Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
Code:
Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py
To run this code:
pkt_features.py [-h] -i TXTFILE [-x X] [-y Y] [-z Z] [-ml] [-s S] -j
-h, --help show this help message and exit -i TXTFILE input text file -x X Add first X number of total packets as features. -y Y Add first Y number of negative packets as features. -z Z Add first Z number of positive packets as features. -ml Output to text file all websites in the format of websiteNumber1,feature1,feature2,... -s S Generate samples using size s. -j
Purpose:
Turns a text file containing lists of incomeing and outgoing network packet sizes into separate website objects with associative features.
Uses Features.py to calcualte the features.
startMachineLearning.sh & machineLearning.py
To run this code:
bash startMachineLearning.sh
This code then runs machineLearning.py in a tmux session with the nessisary file paths and flags
Options (to be edited within this file):
--evaluate-only to test 5 fold cross validation accuracy
--test-scaling-normalization to test 6 different combinations of scalers and normalizers
Note: once the best combination is determined, it should be added to the data_preprocessing function in machineLearning.py for future use
--grid-search to test the best grid search hyperparameters - note: the possible hyperparameters must be added to train_model under 'if not evaluateOnly:' - once best hyperparameters are determined, add them to train_model under 'if evaluateOnly:'
Purpose:
Using the .ml file generated by Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py, this program trains a RandomForest Classifier on the provided data and provides results using cross validation. These results include the best scaling and normailzation options for each data set as well as the best grid search hyperparameters based on the provided ranges.
Data
Encrypted network traffic was collected on an isolated computer visiting different Wikipedia and New York Times articles, different Google search queres (collected in the form of their autocomplete results and their results page), and different actions taken on a Virtual Reality head set.
Data for this experiment was stored and analyzed in the form of a txt file for each experiment which contains:
First number is a classification number to denote what website, query, or vr action is taking place.
The remaining numbers in each line denote:
The size of a packet,
and the direction it is traveling.
negative numbers denote incoming packets
positive numbers denote outgoing packets
Figure 4 Data
This data uses specific lines from the Virtual Reality.txt file.
The action 'LongText Search' refers to a user searching for "Saint Basils Cathedral" with text in the Wander app.
The action 'ShortText Search' refers to a user searching for "Mexico" with text in the Wander app.
The .xlsx and .csv file are identical
Each file includes (from right to left):
The origional packet data,
each line of data organized from smallest to largest packet size in order to calculate the mean and standard deviation of each packet capture,
and the final Cumulative Distrubution Function (CDF) caluclation that generated the Figure 4 Graph.
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In May 2020, YouTube generated over 5.3 billion global visits via organic search traffic. Second-ranked Wikipedia accumulated less than half of that, claiming 2.2 billion organic search visits. Social network Facebook rounded off the top properties with more than a billion organic search visits during the measured period.
In November 2024, Google.com was the most popular website worldwide with 136 billion average monthly visits. The online platform has held the top spot as the most popular website since June 2010, when it pulled ahead of Yahoo into first place. Second-ranked YouTube generated more than 72.8 billion monthly visits in the measured period. The internet leaders: search, social, and e-commerce Social networks, search engines, and e-commerce websites shape the online experience as we know it. While Google leads the global online search market by far, YouTube and Facebook have become the world’s most popular websites for user generated content, solidifying Alphabet’s and Meta’s leadership over the online landscape. Meanwhile, websites such as Amazon and eBay generate millions in profits from the sale and distribution of goods, making the e-market sector an integral part of the global retail scene. What is next for online content? Powering social media and websites like Reddit and Wikipedia, user-generated content keeps moving the internet’s engines. However, the rise of generative artificial intelligence will bring significant changes to how online content is produced and handled. ChatGPT is already transforming how online search is performed, and news of Google's 2024 deal for licensing Reddit content to train large language models (LLMs) signal that the internet is likely to go through a new revolution. While AI's impact on the online market might bring both opportunities and challenges, effective content management will remain crucial for profitability on the web.
