The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China expanded 5.20 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - China GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

According to preliminary figures, the growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) in China amounted to 5.0 percent in 2024. For 2025, the IMF expects a GDP growth rate of around 3.95 percent. Real GDP growth The current gross domestic product is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. It refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. When analyzing year-on-year changes, the current GDP is adjusted for inflation, thus making it constant. Real GDP growth is regarded as a key indicator for economic growth as it incorporates constant GDP figures. As of 2024, China was among the leading countries with the largest gross domestic product worldwide, second only to the United States which had a GDP volume of almost 29.2 trillion U.S. dollars. The Chinese GDP has shown remarkable growth over the past years. Upon closer examination of the distribution of GDP across economic sectors, a gradual shift from an economy heavily based on industrial production towards an economy focused on services becomes visible, with the service industry outpacing the manufacturing sector in terms of GDP contribution. Key indicator balance of trade Another important indicator for economic assessment is the balance of trade, which measures the relationship between imports and exports of a nation. As an economy heavily reliant on manufacturing and industrial production, China has reached a trade surplus over the last decade, with a total trade balance of around 992 billion U.S. dollars in 2024.

In 2024, the gross domestic product (GDP) of China amounted to around 18.7 trillion U.S. dollars. In comparison to the GDP of the other BRIC countries India, Russia and Brazil, China came first that year and second in the world GDP ranking. The stagnation of China's GDP in U.S. dollar terms in 2022 and 2023 was mainly due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. China's real GDP growth was 3.1 percent in 2022 and 5.4 percent in 2023. In 2024, per capita GDP in China reached around 13,300 U.S. dollars. Economic performance in China Gross domestic product (GDP) is a primary economic indicator. It measures the total value of all goods and services produced in an economy over a certain time period. China's economy used to grow quickly in the past, but the growth rate of China’s real GDP gradually slowed down in recent years, and year-on-year GDP growth is forecasted to range at only around four percent in the years after 2024. Since 2010, China has been the world’s second-largest economy, surpassing Japan.China’s emergence in the world’s economy has a lot to do with its status as the ‘world’s factory’. Since 2013, China is the largest export country in the world. Some argue that it is partly due to the undervalued Chinese currency. The Big Mac Index, a simplified and informal way to measure the purchasing power parity between different currencies, indicates that the Chinese currency yuan was roughly undervalued by 38 percent in 2024. GDP development Although the impressive economic development in China has led millions of people out of poverty, China is still not in the league of industrialized countries on the per capita basis. To name one example, the U.S. per capita economic output was more than six times as large as in China in 2024. Meanwhile, the Chinese society faces increased income disparities. The Gini coefficient of China, a widely used indicator of economic inequality, has been larger than 0.45 over the last decade, whereas 0.40 is the warning level for social unrest.

In 2024, the employment rate in China decreased to around 62.4 percent, from 62.8 percent in the previous year. China is the world’s most populous country and its rapid economic development over the past decades has profited greatly from its large labor market. While the overall working conditions for the Chinese people are improving, the actual size of the working-age population in China has been shrinking steadily in recent years. This is mainly due to a low birth rate in the country. Economic slowdown – impact on labor market After decades of rapid development, the world’s second largest economy now seems to have difficulties to boost its economy further. The GDP growth rate indicated a declining trend over the last decade and the number of employed people decreased for the first time since decades in 2015. Under the influence of the global economic downturn, the coronavirus pandemic, and the US-China tensions, many Chinese enterprises are having tough times, which leads to a recession in China’s labor market. Chances for better employment situation The long-lasting Sino-U.S. trade war has caused China great loss on its international trade sector, which has been driving China’s economic growth for decades. However, there is also a lot China could improve. First, the potential of domestic demands could be further developed and satisfied with high-quality products. Second, it’s a good timing to eliminate backward industries with low value added, and the high-tech and environment-friendly industries should be further promoted. In addition, China’s market could be more open to services, especially in the financial sector and IT services, to attract more foreign investors. Highly skilled talents should be better valued in the labor market. Efficient vocational education and further education could also help change the structure of China’s labor market.

