China recorded a capital and financial account deficit of 1656 USD Hundred Million in the first quarter of 2025. This dataset provides - China Capital Flows - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

According to preliminary data, the value of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) from China amounted to approximately ***** billion U.S. dollars in 2024. That year, Chinese outward FDI flows ranked ***** in the world, while global FDI outflows increased by **** percent. Development of Chinese FDI flows The decline in FDI outflows since 2016 was mainly the result of stricter regulation measures taken by the Chinese government to control capital flows. Growing security concerns in foreign countries also had a dampening effect on FDI flows from China. These developments had a large influence on the investments of Chinese state-owned enterprises, which dropped to only about ten percent of the total Chinese FDI inflows for the United States and European Union, down from much higher levels in the past. Despite the decline in FDI flows, the capital stock of Chinese FDI abroad grew decisively in recent years and reached around *** trillion U.S. dollars in 2024. Regional and sectoral distribution of FDI from China Major recipients of Chinese FDI are Hong Kong, British Virgin Islands, and Cayman Islands. Hong Kong absorbs by far the largest amount of FDI from China and plays a special role given its combined status as international financial hub and Chinese special administrative area, distributing most of China's invested capital to regions all over the world. A sectoral breakdown of Chinese FDI flows reveals that investments in leasing and business services, wholesale and retail, manufacturing, and financial services were most favored by Chinese investors.

Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Year to Date: Mainland China Fund Issuance Sales in Hong Kong: Net Capital Inflow data was reported at 859.129 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 856.538 RMB mn for Feb 2025. Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Year to Date: Mainland China Fund Issuance Sales in Hong Kong: Net Capital Inflow data is updated monthly, averaging 470.516 RMB mn from Jan 2016 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 111 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,098.230 RMB mn in Feb 2022 and a record low of 21.543 RMB mn in Jan 2016. Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Year to Date: Mainland China Fund Issuance Sales in Hong Kong: Net Capital Inflow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Balance of Payments – Table CN.JV: Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Mainland China Fund Issuance Sales in Hong Kong SAR (China).

China Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: in Reporting Economy data was reported at 159.696 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 300.625 USD bn for 2021. China Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: in Reporting Economy data is updated yearly, averaging 46.830 USD bn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 300.625 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 430.000 USD mn in 1982. China Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: in Reporting Economy data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.IDS: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account: Annual. Foreign direct investment (net) shows the net change in foreign investment in the reporting country. Foreign direct investment is defined as investment that is made to acquire a lasting management interest (usually of 10 percent of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in a country other than that of the investor (defined according to residency), the investor's purpose being an effective voice in the management of the enterprise. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows in the reporting economy. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Net financial flows, others (NFL, current US$) in China was reported at --146843536 USD in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Net financial flows, others (NFL, current US$) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Year to Date: Hong Kong Fund Issuance Sales in Mainland China: Capital Inflow data was reported at 107,560.737 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 102,769.772 RMB mn for Feb 2025. Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Year to Date: Hong Kong Fund Issuance Sales in Mainland China: Capital Inflow data is updated monthly, averaging 38,284.504 RMB mn from Jan 2016 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 111 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 107,560.737 RMB mn in Mar 2025 and a record low of 1.876 RMB mn in Jan 2016. Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Year to Date: Hong Kong Fund Issuance Sales in Mainland China: Capital Inflow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Balance of Payments – Table CN.JV: Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Hong Kong SAR (China) Fund Issuance Sales in Mainland China.

Net FDI inflows of China sank by 63.86% from 51,338,076,802 US dollars in 2023 to 18,556,141,173 US dollars in 2024. Since the 35.95% jump in 2021, net FDI inflows plummeted by 94.61% in 2024. Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

This statistic shows the direct investment position of the United States in China from 2000 to 2023, on a historical-cost basis. In 2023, the U.S. investments made in China were valued at 126.91 billion U.S. dollars. Direct investment position of the United States - additional information Foreign direct investment (FDI), simply put, is an investment of one company into another company located in a different country. It differs from a traditional way of investing into shares of foreign companies listed on a stock exchange. The companies which make foreign direct investment usually own a part of the company in which they invest and they have influence on the decision making process. In the United States, FDI is defined as an American investor (called the U.S. parent) owning a minimum of 10 percent of a foreign firm (known as a foreign affiliate). The total direct position of the United States abroad amounted to 6.68 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. Although the phenomenon profits greatly from the technological advances of the 21st century, as well as from the cultural flexibility of today’s workforce, FDI has a long history, going back to the colonial empires. Not without critics, FDI is generally believed to bring advantages to the investing company, such as access to new markets and decreased costs of labor, materials and production facilities. The local economy can benefit from an infusion of capital, access to new technologies and engagement of native labor pool. There are three recognized types of foreign direct investment, namely horizontal FDI, platform FDI and vertical FDI, along with various methods of implementing the investment itself. FDI considered by many one of the motors of worldwide economic growth. U.S. foreign investment abroad has seen a dramatic growth in the past decades. Multinational American corporations, especially focused on manufacturing, have largely invested in facilities overseas, due to financial benefits. However, a large share of these corporations focuses toward not only supplying the U.S. market, but also the local markets in which they operate. In 2020, the country that received the largest amount of U.S. foreign investment was the United Kingdom, with a little over one trillion U.S. dollars, followed by the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Overall, the total amount of U.S. dollars invested in European states in 2021 reached 3.98 trillion U.S. dollars compared to 2.25 trillion U.S. dollars a decade prior.