Click Web Traffic Combined with Transaction Data: A New Dimension of Shopper Insights
Consumer Edge is a leader in alternative consumer data for public and private investors and corporate clients. Click enhances the unparalleled accuracy of CE Transact by allowing investors to delve deeper and browse further into global online web traffic for CE Transact companies and more. Leverage the unique fusion of web traffic and transaction datasets to understand the addressable market and understand spending behavior on consumer and B2B websites. See the impact of changes in marketing spend, search engine algorithms, and social media awareness on visits to a merchant’s website, and discover the extent to which product mix and pricing drive or hinder visits and dwell time. Plus, Click uncovers a more global view of traffic trends in geographies not covered by Transact. Doubleclick into better forecasting, with Click.
Consumer Edge’s Click is available in machine-readable file delivery and enables: • Comprehensive Global Coverage: Insights across 620+ brands and 59 countries, including key markets in the US, Europe, Asia, and Latin America. • Integrated Data Ecosystem: Click seamlessly maps web traffic data to CE entities and stock tickers, enabling a unified view across various business intelligence tools. • Near Real-Time Insights: Daily data delivery with a 5-day lag ensures timely, actionable insights for agile decision-making. • Enhanced Forecasting Capabilities: Combining web traffic indicators with transaction data helps identify patterns and predict revenue performance.
Use Case: Analyze Year Over Year Growth Rate by Region
Problem A public investor wants to understand how a company’s year-over-year growth differs by region.
Solution The firm leveraged Consumer Edge Click data to: • Gain visibility into key metrics like views, bounce rate, visits, and addressable spend • Analyze year-over-year growth rates for a time period • Breakout data by geographic region to see growth trends
Metrics Include: • Spend • Items • Volume • Transactions • Price Per Volume
Inquire about a Click subscription to perform more complex, near real-time analyses on public tickers and private brands as well as for industries beyond CPG like: • Monitor web traffic as a leading indicator of stock performance and consumer demand • Analyze customer interest and sentiment at the brand and sub-brand levels
Consumer Edge offers a variety of datasets covering the US, Europe (UK, Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain), and across the globe, with subscription options serving a wide range of business needs.
Consumer Edge is the Leader in Data-Driven Insights Focused on the Global Consumer
Mobile accounts for approximately half of web traffic worldwide. In the last quarter of 2024, mobile devices (excluding tablets) generated 62.54 percent of global website traffic. Mobiles and smartphones consistently hoovered around the 50 percent mark since the beginning of 2017, before surpassing it in 2020. Mobile traffic Due to low infrastructure and financial restraints, many emerging digital markets skipped the desktop internet phase entirely and moved straight onto mobile internet via smartphone and tablet devices. India is a prime example of a market with a significant mobile-first online population. Other countries with a significant share of mobile internet traffic include Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya. In most African markets, mobile accounts for more than half of the web traffic. By contrast, mobile only makes up around 45.49 percent of online traffic in the United States. Mobile usage The most popular mobile internet activities worldwide include watching movies or videos online, e-mail usage and accessing social media. Apps are a very popular way to watch video on the go and the most-downloaded entertainment apps in the Apple App Store are Netflix, Tencent Video and Amazon Prime Video.
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
Attributes of sites in Hamilton City which collect anonymised data from a sample of vehicles. Note: A Link is the section of the road between two sites
Column_InfoSite_Id, int : Unique identiferNumber, int : Asset number. Note: If the site is at a signalised intersection, Number will match 'Site_Number' in the table 'Traffic Signal Site Location'Is_Enabled, varchar : Site is currently enabledDisabled_Date, datetime : If currently disabled, the date at which the site was disabledSite_Name, varchar : Description of the site locationLatitude, numeric : North-south geographic coordinatesLongitude, numeric : East-west geographic coordinates
Relationship
Disclaimer
Hamilton City Council does not make any representation or give any warranty as to the accuracy or exhaustiveness of the data released for public download. Levels, locations and dimensions of works depicted in the data may not be accurate due to circumstances not notified to Council. A physical check should be made on all levels, locations and dimensions before starting design or works.
