The IvyDB Signed Volume dataset, available as an add-on product for IvyDB US, contains daily data on detailed option trading volume. Trades in the IvyDB US dataset are assigned as either buyer-initiated or seller-initiated based on the trade price and the bid-ask quote at the time of the trade. The total assigned daily volume is aggregated and updated nightly.

Graph and download economic data for ICE BofA US Corporate Index Option-Adjusted Spread (BAMLC0A0CM) from 1996-12-31 to 2025-07-01 about option-adjusted spread, corporate, and USA.

During decision−making, animals consider not only the current but also the past quality of options. For example, when humans evaluate performance (e.g. sales) of employees, they do not only consider the average performance but also the trend of performance　ascending performance is often viewed as more favorable than descending performance. In our study, we test if non-human animals have a similar bias when they are evaluating options using house-hunting by the acorn ant, Temnothorax curvispinosus, as our model system. Our data show that when nest-site quality is static over time, ant colonies tend to prefer the nest site which was better (i.e. darker) between two nest options. However, when the nest quality changes—one improves and the other worsens—over time, more colonies choose the low-quality, but improving, nest than the high-quality, but worsening, nest. These results suggest that a continuous change of option quality may influence evaluation. We discuss alternative explanations f..., Experimental procedure Prior to the experiment, we induced a colony emigration to an empty home nest placed in the middle of the experimental arena (19 x 27 cm) (see Sasaki and Pratt 2018 for the detail of the emigration procedure). After 24 hours, we introduced two kinds of potential target nests, namely an “improving†nest and a “worsening†nest, one on each side (Figure 1a). These target nests were identical to the home nest except the interior light level, which was controlled by putting light filters on the roof (see Supplementary Information for the detail of the nest design; Figure S1). The home nest was always darker than target nests to prevent early migration. The improving nest initially had a very bright interior light level (approx. 1600 lux) but became darker, and more preferable (Franks et al. 2003; Sasaki et al. 2019), over time (Figure 1b). The interior light level of the worsening nest, on the other hand, was initially very dark (approx. 3 lux) but became brighter, an..., , # Data from: Does the history of option quality affect nest site choice in the acorn ant?

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zw3r228gb

In our study, we test if non-human animals have a similar bias when they are evaluating options using house-hunting by the acorn ant, Temnothorax curvispinosus, as our model system. Our data show that when nest-site quality is static over time, ant colonies tend to prefer the nest site which was better (i.e. darker) between two nest options. However, when the nest quality changes—one improves and the other worsens—over time, more colonies choose the low-quality, but improving, nest than the high-quality, but worsening, nest.

Description of the data and file structure

There are eight columns (A-H): colony ID, choice based on the majority rule, choice based on the consensus rule, condition, number of workers, number of brood items, and the test order.

There were four conditions. In the trend condition, the in...

The average monthly prices for gold increased worldwide between January 2014 and May 2025, although with some fluctuations. In January 2014, the average monthly price for gold worldwide stood at ******** nominal U.S. dollars per troy ounce. Significant jumps in the gold prices were observed, especially in the periods of uncertainty, as the investors tend to see gold as a safe investment option. For instance, the Corona pandemic acted as a shock to the economy, resulting in substantial increases in gold prices in 2020. As of May 2025, gold valued at ******** U.S. dollars per ounce, the highest value reported during this period.

Key information about Australia S&P/ASX 200

• Australia S&P/ASX 200 closed at 8,172.4 points in Feb 2025, compared with 8,532.3 points at the previous month end
• Australia Equity Market Index: Month End: ASX: S&P/ASX 200 data is updated monthly, available from May 1992 to Feb 2025, with an average number of 4,604.3 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 8,532.3 points in Jan 2025 and a record low of 1,428.8 points in Oct 1992

The S&P/ASX 200 Index (XJO) is recognised as the investable benchmark for the Australian equity market, it addresses the needs of investment managers to benchmark against a portfolio characterised by sufficient size and liquidity. The S&P/ASX 200 is comprised of the S&P/ASX 100 plus an additional 100 stocks. It forms the basis for the S&P/ASX 200 Index Future and Options and the SPDR S&P/ASX 200 Exchange Traded Fund (ETF)

Context

NIFTY 500 is India’s first broad-based stock market index of the Indian stock market. It contains the top 500 listed companies on the NSE. The NIFTY 500 index represents about 96.1% of free-float market capitalization and 96.5% of the total turnover on the National Stock Exchange (NSE).

