We delve into whether the equalization of basic public services can mitigate regional disparities in China’s economic resilience. Our analysis reveals that COVID-19 has diminished economic resilience and exacerbated regional differences. Notably, these regional disparities constitute the primary cause of spatial variations in economic resilience. Despite the initially low level of basic public services in Chinese cities, there is a discernible upward trend, indicating a gradual narrowing of regional disparities. Furthermore, we uncover a substantial positive correlation between the equalization of public services and variations in regional economic resilience, thereby offering fresh empirical evidence that the equalization of public services can help bridge the gap in regional economic resilience.

This study utilizes a panel dataset covering 262 Chinese cities from 2012 to 2019 and employs spatial econometric convergence test models to investigate the impact of public environmental awareness on spatial convergence of urban economic resilience. Empirical results reveal a significant spatial convergence pattern in urban economic resilience, but environmental awareness hampers this convergence. Through a mediation analysis, we find that the role of environmental awareness in the spatial convergence of urban economic resilience is moderated by two critical factors: foreign investment and scientific expenditure. The development of foreign investment and an increase in the scale of scientific expenditure weaken the inhibitory effect of environmental awareness on the spatial convergence of urban economic resilience.

City-level panel data covering the period 2005-2020.

Because the complexity of the external environment has put great pressure on the agricultural economy, making it vulnerable, it is necessary to promote a system of resilience in the agricultural economy so that Chinese agriculture can continue to persevere in the face of serious external uncertainties. Therefore, this paper investigates the spatio-temporal pattern and evolution of the distributional dynamics of China’s county-level agricultural economic resilience based on 2000–2020 data covering 2,545 counties. The results are as follows: first, from 2000 to 2020, the mean value of China’s county-level agricultural economic resilience showed an obvious upward trend, which indicates that China’s agricultural economy gradually increased its ability to resist risks and continued to develop in a favourable manner. Specifically, the county-level agricultural economic resilience index of the northeast region grew the most significantly, while the index of county units in the western region was relatively low. Second, the centre of gravity of the spatial distribution of China’s agricultural economic resilience gradually migrated to the northwest, showing a dominant direction from northeast to southwest and a tendency to develop from southeast to northwest. Third, the spatial differences in China’s agricultural economic resilience generally showed an upward trend, while county-level differences were the main source of the overall differences, followed by inter-provincial differences, inter-municipal differences and inter-regional differences. Additionally, the contribution of county-level differences to the overall differences fluctuated within the range of 54%-58%. Fourth, there is a possibility of localized convergence in China’s agricultural economic resilience, which is continuous in spatial effects and has obvious positively correlated spatial effects at different times and in different county spaces.

The contemporary economic landscape has placed significant emphasis on the digital economy and economic resilience, progressively emerging as pivotal focal points for examining the high-quality development of economic systems. However, there remains to be more research on several critical topics. This includes the characteristics of coordinated development between the digital economy and economic resilience systems and their interdependence. In response, this study formulates a comprehensive evaluative framework for digital economy development and regional economic resilience, grounded in the intrinsic mechanisms of both domains. It conducts a thorough evaluation employing entropy weight-TOPSIS methodology. Additionally, leveraging coupling theory, a coordination model’s coupling degree serves as the foundational framework for scrutinizing the symbiotic advancement of the digital economy and economic resilience, along with their interdependent nature. The research sample comprises data from 31 provinces and municipalities in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2011 to 2020. Spatial autocorrelation and Geodetector methodologies probe the evolutionary traits and driving factors underlying the coordinated developmental relationship between these two systems. The findings indicate an upward trajectory in China’s annual comprehensive development index for digital economy development (from 0.233 to 0.458) and regional economic resilience (from 0.393 to 0.497). The coupling and coordination between the two systems, measured from 0.504 in 2011 to 0.658 in 2020, demonstrate a consistent growth pattern with an average annual increase of 3.01%. These levels exhibit continuous improvement, with comprehensive economic zones manifesting hierarchical results within the coupling range of [0.5, 0.8]. Notably, agglomeration development evinces a pronounced spatial positive correlation, while local Moran scattering points are primarily concentrated in localized migration leaps. Factors such as foreign-funded enterprises’ total import and export volume, online payment capability, and fiber-optic cable length greatly influence the coupling relationship. In contrast, other variables exhibit a lower and more fluctuating degree of weighted impact. This study establishes a foundation for the synergistic and effective development of the digital economy and economic resilience within the Chinese region. Simultaneously, it offers valuable insights for research of related subjects in global contexts.

