Cervical Cancer Risk Factors for Biopsy: This Dataset is Obtained from UCI Repository and kindly acknowledged! This file contains a List of Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer leading to a Biopsy Examination! About 11,000 new cases of invasive cervical cancer are diagnosed each year in the U.S. However, the number of new cervical cancer cases has been declining steadily over the past decades. Although it is the most preventable type of cancer, each year cervical cancer kills about 4,000 women in the U.S. and about 300,000 women worldwide. In the United States, cervical cancer mortality rates plunged by 74% from 1955 - 1992 thanks to increased screening and early detection with the Pap test. AGE Fifty percent of cervical cancer diagnoses occur in women ages 35 - 54, and about 20% occur in women over 65 years of age. The median age of diagnosis is 48 years. About 15% of women develop cervical cancer between the ages of 20 - 30. Cervical cancer is extremely rare in women younger than age 20. However, many young women become infected with multiple types of human papilloma virus, which then can increase their risk of getting cervical cancer in the future. Young women with early abnormal changes who do not have regular examinations are at high risk for localized cancer by the time they are age 40, and for invasive cancer by age 50. SOCIOECONOMIC AND ETHNIC FACTORS Although the rate of cervical cancer has declined among both Caucasian and African-American women over the past decades, it remains much more prevalent in African-Americans -- whose death rates are twice as high as Caucasian women. Hispanic American women have more than twice the risk of invasive cervical cancer as Caucasian women, also due to a lower rate of screening. These differences, however, are almost certainly due to social and economic differences. Numerous studies report that high poverty levels are linked with low screening rates. In addition, lack of health insurance, limited transportation, and language difficulties hinder a poor woman’s access to screening services. HIGH SEXUAL ACTIVITY Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main risk factor for cervical cancer. In adults, the most important risk factor for HPV is sexual activity with an infected person. Women most at risk for cervical cancer are those with a history of multiple sexual partners, sexual intercourse at age 17 years or younger, or both. A woman who has never been sexually active has a very low risk for developing cervical cancer. Sexual activity with multiple partners increases the likelihood of many other sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis).Studies have found an association between chlamydia and cervical cancer risk, including the possibility that chlamydia may prolong HPV infection. FAMILY HISTORY Women have a higher risk of cervical cancer if they have a first-degree relative (mother, sister) who has had cervical cancer. USE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES Studies have reported a strong association between cervical cancer and long-term use of oral contraception (OC). Women who take birth control pills for more than 5 - 10 years appear to have a much higher risk HPV infection (up to four times higher) than those who do not use OCs. (Women taking OCs for fewer than 5 years do not have a significantly higher risk.) The reasons for this risk from OC use are not entirely clear. Women who use OCs may be less likely to use a diaphragm, condoms, or other methods that offer some protection against sexual transmitted diseases, including HPV. Some research also suggests that the hormones in OCs might help the virus enter the genetic material of cervical cells. HAVING MANY CHILDREN Studies indicate that having many children increases the risk for developing cervical cancer, particularly in women infected with HPV. SMOKING Smoking is associated with a higher risk for precancerous changes (dysplasia) in the cervix and for progression to invasive cervical cancer, especially for women infected with HPV. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION Women with weak immune systems, (such as those with HIV / AIDS), are more susceptible to acquiring HPV. Immunocompromised patients are also at higher risk for having cervical precancer develop rapidly into invasive cancer. DIETHYLSTILBESTROL (DES) From 1938 - 1971, diethylstilbestrol (DES), an estrogen-related drug, was widely prescribed to pregnant women to help prevent miscarriages. The daughters of these women face a higher risk for cervical cancer. DES is no longer prsecribed.

BackgroundCervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States have substantially declined over recent decades, primarily driven by reductions in squamous cell carcinoma cases. However, the trend in recent years remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the trends in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, stratified by demographic and tumor characteristics from 1975 to 2018.MethodsThe age-adjusted incidence, incidence-based mortality, and relative survival of cervical cancer were calculated using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-9 database. Trend analyses with annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) calculations were performed using Joinpoint Regression Software (Version 4.9.1.0, National Cancer Institute).ResultsDuring 1975–2018, 49,658 cervical cancer cases were diagnosed, with 17,099 recorded deaths occurring between 1995 and 2018. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type, with 34,169 cases and 11,859 deaths. Over the study period, the cervical cancer incidence rate decreased by an average of 1.9% (95% CI: −2.3% to −1.6%) per year, with the APCs decreased in recent years (−0.5% [95% CI: −1.1 to 0.1%] in 2006–2018). Squamous cell carcinoma incidence trends closely paralleled overall cervical cancer patterns, but the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in the distant stage increased significantly (1.1% [95% CI: 0.4 to 1.8%] in 1990–2018). From 1995 to 2018, the overall cervical cancer mortality rate decreased by 1.0% (95% CI: −1.2% to −0.8%) per year. But for distant-stage squamous cell carcinoma, the mortality rate increased by 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3 to 2.1%) per year.ConclusionFor cervical cancer cases diagnosed in the United States from 1975 to 2018, the overall incidence and mortality rates decreased significantly. However, there was an increase in the incidence and mortality of advanced-stage squamous cell carcinoma. These epidemiological patterns offer critical insights for refining cervical cancer screening protocols and developing targeted interventions for advanced-stage cases.

Mortality from cervical cancer (ICD-10 C53 equivalent to ICD-9 180). To reduce deaths from cervical cancer. Legacy unique identifier: P00193

As of 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate for cervical cancer in females was highest among the Black African population group with ***** cases reported per 100,000 population. This presents a noticeable increase compared to 2018, which reported ***** incidences and ***** deaths per 100,000 population.

This statistic shows the share of women screened for cervical cancer according to the cervical cancer screening program in England from 2011 to 2024. In 2024, 74.3 percent of women aged 50 to 64 received appropriate screening coverage.

IntroductionDespite advancements in cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccines, demographic disparities perpetuate the burden of cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to utilize the most up-to-date CDC WONDER data of cervical cancer mortality to provide a comprehensive temporal analysis of demographic variables and account for patients missed in other database studies. In doing so, temporal trends found in this study may be used to guide future efforts and studies to understand nuanced barriers to cervical cancer screening and prevention.MethodsWith CDC WONDER Data, cervical cancer-related mortality was assessed in the U.S. from 1999 to 2023. Using age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR), temporal trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program for women 25 years and older across race, census regions, urban/rural residence, and states. Annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsCervical cancer-related mortality declined over the study period with an AAPC of –1.043*. Between 2015 and 2023, there was a concerning positive change in AAMR [APC of 0.1272 (95% CI –0.3393 to 1.7502)], though not statistically significant. Black or African American patients experienced the highest AAMR across races but maintained a decrease in mortality rate over the study period [AAPC of -2.670* (95% CI -2.931 to -2.356)]. Region and race analysis demonstrated Black or African American patients in the Northeast held the largest decline in AAMR [AAPC of –3.218* (95% CI –3.708 to –2.390)], while Hispanic or Latino and Black or African American patients in the South closely followed AAPC of –1.347* (–1.898 to –0.824) and –2.656* (95% CI –2.939 to -2.350), respectively]. Rural areas (NonCore and Micropolitan) and the Southern region displayed a concerning positive trend after 2009 and 2010, though not statistically significant [APC values of 0.772 (95% CI -0.328 to 4.888), 0.986 (95% CI –0.252 to 4.887), and 0.286 (95% CI –0.061 to 0.772), respectively].ConclusionThese findings underscore the need for targeted interventions with consideration of regional and racial temporal disparities in cervical cancer-related mortality.

Number and rate of new cancer cases diagnosed annually from 1992 to the most recent diagnosis year available. Included are all invasive cancers and in situ bladder cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Deaths from cervical cancer - Directly age-Standardised Rates (DSR) per 100,000 population Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS) Publisher: Information Centre (IC) - Clinical and Health Outcomes Knowledge Base Geographies: Local Authority District (LAD), Government Office Region (GOR), National, Primary Care Trust (PCT), Strategic Health Authority (SHA) Geographic coverage: England Time coverage: 2005-07, 2007 Type of data: Administrative data

