The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield held steady at 1.83% on December 2, 2025. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.07 points, though it remains 0.16 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for United States (IRLTLT01USM156N) from Apr 1953 to Oct 2025 about long-term, 10-year, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Foreign and International Investors (FDHBFIN) from Q1 1970 to Q2 2025 about foreign, debt, federal, and USA.

Sustainability Bonds Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global sustainability bonds market size reached USD 1.3 trillion in 2024, underpinned by a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.5% from 2025 to 2033. The market is projected to achieve a value of USD 8.7 trillion by 2033, driven by escalating investor demand for responsible finance and increasing regulatory support for sustainable investment frameworks. This remarkable growth trajectory is attributed to an intensifying global emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, as well as the integration of sustainability into core financial and corporate strategies.

The primary growth factor for the sustainability bonds market is the surging global commitment to climate action and sustainable development goals (SDGs). Governments and corporations are increasingly recognizing the necessity to finance projects that deliver measurable environmental and social benefits. As a result, sustainability bonds have emerged as a preferred instrument for channeling capital towards initiatives such as renewable energy, clean transportation, sustainable water management, and affordable housing. The market is further propelled by innovative financial structures, such as sustainability-linked bonds, which align the cost of capital with the achievement of predefined sustainability targets. These instruments are fostering greater accountability and transparency, thereby attracting a broader base of institutional and retail investors.

Another significant driver is the evolving regulatory landscape, with policymakers worldwide introducing frameworks and taxonomies to standardize sustainability bond issuance and reporting. The European UnionÂ’s Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) and the introduction of green bond standards in markets like China and the United States have provided greater clarity and confidence to investors. These regulatory advancements are lowering barriers to entry, reducing greenwashing risks, and promoting market integrity. Additionally, rating agencies and third-party verifiers are playing a crucial role in enhancing trust and facilitating the growth of the sustainability bonds market by ensuring that issuances adhere to internationally recognized principles such as the International Capital Market AssociationÂ’s (ICMA) Green Bond Principles and Social Bond Principles.

Institutional investor appetite for ESG-aligned assets is another key growth factor fueling the expansion of the sustainability bonds market. Pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, and asset managers are increasingly integrating sustainability criteria into their investment mandates, seeking to mitigate long-term risks and capitalize on opportunities associated with the global transition to a low-carbon economy. This shift is being reinforced by growing stakeholder expectations and the recognition that sustainable investments can deliver competitive financial returns alongside positive societal impact. As a result, sustainability bonds are becoming a strategic tool for issuers to diversify their investor base, enhance reputation, and access lower-cost capital.

From a regional perspective, Europe continues to dominate the sustainability bonds market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed by North America and Asia Pacific. The regionÂ’s leadership is attributed to proactive policy initiatives, a mature investor base, and a strong culture of corporate sustainability. However, Asia Pacific is rapidly closing the gap, supported by ambitious climate commitments from countries like China, Japan, and South Korea, as well as growing demand for sustainable infrastructure financing. North America is also witnessing significant growth, driven by increasing corporate issuance and supportive policy signals from the United States and Canada. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging as promising markets, spurred by international development finance and cross-border collaborations.

In recent years, Green Sukuk Financing has emerged as a significant innovation within the sustainability bonds market, particularly in regions with a strong Islamic finance presence. This financing mechanism aligns with Shariah principles, offering a unique opportunity to attract a broad base of investor

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ETF Market Size 2025-2029

The ETF market size is forecast to increase by USD 17.94 billion at a CAGR of 20.2% between 2024 and 2029.

The market continues to experience robust growth, with increasing institutional adoption and investor preference for cost-effective, diversified investment solutions. One of the key drivers propelling this market forward is the expansion of bond ETFs, blockchains which now account for over one-third of the total assets under management. This trend is expected to persist, as fixed income securities offer attractive yields in the current low-interest-rate environment. However, the market is not without its challenges. A significant concern is the potential for transaction risks, particularly in illiquid securities. This risk can lead to price discrepancies between the ETF's net asset value and its market price, potentially resulting in losses for investors.
Additionally, market volatility and sudden price movements can exacerbate these risks, making it crucial for market participants to closely monitor market conditions and adjust their strategies accordingly. Companies seeking to capitalize on the growth opportunities in the market while mitigating transaction risks may consider focusing on liquid securities and implementing robust risk management strategies.

What will be the Size of the ETF Market during the forecast period?

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The exchange-traded fund (ETF) market continues to evolve, integrating advanced technologies and applications across various sectors. Machine learning algorithms enhance the investment process, enabling more precise index construction in fixed income ETFs. Currency ETFs leverage technology to offer real-time exposure to foreign exchange markets. Small businesses benefit from scalability and affordability, with increasing numbers turning to ETFs for diversified investment opportunities. Service providers and financial institutions collaborate to ensure financial market stability, offering innovative solutions for passive investing strategies, including index funds and index mutual funds.
The integration of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology further enhances ETF offerings, reducing transaction costs and improving security. The ongoing unfolding of market activities reveals evolving patterns in trade finance, international trade, and asset management. ETFs continue to adapt, providing investors with efficient and cost-effective investment vehicles.

How is this ETF Industry segmented?

The etf industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Fixed income ETF
  Equity ETF
  Commodity ETF
  Real estate ETF
  Others


Product Type

  Large cap ETFs
  Mega cap ETFs
  Mid cap ETFs
  Small cap ETFs


End-User

  Retail Investors
  Institutional Investors


Investment Type

  Active
  Passive


Distribution Channel

  Brokerage Platforms
  Direct Sales


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Switzerland
    The Netherlands
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The fixed income etf segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In the dynamic securities markets of 2024, the fixed income Exchange-traded fund (ETF) emerged as a leading investment choice. This type of ETF, which invests in various fixed-income securities like corporate, municipal, and treasury bonds, is traded on a centralized stock exchange. In contrast, most corporate bonds are sold through bond brokers, limiting bond buyers' exposure to the stock exchange. Fixed income ETFs, however, provide extensive exposure, enabling investors to participate in the stock exchange's activity. These ETFs employ various technologies, such as Optical Character Recognition and Machine Learning, to ensure efficient trade processing and risk management.

Additionally, the integration of Blockchain technology enhances security and transparency. Fixed income ETFs cater to diverse investor needs, including small businesses seeking scalability and financial institutions aiming for financial market stability. The market offers various categories, such as Government Bond ETFs, which invest in government securities, and Currency ETFs, which provide exposure to foreign currencies. Furthermore, Real Estate ETFs, Commodity ETFs, and Alternative Trading Funds expand the investment universe. Service providers play a crucial role in facilitating these investment solutions, ensuring affordability through passive investing strategies and competitive transaction costs. Trade agreements and international