The pupil-to-teacher ratio across India in the fiscal year of 2024 was ** for the secondary level of school education. This means that there are ** students for every teacher. PTR refers to the average number of pupils per teacher in a given school year.

The research deals with the policy evaluation of one of the bigger projects undertaken by Prime Minister Modi in India called Beti Bachao Beti Padao (Save the Girl Child). I investigate using data for 5 years and across all the districts in India whether the policy has met its objectives or not. I use the Civil Registry data for the sex ratios for all districts, for GDP I use each state's economic surveys released each year. For Marriage rates I use the National Health and Family Surveys.

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India Preschool Market Size 2025-2029

The India preschool market size is forecast to increase by USD 45.1 million, at a CAGR of 9.3% between 2024 and 2029.

The Indian preschool market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing participation of women in the labor force and the adoption of online preschool services. The increasing participation of women in the labor force has led to an increase in demand for quality preschool education, as more parents seek reliable and affordable childcare solutions. Additionally, the adoption of technology in education has given rise to online preschool services, offering flexibility and convenience to busy parents. However, the market faces challenges, including the increased cost of raising children in India.
With inflation and rising living expenses, the financial burden on families can be substantial. To capitalize on opportunities and navigate challenges effectively, companies must focus on offering affordable, high-quality preschool solutions, both offline and online. By addressing the needs of working parents and providing cost-effective options, market players can differentiate themselves and thrive in this dynamic market.

What will be the size of the India Preschool Market during the forecast period?

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The Indian preschool market is witnessing significant activity and trends in various areas. Student outcomes are a top priority, leading to the adoption of innovative preschool curriculum trends. Assessment methods are evolving to ensure accurate evaluation of children's progress. Trauma-informed care is gaining importance in preschools to foster a safe and nurturing environment. Preschool quality indicators, such as brain development, inclusion programs, language immersion, and teacher professional development, are crucial factors influencing parental choices. Childcare affordability remains a challenge, prompting sustainability initiatives and entrepreneurship in the sector. Early childhood technology and preschool accreditation bodies are shaping the future of education.
Marketing strategies focus on parent involvement and accessibility, while safety standards and childcare ratios ensure a secure learning environment. Play-based learning activities and dual language preschools cater to diverse learning needs. Preschool entrepreneurship and technology integration are transforming the landscape, with accreditation bodies setting the bar high for quality.

How is this market segmented?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Area

  Urban
  Rural


Age Group

  Children aged 3-6 years
  Children aged below 3 years


Type

  Half day
  Full day care
  After school care


Location

  Standalone
  School Premises
  Office Premises


Ownership Type

  Private
  Public
  Franchise-based


Geography

  APAC

    India

By Area Insights

The urban segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The Indian preschool market experiences significant growth, particularly in urban areas due to increasing branded preschools and rising income levels. Awareness regarding early childhood education and the proliferation of dual-income households fuel demand in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities. International preschool brands are expanding their presence in the market, offering premium services to parents. Quality standards, technology integration, and curriculum development are key priorities, with a focus on pre-math and pre-reading skills, safety regulations, and teacher training. Outdoor play areas, sensory exploration, and creative expression are essential components of the preschool infrastructure. Online learning platforms, interactive whiteboards, and educational apps support interactive and immersive learning experiences.

The market also caters to children with special needs and promotes inclusive education and early intervention programs. Social-emotional learning, emotional regulation, and critical thinking are integral parts of the curriculum, fostering school readiness and kindergarten transition. The use of art supplies, language development materials, and multilingual education resources enhance the learning experience. Preschool franchises, daycare centers, and home-based preschools cater to diverse parent preferences, while classroom management and student performance assessment tools ensure effective learning environments. Curriculum innovation and cognitive stimulation are essential for child development, with a focus on gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and cognitive developme

This layer shows state-wise population under different age groups and Child Sex Ratio in 2001 and 2011 as per Economic Survey Report 2024-2025Source of data: https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/doc/stat/tab8.8.pdfThis web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