Key information about China Foreign Direct Investment

• China Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 8.3 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with a drop of 14.9 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• China Foreign Direct Investment: USD mn net flows data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1998 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 107.2 USD bn in Mar 2022 and a record low of -14.9 USD bn in Jun 2024.

• In the latest reports of China, Current Account recorded a surplus of 147.6 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• China Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 34.5 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 24.0 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 4,166.8 USD bn in Mar 2023.

As of 12 months into first quarter, Mainland China had the highest capital inflow for cross-border commercial real estate investments with **** billion U.S. dollars. In that year, Taiwan experienced the highest growth in capital inflows with ***** percent.

This file contains the programs and datasets used to produce all tables and figures in "Local Effects of Global Capital Flows: A China Shock in the U.S. Housing Market".

In 2023, the outflow of foreign direct investments from China to Singapore amounted to around **** billion U.S. dollars.This marked a record high during the recent decade.

Hong Kong HK: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data was reported at 35.848 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 41.529 % for 2016. Hong Kong HK: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 28.196 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2017, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 58.519 % in 2015 and a record low of 4.056 % in 2002. Hong Kong HK: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account. Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and Balance of Payments databases, World Bank, International Debt Statistics, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average; Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

The graph shows Chinese cash flows and capital stocks of direct investments in the United States in 2023, by sector. That year, Chinese investments in the U.S. manufacturing industry resulted in a cash flow of around *** billion U.S. dollars and a capital stock of around **** billion U.S. dollars.

Brazil Direct Investment: Liabilities: Equity Capital: Inflow: China data was reported at 12.691 USD mn in Feb 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.640 USD mn for Jan 2018. Brazil Direct Investment: Liabilities: Equity Capital: Inflow: China data is updated monthly, averaging 4.813 USD mn from Mar 2014 (Median) to Feb 2018, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 731.399 USD mn in Aug 2014 and a record low of 0.694 USD mn in Oct 2015. Brazil Direct Investment: Liabilities: Equity Capital: Inflow: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.OA007: Direct Investment: Liabilities: Equity Capital: Inflow: by Country. '1. Replacement series ID: 402800647 Central Bank of Brazil stopped release the information on monthly basis and started update it on annual basis with longest historical data.'

Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Year to Date: Mainland China Fund Issuance Sales in Hong Kong: Capital Inflow data was reported at 4,362.278 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,344.950 RMB mn for Feb 2025. Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Year to Date: Mainland China Fund Issuance Sales in Hong Kong: Capital Inflow data is updated monthly, averaging 1,728.192 RMB mn from Jan 2016 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 111 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,362.278 RMB mn in Mar 2025 and a record low of 21.639 RMB mn in Jan 2016. Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Year to Date: Mainland China Fund Issuance Sales in Hong Kong: Capital Inflow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Balance of Payments – Table CN.JV: Cross-border Issuance Sales of Fund: Mainland China Fund Issuance Sales in Hong Kong SAR (China).

Proportion of daily/large item consumption sites in Jiajiakou town (%).

Spatial flows matrix of primary school students in Jiajiakou town.

The linkages between the US and China, the world’s two major agricultural powers, have brought great uncertainty to the global food markets. Inspired by these, this paper examines the extreme risk spillovers between US and Chinese agricultural futures markets during significant crises. We use a copula-conditional value at risk (CoVaR) model with Markov-switching regimes to capture the tail dependence in their pair markets. The study covers the period from January 2006 to December 2022 and identifies two distinct dependence regimes (stable and crisis periods). Moreover, we find significant and asymmetric upside/downside extreme risk spillovers between the US and Chinese markets, which are highly volatile in crises. Additionally, the impact of international capital flows (the financial channel) on risk spillovers is particularly pronounced during the global financial crisis. During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine 2022 war, the impact of supply chain disruptions (the non-financial channel) is highlighted. Our findings provide a theoretical reference for monitoring the co-movements in agricultural futures markets and practical insights for managing investment portfolios and enhancing food market stability during crises.

The regression results during the US-China trade war (only including the period before the COVID-19 pandemic).