In the second quarter of 2025, the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in China ranged at *** percent compared to the same quarter of the previous year. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. GDP growth in China In 2024, China ranged second among countries with the largest gross domestic product worldwide. Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, the country has experienced rapid social and economic development. In 2013, it became the world’s largest trading nation, overtaking the United States. However, per capita GDP in China was still much lower than that of industrialized countries. Until 2011, the annual growth rate of China’s GDP had constantly been above nine percent. However, economic growth has cooled down since and is projected to further slow down gradually in the future. Rising domestic wages and the competitive edge of other Asian and African countries are seen as main reasons for the stuttering in China’s economic engine. One strategy of the Chinese government to overcome this transition is a gradual shift of economic focus from industrial production to services. Challenges to GDP growth Another major challenge lies in the massive environmental pollution that China’s reckless economic growth has caused over the past decades. China’s development has been powered mostly by coal consumption, which resulted in high air pollution. To counteract industrial pollution, further investments in waste management and clean technologies are necessary. In 2017, about **** percent of GDP was spent on pollution control. Surging environmental costs aside, environmental issues could also be a key to industrial transition as China placed major investments in renewable energy and clean tech projects. The consumption of green energy skyrocketed from **** exajoules in 2005 to **** million in 2022.

China’s reported global investment has been in decline since 2016. This is due to a number of factors, including regulatory changes, the economic slowdown in China and the declining value of China’s foreign currency reserves. However, Cambodia does not follow this trend and investment has been on the rise since 2015. This passed US$778 million in 2018, according to official Chinese statistics. Additionally, project contracting has increased dramatically. In 2017, Chinese companies signed contracts worth more US$3.3 billion in Cambodia.

China foreign direct investment for 2023 was 42.73 billion US dollars, a 77.54% decline from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>China foreign direct investment for 2022 was <strong>190.20 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>44.72% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>China foreign direct investment for 2021 was <strong>344.07 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>35.95% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>China foreign direct investment for 2020 was <strong>253.10 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>35.22% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in the reporting economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

The impact of digital financial inclusion (If) and agricultural technology innovation (Gi) on agricultural carbon emissions has attracted wide attention from the academic community, but the inconsistent conclusions of existing studies and the reality that few studies have gathered them into a framework require more evidence to fill this gap, which can contribute more insights to promoting economic development and controlling carbon emissions. Taking the provincial-level relevant data of China’s agriculture from 2011 to 2020 as a sample, the GMM method is used to integrally test the relationship between the three factors. The results show that (1) from 2011 to 2020, China’s overall agricultural carbon emissions experienced two stages of fluctuating rise (2011–2015) and continuous decline (2015–2020). In 2015, China’s agricultural carbon emissions peaked at 1,040 million tons; Overall, Hunan, Hubei, and Henan were the provinces with the largest agricultural carbon emissions; Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai are provinces with relatively low agricultural carbon emissions. (2) Although the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural carbon emissions is negative, it is not significant. (3) Agricultural technology innovation promoted the reduction of agricultural carbon emissions. If the level of agricultural technology innovation increased by 1 percentage point, agricultural carbon emissions would decrease by 0.09 percentage points. (4) Mechanism analysis showed that agricultural technology innovation could reduce carbon emissions through the efficiency of agricultural resource allocation, and its effect reached 56%. The results can provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate targeted policies, and the methods can be extended to other places.