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Child Care Market Size 2025-2029

The child care market size is forecast to increase by USD 365.1 billion, at a CAGR of 17.7% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by increasing parental awareness towards the importance of early childhood education and care. This trend is further fueled by corporations providing child care services as employee benefits, recognizing the value of work-life balance and the positive impact on employee productivity. However, the market faces challenges as well. Health concerns for children in child care centers have become a major focus, with a growing emphasis on ensuring the highest standards of hygiene and safety to mitigate potential health risks.
Companies entering this market must navigate these challenges effectively, prioritizing the well-being of children while maintaining a strong business model. By addressing these trends and obstacles, market participants can capitalize on the growing demand for quality child care services and position themselves as leaders in the industry.

What will be the Size of the Child Care Market during the forecast period?

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The market continues to evolve, with dynamic market dynamics shaping the industry across various sectors. Curriculum development in early childhood education is a key focus, aligning with evolving early learning standards. Childcare facilities ensure legal compliance and provide staff training to meet these requirements. Waldorf and Montessori schools offer unique approaches to education, while retention strategies are essential for maintaining a stable workforce. Affordable childcare and financial aid are critical for families, with financial assistance programs and subsidies playing a crucial role. Educational toys and continuing education for staff enhance the learning experience. Parent involvement and communication are also vital, with assessment tools and childcare software facilitating effective engagement.

Childcare marketing and technology integration help attract and retain families, with learning materials and academic enrichment programs ensuring a well-rounded educational experience. Childcare facilities prioritize safety and emergency preparedness, offering indoor and outdoor play areas, in-home care, and transportation services. Behavioral intervention and teacher-student ratio are essential for effective classroom management, with liability insurance and emergency preparedness plans ensuring peace of mind for families. Nutrition programs and special needs care cater to diverse needs, while summer camps and learning centers provide opportunities for seasonal enrichment. Inclusion programs and daycare centers prioritize accessibility and equity, with licensing and regulations ensuring the highest standards.The ongoing unfolding of market activities and evolving patterns in the child care industry reflect the continuous commitment to providing quality care and education for young children.

How is this Child Care Industry segmented?

The child care industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Delivery

  Organized care facilities
  Home-based settings


Type

  Early education and daycare
  Early care
  Backup care


Provider Type

  Corporate
  Non-Profit
  Private


Age Group

  Infants
  Toddlers
  Preschoolers


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Delivery Insights

The organized care facilities segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is characterized by the dominance of organized child care facilities, driven by the increasing number of working parents and the resulting demand for quality early childhood education. In these facilities, a strong emphasis is placed on adhering to early learning standards and delivering curriculum development that fosters literacy, language, and overall personality development. Parent communication and assessment tools are essential for maintaining transparency and ensuring effective education. Childcare insurance, staff recruitment, and retention strategies are crucial for maintaining a well-trained and dedicated workforce. Legal compliance, staff training, and safety standards are top priorities to ensure a nurturing and secure environment.

Waldorf and Montessori schools offer alternative approaches to early education, emphasizing play-based learn

This statistic displays the population of children and young adults across India in 2016, broken down by gender and age groups. The population for 11-13 year old males amounted to more than ** million, while their female counterparts were almost **** million. Female numbers were consistently lower than males during the measured time period.

The gender ratio in India as of 2011, by state and union territory can be found here.