China expands its smartphone subsidies to boost domestic consumption and support local brands, enhancing economic resilience.

Supplementary material for Victor Cha, "Collective Resilience: Deterring China’s Weaponization of Economic Interdependence," International Security 48, no. 1 (Summer 2023): 91–124.

Taiwan's tariff talks with the U.S. aim to establish a zero-tariff regime, enhancing economic ties and reducing reliance on China, with strategic investments and global trade expansions.

The China Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) provides analysis and recommendations on integrating the country’s efforts to achieve high-quality development with the pursuit of emission reduction and climate resilience. Without adequate mitigation and adaptation efforts, climate risks will become a growing constraint to China’s long-term growth and prosperity, threatening to reverse development gains. Conversely, if efforts to tackle climate risks lead to a significant decline in growth and rising inequality, they would deprive millions of people of development and likely erode support for the reforms necessary to achieve a lasting economic transformation. Hence, China will need to grow and green its economy at the same time. This report offers policy options to achieve these dual objectives by easing inevitable trade-offs and maximizing potential synergies between China’s development and climate objectives. China’s development and climate change are deeply and increasingly intertwined. The country is both a contributor to rising global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions causing climate change and severely affected by its adverse impacts. Although China is not the main source of historical cumulative emissions, it today accounts for 27 percent of annual global carbon dioxide and a third of the world’s greenhouse gases emissions. Alongside other larger emitters, China’s contribution to reducing global climate risks is therefore crucial. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in its relatively carbon-intensive industrial economy will not be easy, posing transition risks but also opening new opportunities for development. At the same time, large parts of China’s population and economic infrastructure are heavily exposed to climate risks. China, like other countries, will have to adapt and build resilience to protect human life and avoid economic losses from the effects. The CCDR is firmly anchored in China’s own development and climate aspirations. China aims to sustain sufficient economic growth to double per capita income and become a high-income country by 2035. Simultaneously, recognizing the long-term threat climate change poses to its own and to global development, China has also made ambitious commitments to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. This report is, therefore, not about whether China should act to address climate change but how it can do so while safeguarding development gains and ambitions.

With the outbreak of the global public health crisis in 2019, enhancing the resilience of regional economies has become the current focal point. Existing studies have mostly focused on the region itself, lacking exploration of regional economic resilience from the aspects of dynamics, multiple perspectives, and multidimensional integration. At the same time, the digital industry, as an emerging sector, should not only consider its impact on economic development itself, but also focus on whether it can continuously and effectively enhance the level of regional economic resilience, in order to cope with crises that may arise at any time. Therefore, through empirical methods, we conducted a detailed study of the spatial correlation and internal driving factors between the digital industry and regional economic resilience, aiming to build a more valuable theoretical framework based on existing research findings and explore a regional resilience development strategy centered around the digital industry. This paper, combining conclusions and methods from existing literature, attempts to expand the definition of regional economic resilience, evaluation index system, and the relationship with the digital industry from the perspective of evolutionary economic geography. This article empirically examines data from 30 provinces in China from 2014 to 2022 (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan due to lack of data). Firstly, this paper employs a two-way fixed effects model to examine the direct relationship between digital industry development and regional economic resilience. The research results indicate that the development of the digital industry can effectively enhance regional economic resilience. Secondly, the role of spatial location, as an important aspect of evolutionary economic geography, is also considered in this paper. The spatial Durbin model is used to discover spatial spillover effects of digital industry development on regional economic resilience under different spatial location relationships. Finally, this paper considers environmental regulations as a threshold variable to study the impact of the digital industry on regional economic resilience under different levels of environmental regulation. The results indicate that when the degree of environmental regulation is less than 0.0011, the digital industry can more effectively empower the enhancement of regional economic resilience levels. In conclusion, this paper finds that while emphasizing the role of the digital industry in the resilient development of regional economies, it is also essential to promote regional cooperation for mutual benefit and win-win results. This will accelerate the transformation of digital enterprises, optimize industrial structures, and achieve green development.

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What is the Size of Arsenic Triselenide Market?

The arsenic triselenide market size is estimated to increase by USD 181.3 million, growing at a CAGR of 5.7% between 2023 and 2028. Arsenic triselenide is a nonlinear semiconductor material with significant applications in the defense industry and high-speed data transmission. The market for this compound is experiencing notable growth due to its high purity requirements and increasing demand for advanced technology. However, concerns regarding its toxicity pose a challenge to market expansion. To address this, there is a focus on improving production techniques and developing safer handling methods. The high-purity application of market in the defense sector for nonlinear optics and infrared detection is a major market driver. Additionally, the expansion of production facilities to meet the rising demand for high-speed data transmission solutions is expected to boost market growth. Despite these opportunities, the market faces challenges due to the toxic nature of this market, which necessitates stringent safety measures and regulatory compliance. In conclusion, the arsenic triselenide market is witnessing growth due to its applications in defense and high-speed data transmission, but the toxicity issues necessitate the development of safer production methods and handling techniques.

