Asia, Western Europe, Latin America & Caribbean, Middle East & North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Australasia / Oceania, and North America. - Economic Groupings: High income (e.g., United States, Japan), Upper middle income (e.g., Brazil, China), Lower middle income (e.g., India, Egypt), and Low income (e.g., Afghanistan, Haiti). - Largest Gold Reserves: The United States holds the largest gold reserves at 8,133.46 tonnes, valued at $682,276.85 million, accounting for 74.97% of its total reserves. - Highest Gold Holdings %: Bolivia has the highest percentage of reserves in gold at 95.59%, despite holding only 22.53 tonnes. - Largest 20-Year Increase in Gold: The Russian Federation increased its gold holdings by 1,945.79 tonnes over 20 years, followed by China with a 1,684.55-tonne increase. Potential Use Cases

This dataset is ideal for a variety of analytical and research purposes, including:

• Economic Analysis: Investigate the relationship between a country’s economic grouping and its reserve composition, particularly the reliance on gold versus foreign exchange.
• Financial Stability Studies: Analyse how countries with higher gold holdings percentages (e.g., Bolivia, Uzbekistan) manage financial stability compared to those with lower percentages (e.g., Chile, South Korea).
• Historical Trends: Use the 20-year change in gold holdings to study trends in reserve management strategies, such as China and Russia’s significant increases in gold reserves.
• Geopolitical Insights: Explore how regions like Central Asia (e.g., Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan) or Middle East & North Africa (e.g., Qatar, Saudi Arabia) differ in their reserve strategies, potentially reflecting geopolitical priorities.
• Data Visualisation: Create maps, bar charts, or scatter plots to visualise global gold reserves, regional differences, or the correlation between income levels and gold holdings. Notes for Users
• Missing Data: Some countries have "AWAITED" in place of numerical values for FX reserves, total reserves, gold reserves, and holdings percentages. Users may need to handle these missing values (e.g., by excluding them, imputing values, or sourcing additional data).
• Gold Valuation: The "Gold Reserves Millions" column reflects the value of gold reserves in USD, based on the gold price as of 2024. Users should note that gold prices fluctuate, and historical comparisons may require adjustment for price changes.
• 20-Year Change: The "20yr change" column provides the change in gold holdings in tonnes from 2005 to 2025. Negative values indicate a reduction in gold reserves (e.g., Switzerland reduced by 314.35 tonnes), while positive values indicate an increase (e.g., India increased by 521.31 tonnes).

As of March 2025, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe led the ranking of central banks with the largest annual increases in international reserves assets. The central bank saw a 393-percent increase in its reserve assets between March 2024 and March 2025. The National Bank of Ethiopia ranked second, with an increase of *** percent.

This dataset provides values for GOLD RESERVES reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Between March 2024 and March 2025, several central banks across the world experienced significant annual decreases in international reserve assets, indicating a potential shift in economic dynamics. The Central Bank of Montenegro reported the largest decrease, with a ** percent drop. It was followed by Banque Centrale de la République de Guinée, with a ** percent decrease.

This dataset provides values for CASH RESERVE RATIO reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The dollar remained a popular reserve currency across multiple regions in the world in 2023, most notably Latin America. A survey held over the course of that year revealed that the USD made up roughly ** percent of reserves in LATAM central banks. This was different in Europe - including non-euro central banks - where nearly **** of reserve assets were assets. The source adds that the renminbi or Chinese yuan were barely held in any region.

Graph and download economic data for Euro Short-Term Rate: Share of Volume of the 5 Largest Active Banks (ECBESTRSHRVOL5LRGACTBNK) from 2019-10-01 to 2025-08-08 about volume, interbank, Euro Area, percentile, Europe, and rate.

currencies central bank Reserve Bank of Australia. name, central bank, Country, continent, ISO code, symbol, Website, Issuer

This statistic shows the percent share of gold as compared to the total central bank reserves of the countries with the largest gold holdings worldwide as of 2024. At that point, the United States central bank kept approximately 75 percent of its total monetary holdings as gold reserves.

currencies central bank Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe. name, central bank, Country, continent, ISO code, symbol, Website, Issuer

currencies central bank South African Reserve Bank. name, central bank, Country, continent, ISO code, symbol, Website, Issuer

n 2023, Deutsche Bundesbank, the central bank of Germany, was the largest central bank in Europe, with total assets surpassing *** trillion euros by the end of the year. The Bank of France held the second-largest assets among European central banks, amounting to approximately *** trillion euros. The Bank of Italy and the Bank of England followed, with balance sheets totaling **** trillion and *** trillion euros, respectively. On a global scale, only the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Bank of France ranked among the five largest central banks, while the Federal Reserve System held the largest assets in 2023.

Graph and download economic data for Geographical Outreach: Number of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in 3 Largest Cities for Central African Republic (CAFFCACLNUM) from 2008 to 2012 about Central African Republic, ATM, banks, and depository institutions.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Switzerland increased to 716440 CHF Million in July from 713101 CHF Million in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Switzerland Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2023, the Federal Reserve System maintained its position as the world's largest central bank, with its balance sheet assets growing to exceed *** trillion U.S. dollars. Similarly, the People's Bank of China strengthened its second-place standing, with assets surpassing *** trillion U.S. dollars. Notably, while these two giants saw asset increases, a contrasting trend emerged among other major central banks. Three of the **** largest central banks experienced asset decreases in 2023, indicating a divergence in monetary policies or economic conditions across major economies.