The impact of digital financial inclusion (If) and agricultural technology innovation (Gi) on agricultural carbon emissions has attracted wide attention from the academic community, but the inconsistent conclusions of existing studies and the reality that few studies have gathered them into a framework require more evidence to fill this gap, which can contribute more insights to promoting economic development and controlling carbon emissions. Taking the provincial-level relevant data of China’s agriculture from 2011 to 2020 as a sample, the GMM method is used to integrally test the relationship between the three factors. The results show that (1) from 2011 to 2020, China’s overall agricultural carbon emissions experienced two stages of fluctuating rise (2011–2015) and continuous decline (2015–2020). In 2015, China’s agricultural carbon emissions peaked at 1,040 million tons; Overall, Hunan, Hubei, and Henan were the provinces with the largest agricultural carbon emissions; Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai are provinces with relatively low agricultural carbon emissions. (2) Although the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural carbon emissions is negative, it is not significant. (3) Agricultural technology innovation promoted the reduction of agricultural carbon emissions. If the level of agricultural technology innovation increased by 1 percentage point, agricultural carbon emissions would decrease by 0.09 percentage points. (4) Mechanism analysis showed that agricultural technology innovation could reduce carbon emissions through the efficiency of agricultural resource allocation, and its effect reached 56%. The results can provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate targeted policies, and the methods can be extended to other places.

In real terms, the UAE construction industry posted positive growth during the review period (2012–2016). Construction activity experienced a slight slowdown during 2015, owing to the impact of low oil prices. In addition, economic slowdown in China weighed on the UAE’s economic performance. Read More

Revenue for the Paper and Paperboard Container Manufacturing industry in China is set to reach $141.5 billion in 2024, up 7.0% for the year. Industry revenue has increased at an annualized 4.1% over the past five years. The industry's growth rate has been constrained due to the economic slowdown in China, which limited demand for paper and paperboard products from downstream industries. Industry output has increased an annualized 1.8% over the past five years. Industry profitability has been affected due to rapidly increasing paper and paperboard material costs in recent years. Industry profitability is estimated to be 6.2% in 2024. Over the five years through 2029, industry revenue is forecasted to increase an annualized 6.1%, reaching $190.3 billion in 2029. The main drivers of industry growth will be steady increases in overall domestic demand, gradual economic growth in central and western regions in China, and growth in the industry's exports.

China manufacturing output for 2023 was 4.659 trillion US dollars, a 3.74% decline from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>China manufacturing output for 2022 was <strong>4.840 trillion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>1.41% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>China manufacturing output for 2021 was <strong>4.909 trillion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>27.15% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>China manufacturing output for 2020 was <strong>3.861 trillion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>0.97% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

The Coal Product Manufacturing in China has exhibited declined growth over the past five years, mainly affected by the accelerated process of global ‘de-coal' and clean energy substitution. In addition, with the realization of central heating in cities of China in winter and the popularity of gas and natural gas in cities, fewer and fewer consumers use coal products as fuel for heating and cooking. The demand for coal products declined in recent years. Industry revenue is expected to decrease at an annualized rate of 5.7% over the five years through 2023, to an estimated $2.8 billion. This trend includes a decline of 5.4% in the current year. The number of industry enterprises is expected to decrease at an annualized 1.8% from 172 in 2018 to an estimated 157 in 2023. Many of the companies currently operating in the industry are small, and extensive restructuring over the past few years has led to some mergers and acquisitions. This trend led to the fall in enterprise numbers over the period.Industry profit is expected to account for 3.1% of industry revenue in 2023. Higher regulations within the industry have been raising production costs for coal product manufacturers over the past few years. In addition, raw material prices have been increasing.Industry revenue is forecast to decrease at an annualized 4.1% over the five years through 2028, to $2.3 billion. Coal products are highly polluting, and as China's economy grows, the government is increasingly focusing on protecting the environment. In the future, the main downstream industries of the Coal Product Manufacturing in China will reduce the use of coal products because of their low calorific value and high pollution. Future domestic economic growth will therefore lead to a slowdown in demand for products from the industry.The number of industry enterprises is forecast to decrease in the coming years. Higher concentration will make the industry able to better optimize resources for distribution and waste reduction.