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Market Segment

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018 - 2022 for the following segments.

End-user

  Electronics and semiconductors
  Telecommunication
  Others


Type

  Powder
  Crystals
  Thin films


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    Vietnam


  North America

    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Spain


  South America

    Brazil


  Middle East and Africa

Which is the Largest Segment Driving Market Growth?

The electronics and semiconductors segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market holds significant importance in the fields of infrared optics and laboratory settings due to its distinctive properties. This market's growth can be attributed to its extensive use in the electronics and semiconductor industry. A recent development that underscores this trend is the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and the European Union (EU) on November 21, 2023. This agreement aims to bolster semiconductor research, innovation, and technological advancements, thereby strengthening the semiconductor ecosystem and its supply chain.

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The electronics and semiconductors segment was valued at USD 208.4 million in 2018. Arsenic triselenide's unique properties, including its high refractive index and excellent optical characteristics, make it an indispensable component in the electronics and semiconductor sectors. Infrared optics, in particular, benefit significantly from arsenic triselenide's properties, as it is widely used in the production of infrared sensors. In the laboratory setting, arsenic triselenide is employed in various applications, such as catalysts, semiconductors, and pigments. Its versatility and unique properties make it a valuable addition to the research and development landscape. In summary, the market is poised for growth due to its applications in the electronics and semiconductor industry, specifically in infrared optics and laboratory settings. The recent MoU between India and the EU is a testament to the market's significance and the ongoing efforts to advance technology and innovation in this field.

Which Region is Leading the Market?

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APAC is estimated to contribute 42% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

The Asia Pacific (APAC) region represents a significant market for arsenic triselenide due to the increasing demand for uniformity in electronics, telecommunications, and electrical products. In the financial year 2023-24, India imported approximately USD89.8 billion worth of these products, with over half coming from China and Hong Kong. China accounted for a 43.9% share of these imports, underlining the substantial reliance of India and other APAC countries on these countries for electronic components and goods. This heavy dependence on imports, particularly from China, poses a critical challenge for these countries. They must focus on enhancing economic resilience and safeguarding digital sovereignty by investing in research and development and

United States Ceramics Tableware Market size was valued at USD 6.16 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 9.61 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.27% from 2025 to 2032. Key Market Drivers

Economic Resilience & Consumer Confidence: The United States ceramics tableware market continues to benefit from the resilience of the broader home goods market. Despite challenges such as inflation, consumers are still investing in premium ceramic tableware due to their durability and aesthetic appeal. The home goods industry in the U.S. has witnessed a growth of 4.2% annually in 2023, with ceramic tableware being a key contributor.

Evolving Consumer Preferences: Changing preferences toward premium, artisanal, and sustainable products are significantly influencing the United States Ceramics Tableware Market. Millennials and Gen Z consumers are placing greater emphasis on authenticity and sustainability.

Economic resilience level distribution of megacities in China during 2011–2020.

With the rapid development of digital technology, the digital economy has become an important force to promote economic growth and drive innovation, and to enhance economic quality and ecological efficiency through green finance. Additionally, green finance, as an important means to achieve resource and environmental sustainability, has received increasing attention and importance from the international community. This study explores how the digital economy and green finance contribute to economic resilience using panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China from to 2011–2023. The development of the digital economy can effectively promote economic resilience, and green finance plays a significant mediating role between the digital economy and economic resilience. In this regard, China’s economic resilience must be enhanced by strengthening the construction of digital infrastructure, promoting innovation and the development of green finance, and formulating a policy environment conducive to the development of green finance.

With the rapid development of digital technology, the digital economy has become an important force to promote economic growth and drive innovation, and to enhance economic quality and ecological efficiency through green finance. Additionally, green finance, as an important means to achieve resource and environmental sustainability, has received increasing attention and importance from the international community. This study explores how the digital economy and green finance contribute to economic resilience using panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China from to 2011–2023. The development of the digital economy can effectively promote economic resilience, and green finance plays a significant mediating role between the digital economy and economic resilience. In this regard, China’s economic resilience must be enhanced by strengthening the construction of digital infrastructure, promoting innovation and the development of green finance, and formulating a policy environment conducive to the development of green finance.

