According to a survey conducted in Great Britain in September 2021, 27 percent of respondents overall believed it would be safe to socialize indoors with someone who has chosen not to get a vaccine against COVID-19, while over 80 percent said it is safe to socialize indoors with a fully vaccinated person. Furthermore, nearly 90 percent of respondents thought it is safe to socialize outdoors with someone who is fully vaccinated.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the dimensional validity of the perception scale of the risk of contracting COVID-19 and its association with sociodemographic and occupational factors, as well as with sleep complaints, among healthcare workers. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out between May and August 2020, involving healthcare workers from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. They filled in an online questionnaire regarding their work activities, risk perception of contracting COVID-19, and health behavior. We used factor analysis and binomial and multinomial regression models, adjusted for confounders. Results: 2,996 workers participated. Factor analysis confirmed the scale unidimensionality. Greater chances of high-risk perception were reported by women; caretakers of children/elderly; those with a work journey of more than 40h/week; workers from primary health care and emergency units, and from general and specialized hospitals. High risk perception was associated with altered sleep duration (OR = 2.39; 95%CI = 1.95; 2.94), use (OR = 2.08; 95%CI = 1.67; 2.58) and increased dose of sleep medications (OR = 1.91; 95%CI = 1.47; 2.48). Conclusion: risk perception was associated with women, caretakers of children/elderly, longer working hours, sleep complaints, and use of sleeping pills. Investigating factors associated with stressful events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can support actions planning aimed at preventing diseases among healthcare workers.

In January 2023, less than 30 percent of Russians were afraid of contracting the coronavirus (COVID-19), down from 48 percent in October 2021. To compare, in October 2020, the public fear of the disease was measured at 64 percent, which was the highest figure over the observed period. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

The perceived risk of getting infected with the coronavirus, officially known as SARS-CoV-2, has been generally increasing in Mexico as the outbreak develops. On February 28, 2020, Mexico confirmed the first cases of COVID-19 in the country. According to a survey, as of the third week of March, 2020, 63.4 percent of Mexican respondents perceived they had a moderate to high risk of developing the disease, up from a share of 50.7 percent as of the third week of February. As of March 25, 2020, 405 cases of COVID-19 had been confirmed in the country.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Coronavirus affects some members of the population more than others. Emerging evidence suggests that older people, men, people with health conditions such as respiratory and pulmonary conditions, and people of a Black, Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) background are at particular risk. There are also a number of other wider public health risk factors that have been found to increase the likelihood of an individual contracting coronavirus. This briefing presents descriptive evidence on a range of these factors, seeking to understand at a London-wide level the proportion of the population affected by each.

The novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is associated with elevated rates of anxiety and relatively lower compliance with public health guidelines in younger adults. To develop strategies for reducing anxiety and increasing adherence with health guidelines, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to anxiety and health compliance in the context of COVID-19. Earlier research has shown that greater perceived risk of negative events and their costs are associated with increased anxiety and compliance with health behaviors, but it is unclear what role they play in a novel pandemic surrounded by uncertainty. In the present study we measured (1) perceived risk as the self-reported probability of being infected and experiencing serious symptoms due to COVID-19 and (2) perceived cost as financial, real-world, physical, social, and emotional consequences of being infected with COVID-19. Worry was assessed using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PWSQ) and health compliance was measured as endorsement of the World Health Organization (WHO) health directives for COVID-19. Our results showed that greater perceived risk and costs of contracting the COVID-19 virus were associated with greater worry and while only costs were associated with greater compliance with health behaviors. Neither self-reported worry nor its interaction with cost estimates was associated with increased engagement in health behaviors. Our results provide important insight into decision making mechanisms involved in both increased anxiety and health compliance in COVID-19 and have implications for developing psychoeducational and psychotherapeutic strategies to target both domains.

Background: In the absence of an effective vaccine, public health policies are aimed at awareness, and education of the general public in order to contain the quickly spreading COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the recommended precautionary measures are dependent on human behaviors and therefore their effectiveness largely depends on peoples' perception and attitudes toward the disease. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary measures taken in response to COVID-19 in North America.Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, an online survey targeted to North Americans focused on the public's knowledge of COVID-19, risk perception, and precautionary behaviors taken in response to this pandemic. Descriptive analyses were performed for the whole population and the subgroup analyses contrasted the differences between Americans and Canadians.Results: The cohort comprised 1,264 relatively young participants with an average age of 28.6 ± 9.8 years. The vast majority (>90%) were knowledgeable about COVID-19. Regarding risk perception, about a quarter assumed to be at less risk to contract the disease, and 42.8% considered themselves to be less contagious than others. While the vast majority avoided performing risky behaviors, only a small proportion (13.2%) wore a face mask—which is in line with the public health recommendations of the two countries at the time of data collection. Overall, a larger proportion of Canadian participants (55.8%) were satisfied with the performance of their national public health in response to the current pandemic, compared to their American counterparts (12.2%).Discussion: Data regarding the public's knowledge of COVID-19, risk perception, and behaviors in response to this pandemic is limited. The results of this study highlight that this relatively young and educated sample of North Americans had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and a large proportion of them were taking the precautionary measures against this pandemic. However, a significant number of individuals believe to be at less risk of contracting the disease compared to the general population. Educating the public that no one is safe from this disease, could play a role in further limiting risky behaviors and ultimately facilitating disease containment.