The second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), conducted in 1998-99, provides information on fertility, mortality, family planning, and important aspects of nutrition, health, and health care. The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) coordinated the survey, which collected information from a nationally representative sample of more than 90,000 ever-married women age 15-49. The NFHS-2 sample covers 99 percent of India's population living in all 26 states. This report is based on the survey data for 25 of the 26 states, however, since data collection in Tripura was delayed due to local problems in the state. IIPS also coordinated the first National Family Health Survey (NFHS-1) in 1992-93. Most of the types of information collected in NFHS-2 were also collected in the earlier survey, making it possible to identify trends over the intervening period of six and one-half years. In addition, the NFHS-2 questionnaire covered a number of new or expanded topics with important policy implications, such as reproductive health, women's autonomy, domestic violence, women's nutrition, anaemia, and salt iodization. The NFHS-2 survey was carried out in two phases. Ten states were surveyed in the first phase which began in November 1998 and the remaining states (except Tripura) were surveyed in the second phase which began in March 1999. The field staff collected information from 91,196 households in these 25 states and interviewed 89,199 eligible women in these households. In addition, the survey collected information on 32,393 children born in the three years preceding the survey. One health investigator on each survey team measured the height and weight of eligible women and children and took blood samples to assess the prevalence of anaemia. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS Three-quarters (73 percent) of the population lives in rural areas. The age distribution is typical of populations that have recently experienced a fertility decline, with relatively low proportions in the younger and older age groups. Thirty-six percent of the population is below age 15, and 5 percent is age 65 and above. The sex ratio is 957 females for every 1,000 males in rural areas but only 928 females for every 1,000 males in urban areas, suggesting that more men than women have migrated to urban areas. The survey provides a variety of demographic and socioeconomic background information. In the country as a whole, 82 percent of household heads are Hindu, 12 percent are Muslim, 3 percent are Christian, and 2 percent are Sikh. Muslims live disproportionately in urban areas, where they comprise 15 percent of household heads. Nineteen percent of household heads belong to scheduled castes, 9 percent belong to scheduled tribes, and 32 percent belong to other backward classes (OBCs). Two-fifths of household heads do not belong to any of these groups. Questions about housing conditions and the standard of living of households indicate some improvements since the time of NFHS-1. Sixty percent of households in India now have electricity and 39 percent have piped drinking water compared with 51 percent and 33 percent, respectively, at the time of NFHS-1. Sixty-four percent of households have no toilet facility compared with 70 percent at the time of NFHS-1. About three-fourths (75 percent) of males and half (51 percent) of females age six and above are literate, an increase of 6-8 percentage points from literacy rates at the time of NFHS-1. The percentage of illiterate males varies from 6-7 percent in Mizoram and Kerala to 37 percent in Bihar and the percentage of illiterate females varies from 11 percent in Mizoram and 15 percent in Kerala to 65 percent in Bihar. Seventy-nine percent of children age 6-14 are attending school, up from 68 percent in NFHS-1. The proportion of children attending school has increased for all ages, particularly for girls, but girls continue to lag behind boys in school attendance. Moreover, the disparity in school attendance by sex grows with increasing age of children. At age 6-10, 85 percent of boys attend school compared with 78 percent of girls. By age 15-17, 58 percent of boys attend school compared with 40 percent of girls. The percentage of girls 6-17 attending school varies from 51 percent in Bihar and 56 percent in Rajasthan to over 90 percent in Himachal Pradesh and Kerala. Women in India tend to marry at an early age. Thirty-four percent of women age 15-19 are already married including 4 percent who are married but gauna has yet to be performed. These proportions are even higher in the rural areas. Older women are more likely than younger women to have married at an early age: 39 percent of women currently age 45-49 married before age 15 compared with 14 percent of women currently age 15-19. Although this indicates that the proportion of women who marry young is declining rapidly, half the women even in the age group 20-24 have married before reaching the legal minimum age of 18 years. On average, women are five years younger than the men they