About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Chicago population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Chicago across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Chicago was 2.66 million, a 0.31% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Chicago population was 2.67 million, a decline of 1.16% compared to a population of 2.7 million in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Chicago decreased by 231,271. In this period, the peak population was 2.9 million in the year 2000. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Chicago is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Chicago population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Chicago Population by Year. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the West Chicago population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of West Chicago across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of West Chicago was 25,116, a 0.31% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, West Chicago population was 25,193, a decline of 0.89% compared to a population of 25,418 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of West Chicago increased by 1,390. In this period, the peak population was 27,592 in the year 2013. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the West Chicago is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in West Chicago population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for West Chicago Population by Year. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the North Chicago population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of North Chicago across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of North Chicago was 30,416, a 0.33% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, North Chicago population was 30,517, a decline of 0.43% compared to a population of 30,649 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of North Chicago decreased by 5,648. In this period, the peak population was 36,434 in the year 2002. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the North Chicago is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in North Chicago population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for North Chicago Population by Year. You can refer the same here

This study explores the relationship between crime and neighborhood deterioration in eight neighborhoods in Chicago. The neighborhoods were selected on the basis of slowly or rapidly appreciating real estate values, stable or changing racial composition, and high or low crime rates. These data provide the results of a telephone survey administered to approximately 400 heads of households in each study neighborhood, a total of 3,310 completed interviews. The survey was designed to measure victimization experience, fear and perceptions of crime, protective measures taken, attitudes toward neighborhood quality and resources, attitudes toward the neighborhood as an investment, and density of community involvement. Each record includes appearance ratings for the block of the respondent's residence and aggregate figures on personal and property victimization for that city block. The aggregate appearance ratings were compiled from windshield surveys taken by trained personnel of the National Opinion Research Center. The criminal victimization figures came from Chicago City Police files.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Chicago metro area from 1950 to 2025.

In 2023, the population of the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin metropolitan area in the United States was about 9.26 million people. This was a slight decrease from the previous year, which was about 9.27 million.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Chicago population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Chicago across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2022, the population of Chicago was 2,665,039, a 1.22% decrease year-by-year from 2021. Previously, in 2021, Chicago population was 2,698,029, a decline of 1.53% compared to a population of 2,740,076 in 2020. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2022, population of Chicago decreased by 230,684. In this period, the peak population was 2,895,723 in the year 2000. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2022

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2022)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Chicago is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Chicago population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Chicago Population by Year. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Chicago Heights population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Chicago Heights across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Chicago Heights was 26,184, a 0.82% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Chicago Heights population was 26,401, a decline of 1.67% compared to a population of 26,850 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Chicago Heights decreased by 6,598. In this period, the peak population was 32,782 in the year 2000. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Chicago Heights is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Chicago Heights population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Chicago Heights Population by Year. You can refer the same here

Between April 2023 and April 2024, the National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise Chicago Bulls saw a decline in Facebook fans and X (formerly Twitter) followers, dropping to ***** million fans and **** million followers, respectively. This decline was nothing new for the team's Facebook page, which had seen a steady decline in fans since March 2017; however, the franchise's X page had experienced continuous growth since September 2012.

Context

Taxicabs in Chicago, Illinois, are operated by private companies and licensed by the city. There are about seven thousand licensed cabs operating within the city limits. Licenses are obtained through the purchase or lease of a taxi medallion which is then affixed to the top right hood of the car. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicabs_of_the_United_States#Chicago

Content

This dataset includes taxi trips from 2013 to the present, reported to the City of Chicago in its role as a regulatory agency. To protect privacy but allow for aggregate analyses, the Taxi ID is consistent for any given taxi medallion number but does not show the number, Census Tracts are suppressed in some cases, and times are rounded to the nearest 15 minutes. Due to the data reporting process, not all trips are reported but the City believes that most are. See http://digital.cityofchicago.org/index.php/chicago-taxi-data-released for more information about this dataset and how it was created.

Fork this kernel to get started.

Acknowledgements

https://bigquery.cloud.google.com/dataset/bigquery-public-data:chicago_taxi_trips

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/public-data/chicago-taxi

Dataset Source: City of Chicago

This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source —https://data.cityofchicago.org — and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Banner Photo by Ferdinand Stohr from Unplash.

Inspiration

What are the maximum, minimum and average fares for rides lasting 10 minutes or more? Which drop-off areas have the highest average tip? How does trip duration affect fare rates for trips lasting less than 90 minutes?