The research on the vulnerability dataset of disaster bearing bodies in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (domestic section) is based on multi-source data fusion, and a vulnerability evaluation system covering natural disasters and socio-economic systems has been constructed. This dataset integrates field survey data (infrastructure distribution, population density), satellite remote sensing data (surface deformation monitoring, vegetation coverage), and statistical yearbook data (GDP, disaster prevention investment), and forms a multidimensional vulnerability database through GIS spatial analysis, remote sensing interpretation, and data standardization processing. The research team has developed a three-dimensional evaluation index system that includes exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability. The exposure index covers physical elements such as the proportion of geological hazard prone areas and the density of transportation arteries; Sensitivity indicators involve socio-economic factors such as ecological vulnerability index and poverty incidence rate; The indicators of adaptability include emergency response capability, medical resource density, and other elements of disaster prevention and reduction capability. To improve the evaluation accuracy, the traditional vulnerability index model was improved by introducing the random forest algorithm for weight optimization, and the stability of the model was verified through Monte Carlo simulation. The analysis results show that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the domestic section of the corridor: high vulnerability areas are concentrated in the Karakoram Pamir geologically active zone, driven by a combination of frequent extreme weather events, insufficient infrastructure disaster resistance standards, and weak regional economic resilience. The future research can be further extended to the high-altitude mountains along the "the Belt and Road". In combination with multi-scale remote sensing monitoring and socio-economic big data, we can deepen the research on the formation mechanism of cross-border disaster risk in the context of climate change, and provide scientific support for building a resilient Silk Road.

Infrastructure Sector Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global infrastructure sector market size reached USD 4.6 trillion in 2024, driven by substantial investments in transportation, energy, water management, and digital communications. The sector is experiencing a robust growth trajectory, reflected in a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.1% from 2025 to 2033. By 2033, the infrastructure sector market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 7.8 trillion. This expansion is underpinned by rapid urbanization, increasing government spending on public works, and the rising need for sustainable and resilient infrastructure worldwide.

One of the primary growth factors propelling the infrastructure sector market is the global surge in urbanization and population growth. As more people migrate to urban areas, cities are under immense pressure to upgrade and expand their infrastructure to accommodate the growing population. This includes the construction of new roads, bridges, public transportation systems, and utilities. Governments and private entities are responding by allocating significant budgets to large-scale infrastructure projects, particularly in emerging economies where urban populations are expanding most rapidly. The demand for smart infrastructure, which leverages digital technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability, is also accelerating this growth, as cities aim to become more livable and resilient to future challenges.

Another significant driver is the increasing prioritization of sustainability and climate resilience in infrastructure development. Governments across the globe are introducing stringent regulations and incentives to promote green infrastructure, such as renewable energy projects, efficient water management systems, and eco-friendly construction materials. The transition towards a low-carbon economy is compelling stakeholders in the infrastructure sector to invest in innovative solutions that minimize environmental impact while maximizing operational efficiency. These trends are not only fostering the adoption of advanced technologies like IoT, AI, and big data analytics in infrastructure management but also opening up new investment avenues in sectors such as energy, waste management, and sustainable transport.

Additionally, the growing importance of public-private partnerships (PPPs) is reshaping the infrastructure sector market landscape. With the magnitude and complexity of modern infrastructure projects often exceeding the financial and technical capabilities of single entities, PPPs are becoming a preferred model for project delivery. These collaborations enable risk-sharing, improve project efficiency, and ensure the mobilization of private capital for public infrastructure needs. Governments are increasingly adopting PPP frameworks to accelerate project timelines, ensure quality, and leverage private sector expertise, particularly in sectors like transport, energy, and social infrastructure. This trend is expected to further stimulate market growth, especially in regions where public funding alone is insufficient to meet infrastructure demands.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region stands out as a powerhouse in the infrastructure sector market, accounting for the largest share due to massive investments in China, India, and Southeast Asian countries. North America and Europe also represent significant markets, driven by modernization initiatives and the replacement of aging infrastructure. The Middle East & Africa, while smaller in market size, is witnessing rapid growth fueled by ambitious government visions and increased foreign investment. Each region presents unique opportunities and challenges, influenced by economic, political, and demographic factors, as well as the maturity of existing infrastructure networks.