marry. The median age at marriage varies from about 15 years in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh to 23 years in Goa. As part of an increasing emphasis on gender issues, NFHS-2 asked women about their participation in household decisionmaking. In India, 91 percent of women are involved in decision-making on at least one of four selected topics. A much lower proportion (52 percent), however, are involved in making decisions about their own health care. There are large variations among states in India with regard to women's involvement in household decisionmaking. More than three out of four women are involved in decisions about their own health care in Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Punjab compared with about two out of five or less in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Rajasthan. Thirty-nine percent of women do work other than housework, and more than two-thirds of these women work for cash. Only 41 percent of women who earn cash can decide independently how to spend the money that they earn. Forty-three percent of working women report that their earnings constitute at least half of total family earnings, including 18 percent who report that the family is entirely dependent on their earnings. Women's work-participation rates vary from 9 percent in Punjab and 13 percent in Haryana to 60-70 percent in Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh. FERTILITY AND FAMILY PLANNING Fertility continues to decline in India. At current fertility levels, women will have an average of 2.9 children each throughout their childbearing years. The total fertility rate (TFR) is down from 3.4 children per woman at the time of NFHS-1, but is still well above the replacement level of just over two children per woman. There are large variations in fertility among the states in India. Goa and Kerala have attained below replacement level fertility and Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab are at or close to replacement level fertility. By contrast, fertility is 3.3 or more children per woman in Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Nagaland, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh. More than one-third to less than half of all births in these latter states are fourth or higher-order births compared with 7-9 percent of births in Kerala, Goa, and Tamil Nadu. Efforts to encourage the trend towards lower fertility might usefully focus on groups within the population that have higher fertility than average. In India, rural women and women from scheduled tribes and scheduled castes have somewhat higher fertility than other women, but fertility is particularly high for illiterate women, poor women, and Muslim women. Another striking feature is the high level of childbearing among young women. More than half of women age 20-49 had their first birth before reaching age 20, and women age 15-19 account for almost one-fifth of total fertility. Studies in India and elsewhere have shown that health and mortality risks increase when women give birth at such young ages?both for the women themselves and for their children. Family planning programmes focusing on women in this age group could make a significant impact on maternal and child health and help to reduce fertility. INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY NFHS-2 provides estimates of infant and child mortality and examines factors associated with the survival of young children. During the five years preceding the survey, the infant mortality rate was 68 deaths at age 0-11 months per 1,000 live births, substantially lower than 79 per 1,000 in the five years preceding the NFHS-1 survey. The child mortality rate, 29 deaths at age 1-4 years per 1,000 children reaching age one, also declined from the corresponding rate of 33 per 1,000 in NFHS-1. Ninety-five children out of 1,000 born do not live to age five years. Expressed differently, 1 in 15 children die in the first year of life, and 1 in 11 die before reaching age five. Child-survival programmes might usefully focus on specific groups of children with particularly high infant and child mortality rates, such as children who live in rural areas, children whose mothers are illiterate, children belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes, and children from poor households. Infant mortality rates are more than two and one-half times as high for women who did not receive any of the recommended types of maternity related medical care than for mothers who did receive all recommended types of care. HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, AND NUTRITION Promotion of maternal and child health has been one of the most important components of the Family Welfare Programme of the Government of India. One goal is for each pregnant woman to receive at least three antenatal check-ups plus two tetanus toxoid injections and a full course of iron and folic acid supplementation. In India, mothers of 65 percent of the children born in the three years preceding NFHS-2 received at least one antenatal