In a survey conducted in September 2020, regarding consumer concerns surrounding health risks during coronavirus (COVID-19) in India, ** percent of the respondents consider at least *** member of their household to be high risk for contracting COVID-19. For about ** percent of the respondents, at least *** member of their household has tested positive for COVID-19.

Context

The most prevalent condition in the study is obesity, affecting just over 30 percent of Americans and it followed by diabetes which has a national prevalence of 11.2 percent. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease have a prevalence of just under 7 percent while chronic kidney disease is at approximately 3 percent. The CDC stated that "while the estimated number of persons with any underlying medical condition was higher in population-dense metropolitan areas, overall prevalence was higher in rural nonmetropolitan areas". It also added that "the counties with the highest prevalences of any condition were concentrated in Southeastern states, particularly in Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia, as well as some counties in Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and northern Michigan, among others".

https://www.statista.com/chart/22365/prevalence-of-underlying-conditions-in-us-adults/

Content

Several studies have found that the risk of contracting severe Covid-19 that can result in hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation or death increases with age as well as the presence of underlying health conditions. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released a study showing that a considerable share of the American population has some form of underlying health issue, placing them at risk from severe forms of the virus. The study's findings are based on the 2018 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and U.S. Census population data and it determined that 40.7 percent of U.S. adults (aged 18 and over) have a pre-existing health condition.

Acknowledgements

Niall McCarthy, Data Journalist https://www.statista.com/chart/22365/prevalence-of-underlying-conditions-in-us-adults/

Inspiration

Covid-19

Sensation seeking is an important underlying factor of both positive and negative forms of risk-taking during adolescence and early adulthood. However, macro-factors such as the global COVID-19 pandemic may influence sensation seeking opportunities and risk-taking behaviors that are considered negative and positive. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the associations between sensation seeking and behaviors that are considered positive or negative forms of risk-taking during the Covid-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents and early adults (N = 660, Mage = 22.91, SD = 3.14). Using citizen science methods, negative risk-taking was defined as taking unaccepted risks, such as falsifying vaccination reports or deliberately contracting COVID-19. Positive risk-taking was defined as taking socially accepted risks, such as balancing between the risk to infect elderly people and the need to socialize with peers. Results showed that participants with higher levels of sensation seeking took more positive and negative COVID-19 related risks. An additional finding was that sensation seeking was positively associated with the need to contribute to society. This indicates that during adolescence and early adulthood, sensation seeking may be a driving factor for both positive (i.e., socially accepted) and negative (i.e., socially unaccepted) risk-taking in the context of a high-stake global pandemic, arguing against a one-direction negative relation between sensation seeking and risk-taking.

Data from the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN) on whether and where someone has had to prove they have received a coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine or had a negative test result, on worries about children returning to school including the reasons why and peoples perceptions of their risk of catching COVID-19, covering the period 8 to 19 September 2021.

Around 45 percent of Russians were afraid at least to a certain extent to contract the coronavirus (COVID-19) during a visit to a cinema, according to a survey from August 2020. One fifth of the respondents were sure that it would not happen to them.

While diseases can make anyone sick, some Canadians are more at risk of developing severe complications from an illness due to underlying medical conditions and age. If you are at risk for complications, you can take action to reduce your risk of getting sick from COVID-19.

Information on and infographics about COVID-19 (coronavirus) including how it is spread, how to prevent the chances of getting it, symptoms and what to do if you have symptoms. Information available in multiple languages.