Hamilton City Council shall not be liable for any loss, damage, cost or expense (whether direct or indirect) arising from reliance upon or use of any data provided, or Council's failure to provide this data.
While you are free to crop, export and re-purpose the data, we ask that you attribute the Hamilton City Council and clearly state that your work is a derivative and not the authoritative data source. Please include the following statement when distributing any work derived from this data:
‘This work is derived entirely or in part from Hamilton City Council data; the provided information may be updated at any time, and may at times be out of date, inaccurate, and/or incomplete.'
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Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
License information was derived automatically
Digital technology and Internet use, website traffic strategies, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and size of enterprise for Canada from 2012 to 2013.
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
This dataset was used in the Kaggle Wikipedia Web Traffic forecasting competition. It contains 145063 daily time series representing the number of hits or web traffic for a set of Wikipedia pages from 2015-07-01 to 2017-09-10.
The original dataset contains missing values. They have been simply replaced by zeros.
Unlock the Power of Behavioural Data with GDPR-Compliant Clickstream Insights.
Swash clickstream data offers a comprehensive and GDPR-compliant dataset sourced from users worldwide, encompassing both desktop and mobile browsing behaviour. Here's an in-depth look at what sets us apart and how our data can benefit your organisation.
User-Centric Approach: Unlike traditional data collection methods, we take a user-centric approach by rewarding users for the data they willingly provide. This unique methodology ensures transparent data collection practices, encourages user participation, and establishes trust between data providers and consumers.
Wide Coverage and Varied Categories: Our clickstream data covers diverse categories, including search, shopping, and URL visits. Whether you are interested in understanding user preferences in e-commerce, analysing search behaviour across different industries, or tracking website visits, our data provides a rich and multi-dimensional view of user activities.
GDPR Compliance and Privacy: We prioritise data privacy and strictly adhere to GDPR guidelines. Our data collection methods are fully compliant, ensuring the protection of user identities and personal information. You can confidently leverage our clickstream data without compromising privacy or facing regulatory challenges.
Market Intelligence and Consumer Behaviuor: Gain deep insights into market intelligence and consumer behaviour using our clickstream data. Understand trends, preferences, and user behaviour patterns by analysing the comprehensive user-level, time-stamped raw or processed data feed. Uncover valuable information about user journeys, search funnels, and paths to purchase to enhance your marketing strategies and drive business growth.
High-Frequency Updates and Consistency: We provide high-frequency updates and consistent user participation, offering both historical data and ongoing daily delivery. This ensures you have access to up-to-date insights and a continuous data feed for comprehensive analysis. Our reliable and consistent data empowers you to make accurate and timely decisions.
Custom Reporting and Analysis: We understand that every organisation has unique requirements. That's why we offer customisable reporting options, allowing you to tailor the analysis and reporting of clickstream data to your specific needs. Whether you need detailed metrics, visualisations, or in-depth analytics, we provide the flexibility to meet your reporting requirements.
Data Quality and Credibility: We take data quality seriously. Our data sourcing practices are designed to ensure responsible and reliable data collection. We implement rigorous data cleaning, validation, and verification processes, guaranteeing the accuracy and reliability of our clickstream data. You can confidently rely on our data to drive your decision-making processes.
According to the results of a survey conducted worldwide in 2023, nearly **** of responding digital marketers believed artificial intelligence (AI) would have a positive impact on website search traffic in the next five years. Some ** percent stated AI would have a neutral effect, while ** percent agreed that the technology would negatively impact search traffic.
As of 2019, direct traffic accounts for the largest percentage of website traffic worldwide, with a share of 55 percent. Additionally, search traffic accounts for 29 percent of worldwide website traffic.
DataForSEO Labs API offers three powerful keyword research algorithms and historical keyword data:
• Related Keywords from the “searches related to” element of Google SERP. • Keyword Suggestions that match the specified seed keyword with additional words before, after, or within the seed key phrase. • Keyword Ideas that fall into the same category as specified seed keywords. • Historical Search Volume with current cost-per-click, and competition values.