Over the five years through 2025, revenue for the Airports industry in China is expected to increase at an annualized 14.1%, primarily due to the recovery of the COVID-19 epidemic. Previously, cultural exchange campaigns between China and other countries contributed to revenue growth. However, the industry revenue decreased in 2020 and 2022 due to the global economic slowdown attributable to the COVID-19 epidemic, and fiercer competition from high-speed railways.The Airports industry in China is sensitive to general economic conditions and passenger volumes. Some short-distance airline services may be seen as non-essential, as cheaper substitutes are often available. Airport operations are highly dependent on demand for domestic and international air travel, which have been somewhat volatile over the past five years.The industry's nonaeronautical businesses, such as advertising and property development, are becoming increasingly important to operators. This is particularly the case for large airports with high passenger numbers, which provides further expansion opportunities for nonaeronautical businesses. Additionally, charges on aeronautical businesses are closely regulated by government agencies while the nonaeronautical segment is more market oriented.Over the five years through 2030, industry revenue is forecast to grow at an annualized 4.8%. There is significant growth potential for the industry, as flights per capita in China are much lower than in other developed economies. The industry will develop into integrated transportation systems. Through the intelligent transportation system, passengers can transfer to high-speed rail, subway and public transportation. Multimodal transportation realizes the effective connection between various systems, improving the convenience and efficiency.

Strongly growing domestic demand for footwear from China's large population has supported the development of the Shoe Store industry in China over the past five years. In addition, rising income levels and the availability of a wider range of higher quality footwear products has boosted domestic sales for the industry. Industry revenue is expected to increase at an annualized 1.5% over the five years through 2023, to reach $55.5 billion, including expected growth of 4.5% in the current year.Mainland China has been the largest global manufacturing base for footwear since the 1990s. Currently, China supplies over 65.0% of global footwear demand. Domestic manufacturers have gradually improved their manufacturing technologies and designing abilities over the past two decades, which has stimulated demand for new footwear products. Currently, over 443,496 shoe retailers operate in China, employing about 1.8 million people with estimated wage costs of $5.2billion.The industry is projected to grow more slowly over the next five years compared with the past five-year period due to China's ongoing economic slowdown and high cost pressures. Industry revenue is forecast to increase at an annualized 3.9% over the five years through 2028, to reach $67.2 billion. Footwear chain stores and supermarkets are anticipated to grow in popularity. However, clothing and footwear trade centers will likely remain the dominant business models.Due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have chosen to stay at home instead of going out to avoid being infected by the virus. During 2020 to 2022, COVID-19 epidemic and express delivery still have a great impact on the Chinese market. Enterprises in the industry are increasing the transformation of Internet marketing business and increasing sales volume through their artists or anchors.

In 2024, the value of personal housing loans in China amounted to ************** yuan, representing a slight drop of *** percent compared to the previous year. The overall value of outstanding mortgages more than doubled between 2016 and 2021 before it plateaued afterwards. A key factor to the growth of the real estate market China's personal housing loan market emerged in the 1990s in tandem with the marketization of the country's real estate sector. Its subsequent expansion also mirrored the growth in the property industry. Thanks to the dramatic rise in home prices across China since the early 2000s, substantial capital has poured into the market through real estate development loans and personal housing credits. For almost two decades, many Chinese middle class citizens accumulated their personal wealth through the considerable appreciation of their properties, which they financed with the help of mortgages. Risks The persistently high level of outstanding personal mortgage is becoming increasingly concerning amidst China’s current economic and market situation. With the country’s economic slowdown and the oversupply in the property sector, the housing market is losing steam, resulting in elevated risks of bad debts to financial institutions. At the same time, the household debt in China is now staying above ** percent of the country’s GDP, undermining the ability to consume and invest in the Chinese population.

Foreign Direct Investment YoY in China decreased to -13.20 percent in May from -10.90 percent in April of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for China Foreign Direct Investment YoY.