In Italy, the highest number of deaths from cervical cancer in 2020 was among women above 85 years, with *** deaths. This statistic shows the number of deaths from cervical cancer among women in Italy in 2020, by age group.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Brazilian opportunistic screening programs for cervical cancer have limited impact. In the regions of two cities (Campinas and Curitiba) with high human development indices, consistent information from 96-97% of all cervical cancer cases managed within the public healthcare system is available. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rate (IR) and temporal trends in these regions, covering 2001-2012. DESIGN AND SETTING: A population-based cohort study was conducted under the assumption that all cervical cancer cases were managed in cancer referral center hospitals. METHODS: 3,364 records (1,646 from Campinas; 1,718 from Curitiba) were analyzed to provide estimates of IR, age-standardized IR (ASR) and cervical cancer trends (shown per 100,000 women/year). Longitudinal patterns were analyzed using linear regression and shown as annual percentage change (APC); P < 0.05 for significance. RESULTS: Annual IR and ASR estimates for cervical cancer ranged from 3.8 to 8.0 over 2001-2012, decreasing over more recent years, and were similar for the two regions. The age-specific IR was about 50% lower among women aged 45 years or older (IR-2001/IR-2012: Campinas = 14.8/8.0; Curitiba = 18.7/8.3; P < 0.001). There was an increasing APC trend in Campinas among women aged 15-24 years, and a decreasing IR trend for squamous-cell histology in both regions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cervical cancer incidence estimates showed slowly decreasing trends in both regions, most evidently for women aged 45 years or older and for squamous-cell histology. These findings reflect the opportunistic nature of the population screening program, despite the comparatively high economic development level in the two regions.

The relatively high incidence of cervical cancer in women at older ages is an issue in countries performing cervical screening for decades. Controversy remains on when and how to cease screening. Existing population-based studies on effectiveness of cervical screening at older ages have not considered women’s screening history. We performed a nationwide cohort study to investigate the incidence of cervical cancer after age 60 and its association with cervical screening at ages 61-65, stratified by screening history at ages 51-60. Using the Total Population Register, we identified women born between January 1919 and December 1945, resident in Sweden since age 51. According to the year that each county started the electronic record of cervical screening and women’s resident county, we further identified 569,132 women that have cervical screening record available since age 51. Women’s screening records, cervical cancer occurrence, and level of education were retrieved from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry, the National Cancer Register, and LISA (Longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies) respectively. We presented the cumulative incidence of cervical cancer from age 61-80 by using competing risk regression models, and compared the hazard ratio of cervical cancer by screening status at ages 61-65 from Cox models, adjusted for birth cohort and level of education, conditioning on screening history in their 50s. We find that Cervical screening at ages 61-65 is associated with a statistically significant reduction of subsequent cervical cancer risk for women unscreened, or screened with abnormalities, in their 50s. In women screened negative in their 50s, the risk for future cancer is not sizeable, and the risk reduction associated with continued screening appears limited. These findings should inform the current debate regarding age and criteria to discontinue cervical screening.

Purpose:

In order to provide evidence for age and criteria to discontinue cervical screening, we use this data to investigate the impact of cervical screening at ages 61-65 on cervical cancer incidence and stage at ages 61-80, stratifying by screening history at ages 51-60.

This data comprises women born between January 1919 and December 1945, resident in Sweden since age 51, and having cervical screening record available since age 51. It contains the following variables: - Seq_nr: sequence number indicating each individual woman, from 1 to 569,132. - Edu_cat: level of education in three categories: 1=low (less than high school); 2=high school; 3=university exam and above; .=missing. Data are retrieved from LISA (Longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies). - Birth_cat: five categories of birth-year: 1=1919-1925; 2=1926-1930; 3=1931-1935; 4=1936-1940; 5=1941-1945. - Scr_51_60: Screening history at ages 51-60, in five categories: 1=adequately screened, negative; 2=inadequately screened, negative; 3=unscreened; 4=having low-grade abnormality; 5=having high-grade abnormality. Data are retrieved from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry. - Age_first_scr_6165: age at having the first screening test at ages 61-65. (Missing value indicates there is no screening test at ages 61-65). Data are retrieved from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry. - Orgscr_county: If in the county that had more than 40% women being screened at ages 61-65: 0=no; 1=yes. - Age_entry: age when entering the cohort, which is 61 for all women. - Age_exit: age when the follow-up is finished. - Cx_fail: the event of finishing follow-up: 1=having cervical cancer; 2=competing events (death or having total hysterectomy); 3=censoring (emigration, turning age 81, or 2011-12-31). The information is retrieved from the Swedish National Cancer Registry (cervical cancer), Cause of Death Register (death), Patient Register (hysterectomy), and Migration Register (emigration). The dataset also includes three variables created by Swedish National Dataservice (SND-study, SND-dataset, SND-version).

This statistic shows the share of women who have been screened for cervical cancer in the past five years in England in 2023/24, by age. In this year, 77.1 percent of women between the ages 45 and 49 have been screened for cervical cancer in the past five years.