NIFTY 500 companies are disaggregated into 72 industry indices. Industry weights in the index reflect industry weights in the market. For example, if the banking sector has a 5% weight in the universe of stocks traded on the NSE, banking stocks in the index would also have an approximate representation of 5% in the index. NIFTY 500 can be used for a variety of purposes such as benchmarking fund portfolios, launching index funds, ETFs, and other structured products.

• Other Notable Indices -
  • NIFTY 50: Top 50 listed companies on the NSE. A diversified 50-stock index accounting for 13 sectors of the Indian economy.
  • NIFTY Next 50: Also called NIFTY Juniors. Represents 50 companies from NIFTY 100 after excluding the NIFTY 50 companies.
  • NIFTY 100: Diversified 100 stock index representing major sectors of the economy. NIFTY 100 represents the top 100 companies based on full market capitalization from NIFTY 500.
  • NIFTY 200: Designed to reflect the behavior and performance of large and mid-market capitalization companies.

Content

The dataset comprises various parameters and features for each of the NIFTY 500 Stocks, including Company Name, Symbol, Industry, Series, Open, High, Low, Previous Close, Last Traded Price, Change, Percentage Change, Share Volume, Value in Indian Rupee, 52 Week High, 52 Week Low, 365 Day Percentage Change, and 30 Day Percentage Change.

Dataset Glossary (Column-Wise)

Company Name: Name of the Company.

Symbol: A stock symbol is a unique series of letters assigned to a security for trading purposes.

Industry: Name of the industry to which the stock belongs.

Series: EQ stands for Equity. In this series intraday trading is possible in addition to delivery and BE stands for Book Entry. Shares falling in the Trade-to-Trade or T-segment are traded in this series and no intraday is allowed. This means trades can only be settled by accepting or giving the delivery of shares.

Open: It is the price at which the financial security opens in the market when trading begins. It may or may not be different from the previous day's closing price. The security may open at a higher price than the closing price due to excess demand for the security.

High: It is the highest price at which a stock is traded during the course of the trading day and is typically higher than the closing or equal to the opening price.

Low: Today's low is a security's intraday low trading price. Today's low is the lowest price at which a stock trades over the course of a trading day.

Previous Close: The previous close almost always refers to the prior day's final price of a security when the market officially closes for the day. It can apply to a stock, bond, commodity, futures or option co-contract, market index, or any other security.

Last Traded Price: The last traded price (LTP) usually differs from the closing price of the day. This is because the closing price of the day on NSE is the weighted average price of the last 30 mins of trading. The last traded price of the day is the actual last traded price.

Change: For a stock or bond quote, change is the difference between the current price and the last trade of the previous day. For interest rates, change is benchmarked against a major market rate (e.g., LIBOR) and may only be updated as infrequently as once a quarter.

Percentage Change: Take the selling price and subtract the initial purchase price. The result is the gain or loss. Take the gain or loss from the investment and divide it by the original amount or purchase price of the investment. Finally, multiply the result by 100 to arrive at the percentage change in the investment.

Share Volume: Volume is an indicator that means the total number of shares that have been bought or sold in a specific period of time or during the trading day. It will also involve the buying and selling of every share during a specific time period.

Value (Indian Rupee): Market value—also known as market cap—is calculated by multiplying a company's outstanding shares by its current market price.

52-Week High: A 52-week high is the highest share price that a stock has traded at during a passing year. Many market aficionados view the 52-week high as an important factor in determining a stock's current value and predicting future price movement. 52-week High prices are adjusted for Bonus, Split & Rights Corporate actions.

52-Week Low: A 52-week low is the lowest ...

Snapshot img

Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is forecast to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The Foreign Exchange Market is segmented by type (reporting dealers, financial institutions, non-financial customers), trade finance instruments (currency swaps, outright forward and FX swaps, FX options), trading platforms (electronic trading, over-the-counter (OTC), mobile trading), and geography (North America: US, Canada; Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK; Middle East and Africa: UAE; APAC: China, India, Japan; South America: Brazil; Rest of World). This segmentation reflects the market's global dynamics, driven by institutional trading, increasing digital adoption through electronic trading and mobile trading, and regional economic activities, with APAC markets like India and China showing significant growth alongside traditional hubs like the US and UK.
The market is experiencing significant shifts driven by the escalating trends of urbanization and digitalization. These forces are creating 24x7 trading opportunities, enabling greater accessibility and convenience for market participants. However, the market's dynamics are not without challenges. The uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a formidable obstacle for businesses and investors alike, necessitating robust risk management strategies. As urbanization continues to expand and digital technologies reshape the trading landscape, market players must adapt to remain competitive. One significant trend is the increasing use of money transfer agencies, venture capital investments, and mutual funds in foreign exchange transactions. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must navigate the challenges effectively, ensuring they stay abreast of exchange rate fluctuations and implement agile strategies to mitigate risk.
The ability to adapt and respond to these market shifts will be crucial for success in the evolving market.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
Request Free Sample

In the dynamic and intricate realm of the market, entities such as algorithmic trading, order book, order management systems, and liquidity risk intertwine, shaping the ever-evolving market landscape. The market's continuous unfolding is characterized by the integration of various components, including sentiment analysis, Fibonacci retracement, mobile trading, and good-for-the-day orders. Market activities are influenced by factors like political stability, monetary policy, and market liquidity, which in turn impact economic growth and trade settlement. Technical analysis, with its focus on chart patterns and moving averages, plays a crucial role in informing trading decisions. The market's complexity is further amplified by the presence of entities like credit risk, counterparty risk, and operational risk.

Central bank intervention, order execution, clearing and settlement, and trade confirmation are essential components of the market's infrastructure, ensuring a seamless exchange of currencies. Geopolitical risk, currency correlation, and inflation rates contribute to currency volatility, necessitating hedging strategies and risk management. Market risk, interest rate differentials, and commodity currencies influence trading strategies, while cross-border payments and brokerage services facilitate international trade. The ongoing evolution of the market is marked by the emergence of advanced trading platforms, automated trading, and real-time data feeds, enabling traders to make informed decisions in an increasingly interconnected and complex global economy.

How is this Foreign Exchange Industry segmented?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem where various entities interplay to manage currency risks and facilitate international trade. Reporting dealers, as key participants,

Phenotypic plasticity may allow species to cope with environmental variation. The study of thermal plasticity and its evolution helps understanding how populations respond to variation in temperature. In the context of climate change, it is essential to realize the impact of historical differences in the ability of populations to exhibit a plastic response to thermal variation and how it evolves during colonization of new environments. We have analyzed the real-time evolution of thermal reaction norms of adult and juvenile traits in Drosophila subobscura populations from three locations of Europe in the laboratory. These populations were kept at a constant temperature of 18ºC, and were periodically assayed at three experimental temperatures (13ºC, 18ºC and 23ºC). We found initial differentiation between populations in thermal plasticity as well as evolutionary convergence in the shape of reaction norms for some adult traits, but not for any of the juvenile traits. Contrary to theoretical expectations, an overall better performance of high latitude populations across temperatures in early generations was observed. Our study shows that the evolution of thermal plasticity is trait specific, and that a new stable environment did not limit the ability of populations to cope with environmental challenges.