Based on in-market categories of Google Ads, you can get keyword ideas from the relevant Categories For Domain and discover relevant Keywords For Categories. You can also obtain Top Google Searches with AdWords and Bing Ads metrics, product categories, and Google SERP data.
You will find well-rounded ways to scout the competitors:
• Domain Whois Overview with ranking and traffic info from organic and paid search. • Ranked Keywords that any domain or URL has positions for in SERP. • SERP Competitors and the rankings they hold for the keywords you specify. • Competitors Domain with a full overview of its rankings and traffic from organic and paid search. • Domain Intersection keywords for which both specified domains rank within the same SERPs. • Subdomains for the target domain you specify along with the ranking distribution across organic and paid search. • Relevant Pages of the specified domain with rankings and traffic data. • Domain Rank Overview with ranking and traffic data from organic and paid search. • Historical Rank Overview with historical data on rankings and traffic of the specified domain from organic and paid search. • Page Intersection keywords for which the specified pages rank within the same SERP.
All DataForSEO Labs API endpoints function in the Live mode. This means you will be provided with the results in response right after sending the necessary parameters with a POST request.
The limit is 2000 API calls per minute, however, you can contact our support team if your project requires higher rates.
We offer well-rounded API documentation, GUI for API usage control, comprehensive client libraries for different programming languages, free sandbox API testing, ad hoc integration, and deployment support.
We have a pay-as-you-go pricing model. You simply add funds to your account and use them to get data. The account balance doesn't expire.
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
The Google Merchandise Store sells Google branded merchandise. The data is typical of what you would see for an ecommerce website.
The sample dataset contains Google Analytics 360 data from the Google Merchandise Store, a real ecommerce store. The Google Merchandise Store sells Google branded merchandise. The data is typical of what you would see for an ecommerce website. It includes the following kinds of information:
Traffic source data: information about where website visitors originate. This includes data about organic traffic, paid search traffic, display traffic, etc. Content data: information about the behavior of users on the site. This includes the URLs of pages that visitors look at, how they interact with content, etc. Transactional data: information about the transactions that occur on the Google Merchandise Store website.
Fork this kernel to get started.
Banner Photo by Edho Pratama from Unsplash.
What is the total number of transactions generated per device browser in July 2017?
The real bounce rate is defined as the percentage of visits with a single pageview. What was the real bounce rate per traffic source?
What was the average number of product pageviews for users who made a purchase in July 2017?
What was the average number of product pageviews for users who did not make a purchase in July 2017?
What was the average total transactions per user that made a purchase in July 2017?
What is the average amount of money spent per session in July 2017?
What is the sequence of pages viewed?
This is a dynamic traffic map service with capabilities for visualizing traffic speeds relative to free-flow speeds as well as traffic incidents which can be visualized and identified. The traffic data is updated every five minutes. Traffic speeds are displayed as a percentage of free-flow speeds, which is frequently the speed limit or how fast cars tend to travel when unencumbered by other vehicles. The streets are color coded as follows:Green (fast): 85 - 100% of free flow speedsYellow (moderate): 65 - 85%Orange (slow); 45 - 65%Red (stop and go): 0 - 45%Esri's historical, live, and predictive traffic feeds come directly from HERE (www.HERE.com). HERE collects billions of GPS and cell phone probe records per month and, where available, uses sensor and toll-tag data to augment the probe data collected. An advanced algorithm compiles the data and computes accurate speeds. Historical traffic is based on the average of observed speeds over the past three years. The live and predictive traffic data is updated every five minutes through traffic feeds. The color coded traffic map layer can be used to represent relative traffic speeds; this is a common type of a map for online services and is used to provide context for routing, navigation and field operations. The traffic map layer contains two sublayers: Traffic and Live Traffic. The Traffic sublayer (shown by default) leverages historical, live and predictive traffic data; while the Live Traffic sublayer is calculated from just the live and predictive traffic data only. A color coded traffic map image can be requested for the current time and any time in the future. A map image for a future request might be used for planning purposes. The map layer also includes dynamic traffic incidents showing the location of accidents, construction, closures and other issues that could potentially impact the flow of traffic. Traffic incidents are commonly used to provide context for routing, navigation and field operations. Incidents are not features; they cannot be exported and stored for later use or additional analysis. The service works globally and can be used to visualize traffic speeds and incidents in many countries. Check the service coverage web map to determine availability in your area of interest. In the coverage map, the countries color coded in dark green support visualizing live traffic. The support for traffic incidents can be determined by identifying a country. For detailed information on this service, including a data coverage map, visit the directions and routing documentation and ArcGIS Help.