Revenue for the Car Dealers industry in China is expected to decrease at an annualized rate of 0.1% over the five years through 2025, including a growth of 0.8% in 2025 alone, to $454.8 billion. In 2025, the industry profitability is expected to be 1.9%. Industry revenue has declined due to a slowdown in economic growth, rising emission standards and the COVID-19 outbreak over the past five years.In 2020, industry revenue decreased by 5.5% due to the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent slowdown of the economy. In 2021, as the economy recovered from the COVID-19 outbreak and demand from the passenger car market rebounded, industry revenue increased by 1.9% to $464.9 billion. In 2022, with negative influence of COVID-19 epidemic, industry revenue decreased by 0.4% to $462.9 billion. In 2023, sales volume of automobiles increased by 12.0%, however, mainly due to decreasing average vehicle prices, the industry revenue decreased by 2.4% to $451.7 billion. The industry revenue continued decreasing by 0.1% to $451.2 in 2024.With increasing income level of residents, increasing acceptance level of vehicle purchase by loans or financing lease, accelerating establishment of dealership network of alternative-fuel automobiles and continual technology improvement of alternative-fuel automobiles, industry revenue is forecast to grow at an annualized 0.9% over the five years through 2030, to $476.1 billion. In the next five years, the 3-tier and 4-tier cities will be key areas to expand dealership network. In addition, the industry competition will be further intensified. The mergers and acquisitions in the industry will be more active.In addition, the development of automobile automobiles has become one of the national strategies in China. The Development Plan of Alternative-Fuel Automobile Industry (2021-2035) was issued by the General Office of the State Council to promote the high-quality development of alternative-fuel automobiles. Therefore, car dealers have been increasing the investment in the network layout of alternative-fuel automobiles in recent years and will continue increasing in the next five years.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India expanded 7.40 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - India GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the BRICS countries have been considered the five foremost developing economies in the world. Originally, the term BRIC was used by economists when talking about the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, however these countries have held annual summits since 2009, and the group has expanded to include South Africa since 2010. China has the largest GDP of the BRICS country, at 16.86 trillion U.S. dollars in 2021, while the others are all below three trillion. Combined, the BRICS bloc has a GDP over 25.85 trillion U.S. dollars in 2022, which is slightly more than the United States. BRICS economic development China has consistently been the largest economy of this bloc, and its rapid growth has seen it become the second largest economy in the world, behind the U.S.. China's growth has also been much faster than the other BRICS countries; for example, when compared with the second largest BRICS economy, its GDP was less than double the size of Brazil's in 2000, but is almost six times larger than India's in 2021. Since 2000, the country with the second largest GDP has fluctuated between Brazil, Russia, and India, due to a variety of factors, although India has held this position since 2015 (when the other two experienced recession), and it's growth rate is on track to surpass China's in the coming decade. South Africa has consistently had the smallest economy of the BRICS bloc, and it has just the third largest economy in Africa; its inclusion in this group is due to the fact that it is the most advanced and stable major economy in Africa, and it holds strategic importance due to the financial potential of the continent in the coming decades. Future developments It is predicted that China's GDP will overtake that of the U.S. by the end of the 2020s, to become the largest economy in the world, while some also estimate that India will also overtake the U.S. around the middle of the century. Additionally, the BRICS group is more than just an economic or trading bloc, and its New Development Bank was established in 2014 to invest in sustainable infrastructure and renewable energy across the globe. While relations between its members were often strained or of less significance in the 20th century, their current initiatives have given them a much greater international influence. The traditional great powers represented in the Group of Seven (G7) have seen their international power wane in recent decades, while BRICS countries have seen theirs grow, especially on a regional level. Today, the original BRIC countries combine with the Group of Seven (G7), to make up 11 of the world's 12 largest economies, but it is predicted that they will move further up on this list in the coming decades.