In 2023, around 24.9 percent of the population of Indonesia were children. This equates to around 70 million children. While many Indonesian children do attend elementary school, a large percentage of these children still do not go on to secondary education.

In 2023, the number of child workers in Indonesia amounted to around 1.01 million people. This indicated a decrease of approximately 40 thousand people compared to 2021. Child labor in Indonesia is still an ongoing issue due to poverty and a lack of access to education in some parts of the country. The pandemic notably affected the problem, as the number of child workers increased in 2020. Although the numbers have decreased since then, they remain higher than the pre-pandemic level. The challenges of child labor in Indonesia The persisting issue of child labor in Indonesia stems from different factors such as economics, social norms, and education. Poverty acts as a crucial driving factor in the case of child labor practices. Many children are pushed to stop attending school and get to work to help the family’s income, as over nine percent of the Indonesian population still lives below the poverty line. The islands in the eastern part of the archipelago, such as Maluku and Papua, had the highest poverty rates of over 20 percent in 2022. It was also found that Papua had the highest share of students who had to attend school and work simultaneously. Moreover, in certain areas of the archipelago, cultural beliefs are linked to entering the labor force at an early age, with some believing this to help shape children to have better life opportunities in the future. The lack of awareness about the effects of child labor and some companies not complying with the laws against child labor further exacerbate the issue. Child labor in the Indonesian agricultural sector Child labor in Indonesia is more prevalent in rural areas. As of 2022, there has been an increase in the child labor rate in Indonesia’s rural areas in the agricultural sector, which most commonly offers informal employment with minimal employment protections. Child workers in this sector face higher risks of being exposed to harmful chemicals used in pesticides and fertilizers, causing raised concerns about their safety. Despite the efforts to overcome this issue, such as child protection laws, government allocations for infrastructure, and government allocations for education to improve living conditions and educational access, the need for strategic initiatives to combat child labor in Indonesia remains.

Indonesia: Population ages 0-14, percent of total: The latest value from 2023 is 24.93 percent, a decline from 25.27 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 26.10 percent, based on data from 196 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 1960 to 2023 is 34.67 percent. The minimum value, 24.93 percent, was reached in 2023 while the maximum of 42.63 percent was recorded in 1970.

Children out of school (% of primary school age) in Indonesia was reported at 0.71028 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Indonesia - Children out of school (% of primary school age) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Children out of school, primary, male in Indonesia was reported at 482011 in 2018, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Indonesia - Children out of school, primary, male - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on April of 2025.

Indonesia: Deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births: The latest value from 2022 is 21 deaths per 1000 births, a decline from 22 deaths per 1000 births in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 25 deaths per 1000 births, based on data from 187 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 1960 to 2022 is 95 deaths per 1000 births. The minimum value, 21 deaths per 1000 births, was reached in 2022 while the maximum of 229 deaths per 1000 births was recorded in 1965.

Children out of school, primary, female in Indonesia was reported at 1146950 in 2018, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Indonesia - Children out of school, primary, female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Children (0-14) living with HIV in Indonesia was reported at 18000 Persons in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Indonesia - Children (0-14) living with HIV - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on April of 2025.

In 1895, the child mortality rate in the region of present-day Indonesia was 444 deaths per thousand live births, meaning that almost 45 percent of all births in Indonesia in that year would not survive past their fifth birthday. This figure would fall gradually until the 1930s, as public works projects by the Dutch would see standards of living begin to rise in the country, however the Japanese invasion of Indonesia in 1942 saw child mortality increase by 15 deaths per thousand in the early 1940s. Following the end of the Second World War, child mortality would begin to sharply decline, as mass immunization and vaccination, combined with several decades of economic growth, would result in the suppression or eradication of many childhood illnesses and raise standards of living throughout the country. Child mortality would fall both through the remainder of the 20th century and into the 21st century as well. As a result, it is estimated that approximately 97.5 percent of all children born in the past five years will make it to the age of five.