Type Analysis

The infrastructure sector market is broadly segmented by type, encompassing transport infrastructure, energy infrastructure, water and waste management, comm

With the outbreak of the global public health crisis in 2019, enhancing the resilience of regional economies has become the current focal point. Existing studies have mostly focused on the region itself, lacking exploration of regional economic resilience from the aspects of dynamics, multiple perspectives, and multidimensional integration. At the same time, the digital industry, as an emerging sector, should not only consider its impact on economic development itself, but also focus on whether it can continuously and effectively enhance the level of regional economic resilience, in order to cope with crises that may arise at any time. Therefore, through empirical methods, we conducted a detailed study of the spatial correlation and internal driving factors between the digital industry and regional economic resilience, aiming to build a more valuable theoretical framework based on existing research findings and explore a regional resilience development strategy centered around the digital industry. This paper, combining conclusions and methods from existing literature, attempts to expand the definition of regional economic resilience, evaluation index system, and the relationship with the digital industry from the perspective of evolutionary economic geography. This article empirically examines data from 30 provinces in China from 2014 to 2022 (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan due to lack of data). Firstly, this paper employs a two-way fixed effects model to examine the direct relationship between digital industry development and regional economic resilience. The research results indicate that the development of the digital industry can effectively enhance regional economic resilience. Secondly, the role of spatial location, as an important aspect of evolutionary economic geography, is also considered in this paper. The spatial Durbin model is used to discover spatial spillover effects of digital industry development on regional economic resilience under different spatial location relationships. Finally, this paper considers environmental regulations as a threshold variable to study the impact of the digital industry on regional economic resilience under different levels of environmental regulation. The results indicate that when the degree of environmental regulation is less than 0.0011, the digital industry can more effectively empower the enhancement of regional economic resilience levels. In conclusion, this paper finds that while emphasizing the role of the digital industry in the resilient development of regional economies, it is also essential to promote regional cooperation for mutual benefit and win-win results. This will accelerate the transformation of digital enterprises, optimize industrial structures, and achieve green development.

The Hong Kong trade finance market, valued at $57 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by the city's strategic position as a global financial hub and its strong ties with mainland China. The 6.50% CAGR indicates a significant expansion over the forecast period (2025-2033). Key drivers include increasing international trade, particularly within Asia, the growth of e-commerce and digitalization within trade finance processes, and the ongoing expansion of businesses leveraging Hong Kong's efficient and well-established financial infrastructure. While regulatory changes and global economic uncertainties could present challenges, the market's resilience and diversification across service providers (banks, trade finance companies, insurance companies) and application types (domestic and international transactions) suggest a positive outlook. The involvement of major international and local banks like Bank of China, HSBC, and Standard Chartered underscores the market's significance and competitive landscape. Growth is likely to be further fueled by government initiatives promoting financial technology and innovation within the sector. The segments within the Hong Kong trade finance market present diverse opportunities. Banks are currently the dominant players, given their established networks and expertise, but Fintech companies are aggressively entering the market, driving competition and innovation, particularly in areas like digital payments and blockchain technology. The international segment is expected to show faster growth than the domestic one due to the increasing global trade volumes and Hong Kong's pivotal role in facilitating cross-border transactions. The geographic expansion of the market across Asia Pacific and beyond further promises significant opportunities for growth, with regions such as mainland China and Southeast Asia providing substantial potential. However, managing risks associated with geopolitical instability and fluctuations in global trade patterns will be crucial for sustainable market expansion. This report provides a detailed analysis of the Hong Kong trade finance market, offering invaluable insights for businesses, investors, and policymakers. We delve into the market's size, growth trajectory, key players, and emerging trends, covering the period from 2019 to 2033. Our meticulous research utilizes data from the historical period (2019-2024), the base year (2025), and the forecast period (2025-2033). The report is crucial for understanding the dynamics of this vital sector within the broader Asian financial landscape, particularly given Hong Kong's strategic role as a global trade hub. Note: Website links are not provided as readily available global links for all listed companies were unavailable at the time of report generation. Recent developments include: August 2023: Hang Seng Bank increased its presence in the cross-border wealth management sector by leveraging the "Wealth Connect" system, which connects mainland China, Hong Kong, and the Greater Bay Area., May 2023: Standard Chartered successfully finalized the acquisition of RBC Investor Services Trust in Hong Kong, integrating it into a newly authorized entity known as Standard Chartered Trustee (Hong Kong) Ltd.. Key drivers for this market are: Accelerated Digital Adoption is Driving the Market, Economic Conditions. Potential restraints include: Accelerated Digital Adoption is Driving the Market, Economic Conditions. Notable trends are: Technological Advancements and Digitalization are Driving the Market.

Trends in the evolution of agricultural economic resilience in China, 2000–2020.