People experiencing homelessness (PEH) were among the most likely to contract the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many PEH utilized high-density public places to satisfy their basic needs (e.g., soup kitchens for sustenance, public libraries for restrooms). This made it difficult for them to limit close contact with others and put them at increased risk of contracting and transmitting COVID-19. Furthermore, it was difficult to follow recommended protective measures--such as handwashing and social distancing--when living in shelters or on the streets. PEH were at higher risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization and death than the rest of the population. The poor living conditions of PEH accelerated aging, leading them to experience geriatric conditions and medical complications more typical of individuals 10-20 years older. They were also at increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disease, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes, all conditions that increase vulnerability to serious COVID-19-related complications and death. These risks were compounded by the fact that PEH also faced significant barriers to accessing quality health care. In the absence of protective action, it was estimated that more than 21,000 PEH would require hospitalization due to COVID-19, more than 7,000 would require critical care, and nearly 3,500 would die. Consequently, the COVID-19 pandemic made housing and health care for PEH one of the top priorities for the U.S. health care and public health systems. State and local governments across the country used federal relief funds to allocate private hotel rooms as protective shelter for vulnerable PEH. In Los Angeles County (LAC), which contains the largest unsheltered homeless population in the nation, 2,400 PEH were placed in hotels. COVID-19 response plans included accommodating up to 15,000 PEH in hotels who would then be moved to permanent housing in 90 days. This rapid push into housing amid a pandemic necessitated a delicate balance between social distancing and maintaining patients' basic needs, continuity of existing care, and personal and social well-being. Permanent supportive housing (PSH)--programs that provide immediate access to independent living situations coupled with support services--is the most effective approach for serving PEH. Numerous studies have demonstrated PSH's effectiveness in improving housing retention, quality of life, and HIV outcomes. Though evidence concerning its impact on other health outcomes, health behaviors, and health care utilization is limited, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has nonetheless recognized PSH as extremely beneficial for PEH's health. COVID-19 was what this organization termed a "housing-sensitive condition"--one whose transmissibility, course, and medical management are particularly influenced by homelessness. Consequently, the National Alliance to End Homelessness recommended the use of PSH as part of its framework to address COVID-19 and homelessness. However, significant questions remain about what types of PSH programs can best address COVID-19-related risk and promote patient-centered outcomes at a time of social and community disruption. There are two distinct approaches to implementing PSH: place-based (PB) PSH, or single-site housing placement in a congregate residence with on-site services, and scattered-site (SS) PSH, which uses apartments rented from a private landlord to house clients while providing mobile case management services. The strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches remain largely unknown but may have direct implications for adherence to COVID-19 prevention protocols and other health-related outcomes.

Data exploration, cleaning, and arrangement with Covid Death and Covid Vaccination which is involved:

1. Data that going to be using

2. Shows the likelihood of dying if you contract covid in your country

3. Show what percentage of the population got Covid

4. Looking at Countries with the Highest Infection Rate compared to the Population

5. Showing the Country with the Highest Death Count per Population

6. Break things down by continent

7. Continents with the Highest death count per population

8. Looking at Total Population vs Vaccinations

9. Used CTE and Temp Table

10. Creating View to store data for later visualizations

Executive summary

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19), first detected by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, China, in Wuhan, Hubei Province in December 2020 and eventually the disease became pandemic. It was declared as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by WHO in January 2020. The COVID-19 disease primarily spreads through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. People infected with the COVID-19 virus experiences mild, moderate or serious respiratory illness.

Health workers play a critical role in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and hence are likely to be the most vulnerable for contracting the disease. Therefore, investigating the extent of infection in health care settings and identifying risk factors for infection among health workers along with follow-up within a facility in which a confirmed case of COVID-19 infection is receiving care can provide useful information on virus transmissibility and routes of transmission, and will bear important step in limiting amplification events in health care facilities.

Objectives:

1. To find out the extent of human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health workers
2. To study the clinical presentations of COVID-19 infection and the risk factors for infection among health workers. 3 To evaluate the effectiveness of infection prevention and control measures among health workers in protecting against COVID-19.
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection prevention and control programmes at health facility level
4. To determine the serological response of health workers with symptomatic and possibly asymptomatic COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective cohort study conducted over a period of seven months, from December 2020 to June 2021, the period covering India’s deadly second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. This was done among the health care workers working in HIMSR & HAHC hospital, a tertiary health care setting (Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital) providing care to patients with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. This hospital located in South East Delhi has 200 bedded COVID-19 Care Hospital and 1050 registered healthcare workers who come in contact with COVID-19-infected persons. The study population (sampling frame) included all the health personnel like doctors, nurses, paramedical staff, housekeeping staff, security staff, students of medical, nursing and paramedical sciences and other front office staff who come in contact with the patients. In this study, the first visit / interview (Baseline) was done when the staff came in contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case. The second visit / interview (Endline) was done between 22-28 days. During each of these two visits, biological sample in the form of serum was collected to check the presence of anti-COVID-19 antibodies

Results:

A total of 192 HCW were recruited in this study. All of them were interviewed and blood was collected for serology at the baseline visit as well as at endline. Out of 192 participants, 119 (61.97%) were detected with SARS-CoV2 antibodies at baseline whereas 73 (38.02%) were seronegative. Again, on22-28 days of follow-up, the seropositivity was 77.7% at the endline. We found that seropositivity was significantly and negatively associated with doctor as profession [OR:0.353, CI:0.176-0.710], COVID-19 symptoms [OR:0.210, CI:0.054-0.820], comorbidities [OR:0.139 , CI: 0.029 - 0.674], recent IPC Training [OR:0.250, CI:0.072 -0.864] , while positively associated with Partially [OR:3.303,CI: 1.256-8.685], as well as fully Vaccinated for COVID-19 [OR:2.428, CI:1.118-5.271]. We also observed seroconversion among 36.7% while 64.0% had increase in titre of antibodies during our follow-up period. The seroconversion was 63.2% in doctors, 42.9% in nurses and 13.0% in paramedics staff. Seroconversion was positively associated with doctor as profession [OR:11.43, CI:2.47 - 52.79] and with partially, as well as fully vaccinated for COVID-19 [OR: 32.63, CI: 5.11 - 208.49]. None of the HCW who were smokers and with any comorbidity did not found to have been seroconversion. We observe a negative and significant relationship of increase in titre of antibodies with recent any ILI symptoms [OR:0.17, 0.13 - 0.94], smokers[OR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.13 - 0.94], HCW with comorbidities [OR:0.08,95CI: 0.01 - 0.71],, recent full IPC Training [OR:0.07, CI:0.01 -0.63] , while positively associated with partially [OR: 7.87, 95CI: 2.18 - 28.40)], as well as fully Vaccinated for COVID-19 [OR: 3.59, 95CI: 1.46 - 8.87]. Majority of the health care worker enrolled in our study had close contact exposure with COVID-19 patients while 5 had indirect exposure. It was observed that almost all (100% in both) doctors and nurses as well as almost all paramedical staff (99%) were wearing some kind of personal protective equipment (PPE) when they were exposed to a COVID-19 patient. We did not found adherences to any of the infection prevention measure adopted by the enrolled HCW during the recent contact with COVID-19 patients to be significantly associated with seroconversion.

Conclusion:

Majority of the health care worker (67% doctor, 80% nurses & 55% paramedics) enrolled in our study had close contact exposure with COVID-19 patient. The results show that among 192 HCW enrolled, 62% were seropositive at the baseline. At end line the seropositivity was increased to 77.7%. The seroconversion rate was also studied. It was found to be 36.7% in our study population (63.2% in doctors, 42.9% in nurses and 13.0% in paramedic’s staff.). Adherence to the recommended IPC measures was reported by most participants. About two third (63%) of the HCW in our study were not vaccinated against COVID-19; nurses and paramedics were higher in proportion among those who were unvaccinated. Fifteen percentage were partially vaccinated and 22% were fully vaccinated against COVID-19, with doctors comprising majority among them. We also found that vaccination had the strongest association with seropositivity, seroconversion as well as serial rise of titre.

An August 2020 survey focused on the Argentinian's perceived risk of COVID-19 contagion in the tourism sector. According to the study, the interviewed Argentinians believed cruises to be the riskiest tourist product to get infected with COVID-19. This type of holiday was rated with an average score of **** out of five points on the risk scale. In contrast, ecotourism or adventure tourism activities were considered to be the least dangerous types of tourism products to cause novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infections.

The first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Taiwan occurred in May 2021. The risk for and severity of this disease vary and are highly dependent on personal habits and comorbidities. Moreover, the gut microbiome, which may be affected by diet, is highly susceptible with regard to the risk and severity of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The relationship between dietary habits, nutritional status, and the effects of these factors on the immune system in the context of a global pandemic is an extremely important topic of immediate concern. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore the effect of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets on COVID-19 severity during the pandemic. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of 509 patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 at a single medical center between May 2021 and August 2021. Patients were divided into three groups according to disease severity. For patients aged ≥65 years, COVID-19 symptom severity was statistically significantly and inversely associated with the adherence to a vegetarian diet (p = 0.013). Moreover, subgroup analysis results showed that older COVID-19 patients and those with a non-vegetarian diet had a higher risk of contracting critically severe COVID-19 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 5.434, p = 0.005]. Further research is needed to determine the effects of dietary habits on COVID-19 risk and severity during the global pandemic.

The New York Times is releasing a series of data files with cumulative counts of coronavirus cases in the United States, at the state and county level, over time. We are compiling this time series data from state and local governments and health departments in an attempt to provide a complete record of the ongoing outbreak.

Since the first reported coronavirus case in Washington State on Jan. 21, 2020, The Times has tracked cases of coronavirus in real time as they were identified after testing. Because of the widespread shortage of testing, however, the data is necessarily limited in the picture it presents of the outbreak.

We have used this data to power our maps and reporting tracking the outbreak, and it is now being made available to the public in response to requests from researchers, scientists and government officials who would like access to the data to better understand the outbreak.

The data begins with the first reported coronavirus case in Washington State on Jan. 21, 2020. We will publish regular updates to the data in this repository.