The proportion of women in the resident population eligible for cervical screening aged 25 to 49 years at end of period reported who were screened adequately within the previous 3.5 years.RationaleCervical screening supports detection of cell abnormalities that may become cancer and is estimated to save 4,500 lives in England each year. Inclusion of this indicator provides an opportunity to incentivise screening promotion and other local initiatives to increase coverage of cervical cancer screening.Improvements in coverage would mean more cervical cancer is prevented or detected at earlier, more treatable stages.Definition of numeratorTested women (numerator) is the number of eligible women with a technically adequate screen within the previous 3.5 years.Definition of denominatorEligible women (denominator) is the number of women aged 25 to 49 years resident in the area (determined by postcode of residence) who are eligible for cervical screening at a given point in time, excluding those without a cervix.CaveatsData for ICBs are estimated from local authority data. In most cases ICBs are coterminous with local authorities, so the ICB figures are precise. In cases where local authorities cross ICB boundaries, the local authority data are proportionally split between ICBs, based on population located in each ICB.The affected ICBs are:Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire;Bedfordshire, Luton and Milton Keynes;Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire West;Cambridgeshire and Peterborough;Frimley;Hampshire and Isle of Wight;Hertfordshire and West Essex;Humber and North Yorkshire;Lancashire and South Cumbria;Norfolk and Waveney;North East and North Cumbria;Suffolk and North East Essex;Surrey Heartlands;Sussex;West Yorkshire.Please be aware that the April 2019 to March 2020, April 2020 to March 2021 and April 2021 to March 2022 data covers the time period affected by the COVID19 pandemic and therefore data for this period should be interpreted with caution.This indicator gives screening coverage by local authority of residence. This is not the same as the indicator based on population registered with primary care organisations which include patients wherever they live. This is likely to result in different England totals depending on selected (registered or resident) population footprint.The indicator excludes women outside the target age range for the screening programme who may self refer for screening.

Age-specific HPV type distribution of invasive cervical cancer cases by screening status in last 10 years.

Years of Life Lost (YLL) as a result of death from cervical cancer - Directly age-Standardised Rates (DSR) per 100,000 population Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS) Publisher: Information Centre (IC) - Clinical and Health Outcomes Knowledge Base Geographies: Local Authority District (LAD), Government Office Region (GOR), National, Primary Care Trust (PCT), Strategic Health Authority (SHA) Geographic coverage: England Time coverage: 2005-07, 2007 Type of data: Administrative data

The dataset consists of the state wise estimated incidence of breast cancer and cervical cancer in India as per the National Cancer Registry Programme. The estimates are computer using age specific incidence Rate of 28 PBCRs of 2012-2016 and the projected population (person-years). NB: Incidence estimates of breast cancer is available since 2016 while that of cervical cancer is available since 2015.

Trends in incidence and mortality rates by race and region.

In Italy, the highest number of new diagnoses of cervical cancer was identified among women between 50 and 54 years, with *** new cases in 2020. This statistic shows the number of women with a new diagnosis of cervical cancer in Italy in 2020, by age group.

Legacy unique identifier: P00187

Cervical cancer (CC) is a public health problem with a high disease burden and mortality in developing countries. In Brazil, areas with low human development index have the highest incidence rates of Brazil and upward temporal trend for this disease. The Northeast region has the second highest incidence of cervical cancer (20.47 new cases / 100,000 women). In this region, the mortality rates are similar to rates in countries that do not have a health system with a universal access screening program, as in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of age, period and birth cohorts on mortality from cervical cancer in the Northeast region of Brazil. Estimable functions predicted the effects of age, period and birth cohort. The average mortality rate was 10.35 deaths per 100,000 women during the period analyzed (1980–2014). The highest mortality rate per 100,000 women was observed in Maranhão (24.39 deaths), and the lowest mortality rate was observed in Bahia (11.24 deaths). According to the period effects, only the state of Rio Grande do Norte showed a reduction in mortality risk in the five years of the 2000s. There was a reduction in mortality risk for birth cohorts of women after the 1950s, except in Maranhão State, which showed an increasing trend in mortality risk for younger generations. We found that the high rates of cervical cancer mortality in the states of northeastern Brazil remain constant over time. Even after an increase in access to health services in the 2000s, associated with increased access to the cancer care network, which includes early detection (Pap Test), cervical cancer treatment and palliative care. However, it is important to note that the decreased risk of death and the mortality rates from CC among women born after the 1960s may be correlated with increased screening coverage, as well as increased access to health services for cancer treatment observed in younger women.