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
General data recollected for the studio " Analysis of the Quantitative Impact of Social Networks on Web Traffic of Cybermedia in the 27 Countries of the European Union".
Four research questions are posed: what percentage of the total web traffic generated by cybermedia in the European Union comes from social networks? Is said percentage higher or lower than that provided through direct traffic and through the use of search engines via SEO positioning? Which social networks have a greater impact? And is there any degree of relationship between the specific weight of social networks in the web traffic of a cybermedia and circumstances such as the average duration of the user's visit, the number of page views or the bounce rate understood in its formal aspect of not performing any kind of interaction on the visited page beyond reading its content?
To answer these questions, we have first proceeded to a selection of the cybermedia with the highest web traffic of the 27 countries that are currently part of the European Union after the United Kingdom left on December 31, 2020. In each nation we have selected five media using a combination of the global web traffic metrics provided by the tools Alexa (https://www.alexa.com/), which ceased to be operational on May 1, 2022, and SimilarWeb (https:// www.similarweb.com/). We have not used local metrics by country since the results obtained with these first two tools were sufficiently significant and our objective is not to establish a ranking of cybermedia by nation but to examine the relevance of social networks in their web traffic.
In all cases, cybermedia whose property corresponds to a journalistic company have been selected, ruling out those belonging to telecommunications portals or service providers; in some cases they correspond to classic information companies (both newspapers and televisions) while in others they refer to digital natives, without this circumstance affecting the nature of the research proposed.
Below we have proceeded to examine the web traffic data of said cybermedia. The period corresponding to the months of October, November and December 2021 and January, February and March 2022 has been selected. We believe that this six-month stretch allows possible one-time variations to be overcome for a month, reinforcing the precision of the data obtained.
To secure this data, we have used the SimilarWeb tool, currently the most precise tool that exists when examining the web traffic of a portal, although it is limited to that coming from desktops and laptops, without taking into account those that come from mobile devices, currently impossible to determine with existing measurement tools on the market.
It includes:
Web traffic general data: average visit duration, pages per visit and bounce rate Web traffic origin by country Percentage of traffic generated from social media over total web traffic Distribution of web traffic generated from social networks Comparison of web traffic generated from social netwoks with direct and search procedures
Analytics data covering website traffic, languages, and categories
CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedicationhttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
License information was derived automatically
We present a dataset targeting a large set of popular pages (Alexa top-500), from probes from several ISPs networks, browsers software (Chrome, Firefox) and viewport combinations, for over 200,000 experiments realized in 2019.We purposely collect two distinct sets with two different tools, namely Web Page Test (WPT) and Web View (WV), varying a number of relevant parameters and conditions, for a total of 200K+ web sessions, roughly equally split among WV and WPT. Our dataset comprises variations in terms of geographical coverage, scale, diversity and representativeness (location, targets, protocol, browser, viewports, metrics).For Web Page Test, we used the online service www.webpagetest.org at different locations worldwide (Europe, Asia, USA) and private WPT instances in three locations in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Dongguan). The list of target URLs comprised the main pages and five random subpages from Alexa top-500 worldwide and China. We varied network conditions : native connections and 4G, FIOS, 3GFast, DSL, and custom shaping/loss conditions. The other elements in the configuration were fixed: Chrome browser on desktop with a fixed screen resolution, HTTP/2 protocol and IPv4.For Web View, we collected experiments from three machines located in France. We selected two versions of two browser families (Chrome 75/77, Firefox 63/68), two screen sizes (1920x1080, 1440x900), and employ different browser configurations (one half of the experiments activate the AdBlock plugin) from two different access technologies (fiber and ADSL). From a protocol standpoint, we used both IPv4 and IPv6, with HTTP/2 and QUIC, and performed repeated experiments with cached objects/DNS. Given the settings diversity, we restricted the number of websites to about 50 among the Alexa top-500 websites, to ensure statistical relevance of the collected samples for each page.The two archives IFIPNetworking2020_WebViewOrange.zip
and IFIPNetworking2020_Webpagetest.zip
correspond respectively to the Web View experiments and to the Web Page Test experiments.Each archive contains three files:- config.csv
: Description of parameters and conditions for each run,- metrics.csv
: Value of different metrics collected by the browser,- progressionCurves.csv
: Progression curves of the bytes progress as seen by the network, from 0 to 10 seconds by steps of 100 milliseconds,- listUrl
folder: Indexes the sets of urls.Regarding config.csv
, the columns are: - index: Index for this set of conditions, - location: Location of the machine, - listUrl: List of urls, located in the folder listUrl - browserUsed: Internet browser and version - terminal: Desktop or Mobile - collectionEnvironment: Identification of the collection environment - networkConditionsTrafficShaping (WPT only): Whether native condition or traffic shaping (4G, FIOS, 3GFast, DSL, or custom Emulator conditions) - networkConditionsBandwidth (WPT only): Bandwidth of the network - networkConditionsDelay (WPT only): Delay in the network - networkConditions (WV only): network conditions - ipMode (WV only): requested L3 protocol, - requestedProtocol (WV only): requested L7 protocol - adBlocker (WV only): Whether adBlocker is used or not - winSize (WV only): Window sizeRegarding metrics.csv
, the columns are: - id: Unique identification of an experiment (consisting of an index 'set of conditions' and an index 'current page') - DOM Content Loaded Event End (ms): DOM time, - First Paint (ms) (WV only): First paint time, - Load Event End (ms): Page Load Time from W3C, - RUM Speed Index (ms) (WV only): RUM Speed Index, - Speed Index (ms) (WPT only): Speed Index, - Time for Full Visual Rendering (ms) (WV only): Time for Full Visual Rendering - Visible portion (%) (WV only): Visible portion, - Time to First Byte (ms) (WPT only): Time to First Byte, - Visually Complete (ms) (WPT only): Visually Complete used to compute the Speed Index, - aatf: aatf using ATF-chrome-plugin - bi_aatf: bi_aatf using ATF-chrome-plugin - bi_plt: bi_plt using ATF-chrome-plugin - dom: dom using ATF-chrome-plugin - ii_aatf: ii_aatf using ATF-chrome-plugin - ii_plt: ii_plt using ATF-chrome-plugin - last_css: last_css using ATF-chrome-plugin - last_img: last_img using ATF-chrome-plugin - last_js: last_js using ATF-chrome-plugin - nb_ress_css: nb_ress_css using ATF-chrome-plugin - nb_ress_img: nb_ress_img using ATF-chrome-plugin - nb_ress_js: nb_ress_js using ATF-chrome-plugin - num_origins: num_origins using ATF-chrome-plugin - num_ressources: num_ressources using ATF-chrome-plugin - oi_aatf: oi_aatf using ATF-chrome-plugin - oi_plt: oi_plt using ATF-chrome-plugin - plt: plt using ATF-chrome-pluginRegarding progressionCurves.csv
, the columns are: - id: Unique identification of an experiment (consisting of an index 'set of conditions' and an index 'current page') - url: Url of the current page. SUBPAGE stands for a path. - run: Current run (linked with index of the config for WPT) - filename: Filename of the pcap - fullname: Fullname of the pcap - har_size: Size of the HAR for this experiment, - pagedata_size: Size of the page data report - pcap_size: Size of the pcap - App Byte Index (ms): Application Byte Index as computed from the har file (in the browser) - bytesIn_APP: Total bytes in as seen in the browser, - bytesIn_NET: Total bytes in as seen in the network, - X_BI_net: Network Byte Index computed from the pcap file (in the network) - X_bin_0_for_B_completion to X_bin_99_for_B_completion: X_bin_k_for_B_completion is the bytes progress reached after k*100 millisecondsIf you use these datasets in your research, you can reference to the appropriate paper:@inproceedings{qoeNetworking2020, title={Revealing QoE of Web Users from Encrypted Network Traffic}, author={Huet, Alexis and Saverimoutou, Antoine and Ben Houidi, Zied and Shi, Hao and Cai, Shengming and Xu, Jinchun and Mathieu, Bertrand and Rossi, Dario}, booktitle={2020 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)}, year={2020}, organization={IEEE}}
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Web Analytics Market was valued at USD 6.16 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 13.6 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 18.58% from 2026 to 2032.
Web Analytics Market Drivers
Data-Driven Decision Making: Businesses increasingly rely on data-driven insights to optimize their online strategies. Web analytics provides valuable data on website traffic, user behavior, and conversion rates, enabling data-driven decision-making.
E-commerce Growth: The rapid growth of e-commerce has fueled the demand for web analytics tools to track online sales, customer behavior, and marketing campaign effectiveness.
Mobile Dominance: The increasing use of mobile devices for internet browsing has made mobile analytics a crucial aspect of web analytics. Businesses need to understand how users interact with their websites and apps on mobile devices.
analytics tools can be complex to implement and use, requiring technical expertise.
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
Code:
Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py
To run this code:
pkt_features.py [-h] -i TXTFILE [-x X] [-y Y] [-z Z] [-ml] [-s S] -j
-h, --help show this help message and exit -i TXTFILE input text file -x X Add first X number of total packets as features. -y Y Add first Y number of negative packets as features. -z Z Add first Z number of positive packets as features. -ml Output to text file all websites in the format of websiteNumber1,feature1,feature2,... -s S Generate samples using size s. -j
Purpose:
Turns a text file containing lists of incomeing and outgoing network packet sizes into separate website objects with associative features.
Uses Features.py to calcualte the features.
startMachineLearning.sh & machineLearning.py
To run this code:
bash startMachineLearning.sh
This code then runs machineLearning.py in a tmux session with the nessisary file paths and flags
Options (to be edited within this file):
--evaluate-only to test 5 fold cross validation accuracy
--test-scaling-normalization to test 6 different combinations of scalers and normalizers
Note: once the best combination is determined, it should be added to the data_preprocessing function in machineLearning.py for future use
--grid-search to test the best grid search hyperparameters - note: the possible hyperparameters must be added to train_model under 'if not evaluateOnly:' - once best hyperparameters are determined, add them to train_model under 'if evaluateOnly:'
Purpose:
Using the .ml file generated by Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py, this program trains a RandomForest Classifier on the provided data and provides results using cross validation. These results include the best scaling and normailzation options for each data set as well as the best grid search hyperparameters based on the provided ranges.
Data
Encrypted network traffic was collected on an isolated computer visiting different Wikipedia and New York Times articles, different Google search queres (collected in the form of their autocomplete results and their results page), and different actions taken on a Virtual Reality head set.
Data for this experiment was stored and analyzed in the form of a txt file for each experiment which contains:
First number is a classification number to denote what website, query, or vr action is taking place.
The remaining numbers in each line denote:
The size of a packet,
and the direction it is traveling.
negative numbers denote incoming packets
positive numbers denote outgoing packets
Figure 4 Data
This data uses specific lines from the Virtual Reality.txt file.
The action 'LongText Search' refers to a user searching for "Saint Basils Cathedral" with text in the Wander app.
The action 'ShortText Search' refers to a user searching for "Mexico" with text in the Wander app.
The .xlsx and .csv file are identical
Each file includes (from right to left):
The origional packet data,
each line of data organized from smallest to largest packet size in order to calculate the mean and standard deviation of each packet capture,
and the final Cumulative Distrubution Function (CDF) caluclation that generated the Figure 4 Graph.