Inde: Student teacher ratio, primary school: Pour cet indicateur, UNESCO fournit des données pour la Inde de 1971 à 2017. La valeur moyenne pour Inde pendant cette période était de 38.64 students per teacher avec un minimum de 31.29 students per teacher en 2014 et un maximum de 42.9 students per teacher en 1979.

The dataset contains state-wise National Family Health Survey (NFHS) compiled data on various family planning, childbirth, population, medical, health and other parameters which provide statistical indicators data on family profile and health status in India. There are 100+ indicators covered in the survey which broadly fall in the following categories: Health and Wellness, Maternal and Child Health, Family Planning and Reproductive Health, Disease Screening and Prevention, Social and Economic Factors, General Healthcare and Treatment

The different types of health data contained in the dataset include Anaemia among women and children, blood sugar levels and hypertension among men and women, tobacco and alcohol consumption among adults, delivery care and child feeding practices of women, quality of family planning services, screening of cancer among women, marriage and family, maternity care, nutritional status of women, child vaccinations and vitamin A supplementation, treatment of childhood diseases, etc.

Within these categories of health data, the dataset contains indicators data such as births attended by skilled health care professionals and caesarean section, number of children with under and heavy weight, stunted growth, their different vaccations status, male and female sterilization, consumption of iron folic acid among mothers, mother who had antenatal, postnatal, neonatal services, women who are obese and at the risk of weight to hip ratio, educational status among women and children, sanitation, birth and sex ratio, etc.

All of the data is compiled from the NFHS 4th and 5th survey reports. The The NFHS is a collaborative project of the International Institute for Population Sciences(IIPS), aimed at providing health data to strengthen India's health policies and programmes.

There are 100+ indicators covered in the survey which broadly fall in the following categories: Health and Wellness, Maternal and Child Health, Family Planning and Reproductive Health, Disease Screening and Prevention, Social and Economic Factors, General Healthcare and Treatment

This dataset tracks annual student-teacher ratio from 2009 to 2023 for India Hook Elementary School vs. South Carolina and York 03 School District

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Children Day Care Services Market Size 2025-2029

The children day care services market size is forecast to increase by USD 182.5 billion, at a CAGR of 9.2% between 2024 and 2029. The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key drivers. The increasing number of single-parent households is a primary factor fueling market expansion.

Major Market Trends & Insights

APAC dominated the market and accounted for a 40% share in 2023. The market is expected to grow significantly in Europe region as well over the forecast period. Based on the Type, the center-based segment led the market and was valued at USD 202.00 billion of the global revenue in 2023. Based on the End-user, the toddler and infant segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023.

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 329.50 Billion Future Opportunities: USD 182.5 Billion CAGR (2024-2029): 9.2% APAC: Largest market in 2023

The market continues to evolve, adapting to the changing needs of families and the latest research in child development. Program administration is a critical component, with play-based learning increasingly prioritized during the various child development stages. Behavior management strategies are employed to ensure a positive learning environment, while the enrollment process is streamlined through digital platforms and childcare licensing regulations. Teacher-child ratios are closely monitored to optimize learning experiences, with assessment tools used to track progress and identify areas for improvement. Tuition fees vary widely, with some programs offering financial assistance and subsidies. Health screenings and safety protocols are non-negotiable, with security systems and daily activity schedules ensuring a secure and engaging environment.

What will be the Size of the Children Day Care Services Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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Special needs inclusion is a growing trend, with accommodations made through curriculum development and childcare accreditation. Family engagement is encouraged through parent communication strategies and childcare software, while staff scheduling software and training programs ensure a well-prepared workforce. Developmental milestones are closely monitored, with record keeping systems and emergency preparedness plans in place to address any potential issues. For instance, a leading day care provider implemented a new digital platform to streamline the enrollment process, resulting in a 30% increase in new enrollments within the first year. Industry growth is expected to reach 5% annually, driven by the increasing recognition of the importance of early childhood education. The home-based segment is the second largest segment of the type and was valued at USD 105.20 billion in 2023.

This demographic shift has led to a higher demand for day care services as more parents require affordable and reliable child care solutions. Another trend shaping the market is the rising preference for high-value services. Parents are increasingly seeking day care services that offer additional amenities, such as educational programs and nutritious meals, to provide their children with a well-rounded development experience. However, the market also faces notable challenges. The increased cost of raising children is a significant obstacle for many families, making affordable day care services a priority.

Additionally, regulatory compliance and staffing issues can pose challenges for day care providers, requiring them to invest in training and adherence to stringent regulations to ensure the safety and well-being of children in their care. To capitalize on market opportunities and navigate challenges effectively, companies must focus on offering high-value services at affordable prices while maintaining regulatory compliance and addressing staffing concerns. By addressing these challenges and leveraging the growing demand for day care services, market participants can position themselves for long-term success.

How is this Children Day Care Services Industry segmented?

The children day care services industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

Center-based Home-based Corporate Daycare

End-user

Toddler and infant Preschool children Older children

Service Type

Full-Day Care Part-Time Care After-School Programs Educational Programs

Geography

North America

US Canada

Europe

France Germany Italy UK

Middle East and Africa

Egypt KSA Oman UAE

APAC

China India Japan

South America

Argentina Brazil

Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The c

This dataset contains the share of engineering institutions that that qualify the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) prescribed Faculty-Student Ratio of 20. It means one faculty for every twenty students.

In 2023, the infant mortality rate in India was at about 24.5 deaths per 1,000 live births, a significant decrease from previous years. Infant mortality as an indicatorThe infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births. This rate is an important key indicator for a country’s health and standard of living; a low infant mortality rate indicates a high standard of healthcare. Causes of infant mortality include premature birth, sepsis or meningitis, sudden infant death syndrome, and pneumonia. Globally, the infant mortality rate has shrunk from 63 infant deaths per 1,000 live births to 27 since 1990 and is forecast to drop to 8 infant deaths per 1,000 live births by the year 2100. India’s rural problemWith 32 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, India is neither among the countries with the highest nor among those with the lowest infant mortality rate. Its decrease indicates an increase in medical care and hygiene, as well as a decrease in female infanticide. Increasing life expectancy at birth is another indicator that shows that the living conditions of the Indian population are improving. Still, India’s inhabitants predominantly live in rural areas, where standards of living as well as access to medical care and hygiene are traditionally lower and more complicated than in cities. Public health programs are thus put in place by the government to ensure further improvement.

In 2023, the total fertility rate in children per woman in India was 1.98. Between 1960 and 2023, the figure dropped by 3.94, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

As per 2011 census, there were around *********** child workers in the age group of 5-14 years in India. Out of that, a majority of children belonged in the 10-14 year age group. Around *** percent of this category were male child workers and *** percent were female child workers.

Gender disparity ratios in full and no immunization among children aged 12–23 months across the selected characteristics in India, 1992–2006.

India IN: Probability of Dying at Age 15-19 Years: per 1000 data was reported at 4.000 Ratio in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.100 Ratio for 2018. India IN: Probability of Dying at Age 15-19 Years: per 1000 data is updated yearly, averaging 7.800 Ratio from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2019, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.500 Ratio in 1990 and a record low of 4.000 Ratio in 2019. India IN: Probability of Dying at Age 15-19 Years: per 1000 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Probability of dying between age 15-19 years of age expressed per 1,000 adolescents age 15, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.; ; Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted average; Aggregate data for LIC, UMC, LMC, HIC are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.

Maternal factors associated with low birth weight of children in India, NFHS-4.

In financial year 2022, of every 100 children within the age for primary education in India, **** were enrolled in school. For upper primary school level, this ratio was lower. The net enrollment ratio shows the extent of participation of children for a given age group at any educational level.

This statistic depicts the age distribution of India from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, about 25.06 percent of the Indian population fell into the 0-14 year category, 68.02 percent into the 15-64 age group and 6.92 percent were over 65 years of age. Age distribution in India India is one of the largest countries in the world and its population is constantly increasing. India’s society is categorized into a hierarchically organized caste system, encompassing certain rights and values for each caste. Indians are born into a caste, and those belonging to a lower echelon often face discrimination and hardship. The median age (which means that one half of the population is younger and the other one is older) of India’s population has been increasing constantly after a slump in the 1970s, and is expected to increase further over the next few years. However, in international comparison, it is fairly low; in other countries the average inhabitant is about 20 years older. But India seems to be on the rise, not only is it a member of the BRIC states – an association of emerging economies, the other members being Brazil, Russia and China –, life expectancy of Indians has also increased significantly over the past decade, which is an indicator of access to better health care and nutrition. Gender equality is still non-existant in India, even though most Indians believe that the quality of life is about equal for men and women in their country. India is patriarchal and women still often face forced marriages, domestic violence, dowry killings or rape. As of late, India has come to be considered one of the least safe places for women worldwide. Additionally, infanticide and selective abortion of female fetuses attribute to the inequality of women in India. It is believed that this has led to the fact that the vast majority of Indian children aged 0 to 6 years are male.