Abstract

The data of the End Decade Statistical Report was obtained from various sources, namely national-surveys sources (such as Susenas, SKRT and MICS), sub-national-scale surveys and available reporting systems at the ministries. The following are brief descriptions of the methodology for each data source used in the report:

Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 1995 and 2000

MICS is a rapid survey method developed by UNICEF in cooperation with other international organizations. In Indonesia, MICS was first conducted in 1995 under the name of Mother and Child Health Survey (SKIA); it aimed at providing some of the data, which was unavailable to meet the requirements of the mid-decade report (Mid-decade Goals/MDG). MICS 2000 was conducted under the name of Mother and Child Education and Health Survey (SPKIA). It aimed at providing new data/indicators, since data was unavailable from existing sources. Both the 1995 SKIA and 2000 SPKIA were conducted by BPSStatistics Indonesia, in cooperation with UNICEF and the Ministry of Health. The sample size of the 1995 SKIA was approximately 18,000 households. The sample aimed to produce national-level estimates which are disaggregated between urban and rural areas, and the provinciallevel estimates for seven provinces where UNICEF – GOI cooperation is implemented.

Geographic coverage

The sample aimed to produce national-level estimates which are disaggregated between urban and rural areas.

Analysis unit

Households, Women, Children.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample size of the 1995 SKIA was approximately 18,000 households. The sample aimed to produce national-level estimates which are disaggregated between urban and rural areas, and the provinciallevel estimates for seven provinces where UNICEF – GOI cooperation is implemented. The sample size of the 2000 SPKIA was 10,000 households, and the results were only representative at the national level. Results were disaggregated for urban and rural areas. The sample selection of the 1995 SKIA and the 2000 SPKIA differentiated between urban and rural areas. The sample selection was identical to the sampling design applied in the 1996 Susenas (for the 1995 SKIA) and the 2000 Susenas (for the 2000 SPKIA), using a threestage sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaire includes sections: orphan status, birth registration, child health, malaria, education, HIV/AIDS, pregnancy information.

UNICEF's country profile for Indonesia, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

This dataset provides information on 15,109 in Indonesia as of May, 2025. It includes details such as email addresses (where publicly available), phone numbers (where publicly available), and geocoded addresses. Explore market trends, identify potential business partners, and gain valuable insights into the industry. Download a complimentary sample of 10 records to see what's included.

This dataset provides information on 45 in Bali, Indonesia as of May, 2025. It includes details such as email addresses (where publicly available), phone numbers (where publicly available), and geocoded addresses. Explore market trends, identify potential business partners, and gain valuable insights into the industry. Download a complimentary sample of 10 records to see what's included.

Immunization, HepB3 (% of one-year-old children) in Indonesia was reported at 83 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Indonesia - Immunization, HepB3 (% of one-year-old children) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on May of 2025.

This dataset provides information on 41 in South Sumatra, Indonesia as of May, 2025. It includes details such as email addresses (where publicly available), phone numbers (where publicly available), and geocoded addresses. Explore market trends, identify potential business partners, and gain valuable insights into the industry. Download a complimentary sample of 10 records to see what's included.

This dataset provides information on 13 in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia as of May, 2025. It includes details such as email addresses (where publicly available), phone numbers (where publicly available), and geocoded addresses. Explore market trends, identify potential business partners, and gain valuable insights into the industry. Download a complimentary sample of 10 records to see what's included.