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/images/chicago-taxi-fares-by-duration.png" alt=""> https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/images/chicago-taxi-fares-by-duration.png

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the East Chicago population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of East Chicago across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2022, the population of East Chicago was 25,968, a 0.89% decrease year-by-year from 2021. Previously, in 2021, East Chicago population was 26,202, a decline of 0.52% compared to a population of 26,340 in 2020. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2022, population of East Chicago decreased by 6,369. In this period, the peak population was 32,337 in the year 2000. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2022

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2022)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the East Chicago is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in East Chicago population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for East Chicago Population by Year. You can refer the same here

To assist communities in identifying racially/ethnically-concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAPs), HUD has developed a census tract-based definition of R/ECAPs. The definition involves a racial/ethnic concentration threshold and a poverty test. The racial/ethnic concentration threshold is straightforward: R/ECAPs must have a non-white population of 50 percent or more. Regarding the poverty threshold, Wilson (1980) defines neighborhoods of extreme poverty as census tracts with 40 percent or more of individuals living at or below the poverty line. Because overall poverty levels are substantially lower in many parts of the country, HUD supplements this with an alternate criterion. Thus, a neighborhood can be a R/ECAP if it has a poverty rate that exceeds 40% or is three or more times the average tract poverty rate for the metropolitan/micropolitan area, whichever threshold is lower. Census tracts with this extreme poverty that satisfy the racial/ethnic concentration threshold are deemed R/ECAPs. This translates into the following equation: Where i represents census tracts, () is the metropolitan/micropolitan (CBSA) mean tract poverty rate, is the ith tract poverty rate, () is the non-Hispanic white population in tract i, and Pop is the population in tract i.While this definition of R/ECAP works well for tracts in CBSAs, place outside of these geographies are unlikely to have racial or ethnic concentrations as high as 50 percent. In these areas, the racial/ethnic concentration threshold is set at 20 percent.

Data Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2009-2013; Decennial Census (2010); Brown Longitudinal Tract Database (LTDB) based on decennial census data, 1990, 2000 & 2010.

Related AFFH-T Local Government, PHA Tables/Maps: Table 4, 7; Maps 1-17. Related AFFH-T State Tables/Maps: Table 4, 7; Maps 1-15, 18.

References:Wilson, William J. (1980). The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

To learn more about R/ECAPs visit:https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/affh ; https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/FHEO/documents/AFFH-T-Data-Documentation-AFFHT0006-July-2020.pdf, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Date of Coverage: 11/2017

In 2023, the GDP of the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin metropolitan area amounted to 725.75 billion chained 2017 U.S. dollars. The GDP of the United States since 1990 can be accessed here. Economic growth and unemployment in Chicago Economic growth in Chicago, measured by the growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), was significant in the years between 2001 and 2022. This growth occurred in a period of growth for cities nationally as seen by growth of other major American cities such as Los Angeles and San Francisco. In contrast to Chicago’s growth, San Francisco’s growth rate demonstrated the effect of a new and booming industry. The influence of technology and internet companies saw San Francisco grow nearly 68 percent in comparison to the 47 percent growth in GDP achieved by Chicago. As a result, Chicago-Naperville-Elgin ranked third in Gross Metropolitan Product of the United States, by metropolitan area in 2022. The drop in GDP output in 2020 can be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The City of Chicago has published trip-level data for every TNC trip since November 1, 2018. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the only one that includes trip fare variables. As we wrote this paper in Oct 2022, the dataset includes approximately 263 million trip records (rows) and 21 features (columns) for trips dated from November 1, 2018, through October 1, 2022. The features of this data include Trip ID, Trip Start Timestamp (rounded to the nearest 15 minutes), Trip End Timestamp (rounded to the nearest 15 minutes), Trip Seconds, Trip Miles, Pickup Census Tract, Dropoff Census Tract, Pickup Community Area, Drop Off Community Area, Trip Fare, Tip, Additional Charges, Total Trip Fare, Shared Trip Authorized, Trips Pooled, Pickup Centroid Latitude, Pickup Centroid Longitude, Pickup Centroid Location, Dropoff Centroid Latitude, Dropoff Centroid Longitude, Dropoff Centroid Location. As the dataset is too large to be processed without a supercomputer, we generated a random sample of 2 million trips from Nov 2018 to June 2022 with valid pickup and drop-down area information. To explore the data, we processed the features to extract date information from the timestamp. We created new variables, including each trip's average fare per mile (excluding tips and additional charges, mainly taxes). In dataset (1), the sampled TNC trips data was processed and summarized to include the average daily fare per mile (USD/mile), and exogenous variables that impact the price were added to the data including holidays (Christmas, thanksgiving, Independence Day, easter and new year) and other variables including gas prices, and climate (snow, precipitation, and average daily temperature). The City of Chicago also publishes taxi trips from 2013 to the present. To protect privacy but allow for aggregate analyses, the Taxi ID is consistent for any given taxi medallion number but does not show the number, and times are rounded to the nearest 15 minutes. Due to the data reporting process, not all but most trips are reported. Taxicabs in Chicago, Illinois, are operated by private companies and licensed by the city. About seven thousand licensed cabs are operating within the city limits. As the dataset is too large to be processed without a supercomputer, we generated a random sample of 2 million trips from Nov 2018 to June 2022 with valid pickup and drop-down area information. To explore the data, we processed the features to extract date information from the timestamp. We created new variables, including each trip's average fare per mile (excluding tips and additional charges, mainly taxes). In dataset (2), the taxi trips data was processed and summarized to include the average daily fare per mile (USD/mile), and exogenous variables that impact the price were added to the data including holidays (Christmas, thanksgiving, Independence Day, easter and new year) and other variables including gas prices, and climate (snow, precipitation, and average daily temperature).