Indonesia ID: Prevalence of Overweight: Weight for Height: % of Children Under 5, Modeled Estimate data was reported at 2.600 % in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.300 % for 2023. Indonesia ID: Prevalence of Overweight: Weight for Height: % of Children Under 5, Modeled Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.200 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2024, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.500 % in 2014 and a record low of 2.600 % in 2024. Indonesia ID: Prevalence of Overweight: Weight for Height: % of Children Under 5, Modeled Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Prevalence of overweight children is the percentage of children under age 5 whose weight for height is more than two standard deviations above the median for the international reference population of the corresponding age as established by the WHO's 2006 Child Growth Standards.;UNICEF, WHO, World Bank: Joint child Malnutrition Estimates (JME).;Weighted average;Once considered only a high-income economy problem, overweight children have become a growing concern in developing countries. Research shows an association between childhood obesity and a high prevalence of diabetes, respiratory disease, high blood pressure, and psychosocial and orthopedic disorders (de Onis and Blössner 2003). Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of obesity, premature death, and disability in adulthood. In addition to increased future risks, obese children experience breathing difficulties and increased risk of fractures, hypertension, early markers of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and psychological effects. Children in low- and middle-income countries are more vulnerable to inadequate nutrition before birth and in infancy and early childhood. Many of these children are exposed to high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt, calorie-dense, micronutrient-poor foods, which tend be lower in cost than more nutritious foods. These dietary patterns, in conjunction with low levels of physical activity, result in sharp increases in childhood obesity, while under-nutrition continues. Estimates are modeled estimates produced by the JME. Primary data sources of the anthropometric measurements are national surveys. These surveys are administered sporadically, resulting in sparse data for many countries. Furthermore, the trend of the indicators over time is usually not a straight line and varies by country. Tracking the current level and progress of indicators helps determine if countries are on track to meet certain thresholds, such as those indicated in the SDGs. Thus the JME developed statistical models and produced the modeled estimates.

This dataset provides information on 45 in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia as of May, 2025. It includes details such as email addresses (where publicly available), phone numbers (where publicly available), and geocoded addresses. Explore market trends, identify potential business partners, and gain valuable insights into the industry. Download a complimentary sample of 10 records to see what's included.

Indonesia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Clothing: For Children data was reported at 124.430 2012=100 in Jul 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 124.210 2012=100 for Jun 2019. Indonesia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Clothing: For Children data is updated monthly, averaging 113.545 2012=100 from Dec 2013 (Median) to Jul 2019, with 68 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 124.430 2012=100 in Jul 2019 and a record low of 103.490 2012=100 in Dec 2013. Indonesia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Clothing: For Children data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.IA002: Consumer Price Index.

Abstract

The Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys program, which is designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health. The 2002-2003 IDHS follows a sequence of several previous surveys: the 1987 National Indonesia Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (NICPS), the 1991 IDHS, the 1994 IDHS, and the 1997 IDHS. The 2002-2003 IDHS is expanded from the 1997 IDHS by including a collection of information on the participation of currently married men and their wives and children in the health care.

The main objective of the 2002-2003 IDHS is to provide policymakers and program managers in population and health with detailed information on population, family planning, and health. In particular, the 2002-2003 IDHS collected information on the female respondents’ socioeconomic background, fertility levels, marriage and sexual activity, fertility preferences, knowledge and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, childhood and adult mortality including maternal mortality, maternal and child health, and awareness and behavior regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections in Indonesia.

The 2002-2003 IDHS was specifically designed to meet the following objectives: - Provide data concerning fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, maternal mortality, and awareness of AIDS/STIs to program managers, policymakers, and researchers to help them evaluate and improve existing programs - Measure trends in fertility and contraceptive prevalence rates, analyze factors that affect such changes, such as marital status and patterns, residence, education, breastfeeding habits, and knowledge, use, and availability of contraception - Evaluate achievement of goals previously set by the national health programs, with special focus on maternal and child health - Assess men’s participation and utilization of health services, as well as of their families - Assist in creating an international database that allows cross-country comparisons that can be used by the program managers, policymakers, and researchers in the area of family planning, fertility, and health in general.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-54

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Administratively, Indonesia is divided into 30 provinces. Each province is subdivided into districts (regency in areas mostly rural and municipality in urban areas). Districts are subdivided into subdistricts and each subdistrict is divided into villages. The entire village is classified as urban or rural.