United States Months of Supply: All Residential: Chicago, IL data was reported at 2.100 Month in Jul 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.900 Month for Jun 2020. United States Months of Supply: All Residential: Chicago, IL data is updated monthly, averaging 3.900 Month from Feb 2012 (Median) to Jul 2020, with 102 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.300 Month in Feb 2012 and a record low of 2.100 Month in Jul 2020. United States Months of Supply: All Residential: Chicago, IL data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Redfin. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EB029: Months of Supply: by Metropolitan Areas.

What is the Survey of Economic Conditions? Contacts located in the Seventh Federal Reserve District are asked to rate various aspects of economic conditions along a seven-point scale ranging from "large increase" to "large decrease." A series of diffusion indexes summarizing the distribution of responses is then calculated.

How are the indexes constructed? Respondents' answers on the seven-point scale are assigned a numeric value ranging from +3 to –3. Each diffusion index is calculated as the difference between the number of respondents with answers above their respective average responses and the number of respondents with answers below their respective average responses, divided by the total number of respondents. The index is then multiplied by 100 so that it ranges from +100 to −100 and will be +100 if every respondent provides an above-average answer and –100 if every respondent provides a below-average answer. Respondents with no prior history of responses are excluded from the calculation.

What do the numbers mean? Respondents' respective average answers to a question can be interpreted as representing their historical trends, or long-run averages. Thus, zero index values indicate, on balance, average growth (or a neutral outlook) for activity, hiring, capital spending, and cost pressures. Positive index values indicate above-average growth (or an optimistic outlook) on balance, and negative values indicate below-average growth (or a pessimistic outlook) on balance.

Beginning with the May 12, 2020 release, the CFSEC moved to a monthly release schedule. This release, with data for April 2020, now contains estimated monthly historical values for the CFSEC indexes, as will all future releases. For additional information on how the survey and indexes changed, see the CFSEC FAQs available here (https://www.chicagofed.org/research/data/cfsec/current-data).

Prior to April 2022, the Chicago Fed Survey of Economic Conditions was named the Chicago Fed Survey of Business Conditions (CFSBC). The name change was made to better represent the survey’s aim and base of respondents. The goal of the survey is to assess the state of the economy in the Seventh Federal Reserve District. Moreover, since the beginning of the survey, it was been filled out by both business and nonbusiness contacts.

United States Off Within 2 Weeks: All Residential: Chicago, IL data was reported at 55.037 % in Jul 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 57.634 % for Jun 2020. United States Off Within 2 Weeks: All Residential: Chicago, IL data is updated monthly, averaging 36.411 % from Feb 2012 (Median) to Jul 2020, with 102 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57.634 % in Jun 2020 and a record low of 23.844 % in Dec 2019. United States Off Within 2 Weeks: All Residential: Chicago, IL data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Redfin. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EB010: Off Market Within 2 Weeks: by Metropolitan Areas.

The annual number of passengers of the Chicago rapid transit system, also known as the "L", reported an overall decline between 2015 to 2019. In 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the ridership of the "L" plummeted 65.2 percent, compared with 2019 levels.

Chicago Fed National Activity Index in the United States increased to -0.28 points in May from -0.36 points in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Chicago Fed National Activity Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

To assist communities in identifying racially/ethnically-concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAPs), HUD has developed a census tract-based definition of R/ECAPs. The definition involves a racial/ethnic concentration threshold and a poverty test. The racial/ethnic concentration threshold is straightforward: R/ECAPs must have a non-white population of 50 percent or more. Regarding the poverty threshold, Wilson (1980) defines neighborhoods of extreme poverty as census tracts with 40 percent or more of individuals living at or below the poverty line. Because overall poverty levels are substantially lower in many parts of the country, HUD supplements this with an alternate criterion. Thus, a neighborhood can be a R/ECAP if it has a poverty rate that exceeds 40% or is three or more times the average tract poverty rate for the metropolitan/micropolitan area, whichever threshold is lower. Census tracts with this extreme poverty that satisfy the racial/ethnic concentration threshold are deemed R/ECAPs. This translates into the following equation: Where i represents census tracts, () is the metropolitan/micropolitan (CBSA) mean tract poverty rate, is the ith tract poverty rate, () is the non-Hispanic white population in tract i, and Pop is the population in tract i.While this definition of R/ECAP works well for tracts in CBSAs, place outside of these geographies are unlikely to have racial or ethnic concentrations as high as 50 percent. In these areas, the racial/ethnic concentration threshold is set at 20 percent. Data Source: Related AFFH-T Local Government, PHA Tables/Maps: Table 4, 7; Maps 1-17.Related AFFH-T State Tables/Maps: Table 4, 7; Maps 1-15, 18.References:Wilson, William J. (1980). The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.To learn more about R/ECAPs visit:https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/affh ; https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/FHEO/documents/AFFH-T-Data-Documentation-AFFHT0006-July-2020.pdf, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Date of Coverage: 2017 - 2021 ACSDate Updated: 10/2023