The primary objective of the 2002-2003 IDHS is to provide estimates with acceptable precision for the following domains: · Indonesia as a whole; · Each of 26 provinces covered in the survey. The four provinces excluded due to political instability are Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Maluku, North Maluku and Papua. These provinces cover 4 percent of the total population. · Urban and rural areas of Indonesia; · Each of the five districts in Central Java and the five districts in East Java covered in the Safe Motherhood Project (SMP), to provide information for the monitoring and evaluation of the project. These districts are: - in Central Java: Cilacap, Rembang, Jepara, Pemalang, and Brebes. - in East Java: Trenggalek, Jombang, Ngawi, Sampang and Pamekasan.

The census blocks (CBs) are the primary sampling unit for the 2002-2003 IDHS. CBs were formed during the preparation of the 2000 Population Census. Each CB includes approximately 80 households. In the master sample frame, the CBs are grouped by province, by regency/municipality within a province, and by subdistricts within a regency/municipality. In rural areas, the CBs in each district are listed by their geographical location. In urban areas, the CBs are distinguished by the urban classification (large, medium and small cities) in each subdistrict.

Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

The 2002-2003 IDHS used three questionnaires: the Household Questionnaire, the Women’s Questionnaire for ever-married women 15-49 years old, and the Men’s Questionnaire for currently married men 15-54 years old. The Household Questionnaire and the Women’s Questionnaire were based on the DHS Model “A” Questionnaire, which is designed for use in countries with high contraceptive prevalence. In consultation with the NFPCB and MOH, BPS modified these questionnaires to reflect relevant issues in family planning and health in Indonesia. Inputs were also solicited from potential data users to optimize the IDHS in meeting the country’s needs for population and health data. The questionnaires were translated from English into the national language, Bahasa Indonesia.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors in the selected households. Basic information collected for each person listed includes the following: age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. In addition, the Household Questionnaire also identifies unmarried women and men age 15-24 who are eligible for the individual interview in the Indonesia Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey (IYARHS). Information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, construction materials used for the floor and outer walls of the house, and ownership of various durable goods were also recorded in the Household Questionnaire. These items reflect the household’s socioeconomic status.

The Women’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all ever-married women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following topics: • Background characteristics, such as age, marital status, education, and media exposure • Knowledge and use of family planning methods • Fertility preferences • Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care • Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices • Vaccinations and childhood illnesses • Marriage and sexual activity • Woman’s work and husband’s background characteristics • Childhood mortality • Awareness and behavior regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) • Sibling mortality, including maternal mortality.

The Men’s Questionnaire was administered to all currently married men age 15-54 in every third household in the IDHS sample. The Men’s Questionnaire collected much of the same information included in the Women’s Questionnaire, but was shorter because it did not contain questions on reproductive history, maternal and child health, nutrition, and maternal mortality. Instead, men were asked about their knowledge and participation in the health-seeking practices for their children.

Cleaning operations

All completed questionnaires for IDHS, accompanied by their control forms, were returned to the BPS central office in Jakarta for data processing. This process consisted of office editing, coding of open-ended questions, data entry, verification, and editing computer-identified errors. A team of about 40 data entry clerks, data editors, and two data entry supervisors processed the data. Data entry and editing started on November 4, 2002 using a computer package program called CSPro, which was specifically designed to process DHS-type survey data. To prepare the data entry programs, two BPS staff spent three weeks in ORC Macro offices in Calverton, Maryland in April 2002.

Response rate

A total of 34,738 households were selected for the survey, of which 33,419 were found. Of the encountered households, 33,088 (99 percent) were successfully interviewed. In these households, 29,996 ever-married women 15-49 were identified, and complete interviews were obtained from 29,483 of them (98 percent). From the households selected for interviews with men, 8,740 currently married men 15-54 were identified, and complete interviews were obtained from 8,310 men, or 95 percent of all eligible men. The generally high response rates for both household and individual interviews (for eligible women and men) were due mainly to the strict enforcement of the rule to revisit the originally selected household if no one was at home initially. No substitution for the originally selected households was allowed. Interviewers were instructed to make at least three visits in an effort to contact the household, eligible women, and eligible men.

Note: See summarized response rates by place of residence in Table 1.2 of the survey report.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors, and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2002-2003 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents