In 2024, the gross domestic product (GDP) of China amounted to around 18.7 trillion U.S. dollars. In comparison to the GDP of the other BRIC countries India, Russia and Brazil, China came first that year and second in the world GDP ranking. The stagnation of China's GDP in U.S. dollar terms in 2022 and 2023 was mainly due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. China's real GDP growth was 5.4 percent in 2023 and 5.0 percent in 2024. In 2024, per capita GDP in China reached around 13,300 U.S. dollars. Economic performance in China Gross domestic product (GDP) is a primary economic indicator. It measures the total value of all goods and services produced in an economy over a certain time period. China's economy used to grow quickly in the past, but the growth rate of China’s real GDP gradually slowed down in recent years, and year-on-year GDP growth is forecasted to range at only around four percent in the years after 2024. Since 2010, China has been the world’s second-largest economy, surpassing Japan.China’s emergence in the world’s economy has a lot to do with its status as the ‘world’s factory’. Since 2013, China is the largest export country in the world. Some argue that it is partly due to the undervalued Chinese currency. The Big Mac Index, a simplified and informal way to measure the purchasing power parity between different currencies, indicates that the Chinese currency yuan was roughly undervalued by 38 percent in 2024. GDP development Although the impressive economic development in China has led millions of people out of poverty, China is still not in the league of industrialized countries on the per capita basis. To name one example, the U.S. per capita economic output was more than six times as large as in China in 2024. Meanwhile, the Chinese society faces increased income disparities. The Gini coefficient of China, a widely used indicator of economic inequality, has been larger than 0.45 over the last decade, whereas 0.40 is the warning level for social unrest.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China expanded 4.80 percent in the third quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - China GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China GDP: PPP: 2017 Price data was reported at 25,684,414.532 Intl $ mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 24,938,967.814 Intl $ mn for 2021. China GDP: PPP: 2017 Price data is updated yearly, averaging 7,839,613.420 Intl $ mn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25,684,414.532 Intl $ mn in 2022 and a record low of 1,616,385.776 Intl $ mn in 1990. China GDP: PPP: 2017 Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Purchasing Power Parity. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the country plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2017 international dollars.;International Comparison Program, World Bank | World Development Indicators database, World Bank | Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme.;Gap-filled total;

According to preliminary figures, the growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) in China amounted to 5.0 percent in 2024. For 2025, the IMF expects a GDP growth rate of around 4.8 percent. Real GDP growth The current gross domestic product is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. It refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. When analyzing year-on-year changes, the current GDP is adjusted for inflation, thus making it constant. Real GDP growth is regarded as a key indicator for economic growth as it incorporates constant GDP figures. As of 2024, China was among the leading countries with the largest gross domestic product worldwide, second only to the United States which had a GDP volume of almost 29.2 trillion U.S. dollars. The Chinese GDP has shown remarkable growth over the past years. Upon closer examination of the distribution of GDP across economic sectors, a gradual shift from an economy heavily based on industrial production towards an economy focused on services becomes visible, with the service industry outpacing the manufacturing sector in terms of GDP contribution. Key indicator balance of trade Another important indicator for economic assessment is the balance of trade, which measures the relationship between imports and exports of a nation. As an economy heavily reliant on manufacturing and industrial production, China has reached a trade surplus over the last decade, with a total trade balance of around 992 billion U.S. dollars in 2024.

In the third quarter of 2025, the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in China ranged at *** percent compared to the same quarter of the previous year. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. GDP growth in China In 2024, China ranged second among countries with the largest gross domestic product worldwide. Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, the country has experienced rapid social and economic development. In 2013, it became the world’s largest trading nation, overtaking the United States. However, per capita GDP in China was still much lower than that of industrialized countries. Until 2011, the annual growth rate of China’s GDP had constantly been above nine percent. However, economic growth has cooled down since and is projected to further slow down gradually in the future. Rising domestic wages and the competitive edge of other Asian and African countries are seen as main reasons for the stuttering in China’s economic engine. One strategy of the Chinese government to overcome this transition is a gradual shift of economic focus from industrial production to services. Challenges to GDP growth Another major challenge lies in the massive environmental pollution that China’s reckless economic growth has caused over the past decades. China’s development has been powered mostly by coal consumption, which resulted in high air pollution. To counteract industrial pollution, further investments in waste management and clean technologies are necessary. In 2017, about **** percent of GDP was spent on pollution control. Surging environmental costs aside, environmental issues could also be a key to industrial transition as China placed major investments in renewable energy and clean tech projects. The consumption of green energy skyrocketed from **** exajoules in 2005 to **** million in 2022.

China GDP: TI: Real Estate data was reported at 5,984.640 RMB bn in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,396.520 RMB bn for 2017. China GDP: TI: Real Estate data is updated yearly, averaging 21.524 RMB bn from Dec 1952 (Median) to 2018, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,984.640 RMB bn in 2018 and a record low of 1.320 RMB bn in 1953. China GDP: TI: Real Estate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table CN.AA: Gross Domestic Product.

Economic Activity Index in China decreased to 50.80 points in October from 51.70 points in September of 2021. This dataset provides - China Economic Activity Index- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China GDP: % of GDP: Gross Value Added: Services data was reported at 51.629 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 51.556 % for 2016. China GDP: % of GDP: Gross Value Added: Services data is updated yearly, averaging 44.247 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2017, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.629 % in 2017 and a record low of 41.182 % in 2004. China GDP: % of GDP: Gross Value Added: Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Share of GDP. Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3 or 4.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted average;

In 2024, the rate of surveyed unemployment in urban areas of China amounted to approximately 5.1 percent. The unemployment rate is expected to remain at 5.1 percent in 2025 and the following years. Monthly unemployment ranged at a level of around 5.2 percent in the third quarter of 2025. Unemployment rate in China In 2017, the National Statistics Bureau of China introduced surveyed unemployment as a new indicator of unemployment in the country. It is based on monthly surveys among the labor force in urban areas of China. Surveyed unemployment replaced registered unemployment figures, which were often criticized for missing out large parts of the urban labor force and thereby not presenting a true picture of urban unemployment levels. However, current unemployment figures still do not include rural areas.A main concern in China’s current state of employment lies within the large regional differences. As of 2021, the unemployment rate in northeastern regions of China was notably higher than in China’s southern parts. In Beijing, China’s political and cultural center, registered unemployment ranged at around 3.2 percent for 2021. Indicators of economic activities Apart from the unemployment rate, most commonly used indicators to measure economic activities of a country are GDP growth and inflation rate. According to an IMF forecast, GDP growth in China will decrease to about four percent in 2025, after five percent in 2023, depicting a decrease of more than six percentage points from 10.6 percent in 2010. Quarterly growth data published by the National Bureau of Statistics indicated 5.4 percent GDP growth for the first quarter of 2025.

China Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Western Hemisphere: Sint Maarten data was reported at 8.534 USD mn in 2017. China Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Western Hemisphere: Sint Maarten data is updated yearly, averaging 8.534 USD mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. China Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Western Hemisphere: Sint Maarten data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.IMF.DOT: Exports: fob: by Country: Annual.

China Employment: % Change over Previous Period data was reported at 0.048 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.196 % for 2016. China Employment: % Change over Previous Period data is updated yearly, averaging 0.810 % from Dec 1986 (Median) to 2017, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.507 % in 1990 and a record low of 0.048 % in 2017. China Employment: % Change over Previous Period data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.IMF.IFS: Labour Force, Employment and Unemployment: Annual.

This dataset consists of transcripts and notes of interviews conducted in China between April 2017 and December 2018. The interviews were on the theme of informal finance in China and its recent transformation in the light of technological and regulatory changes. The interviewees included executives in financial and technological companies, officials, judges and lawyers.

China's rapid economic growth in recent decades has been attributed to its reliance on informal contracting and trust-based relationships. This claim is a reflection of the absence in China of some of the more formal legal and regulatory institutions of the market economies of the global north. Although the claim that China lacks formal legal mechanisms of market governance may have been somewhat overstated, it is the case that informal finance, particularly in the form of trade credit, family lending and communal investing, has played a major role in supporting China's growth. The prevalence of informal finance constitutes a significance source of flexibility for China's economy given the limitations of the formal sector, which remains dominated by state-owned banks lending largely to state-owned enterprises. Informal finance is also evolving quickly and is converging with the use of internet technologies to deliver finance ('fintech') through such mechanisms as crowdfunding. However, there are downsides to the reliance of the Chinese economy on informal finance and significant risks arise from its convergence with fintech. The large shadow banking sector, by virtue of its positioning outside most of the regulations applying to mainstream banks, adds to systemic risks. The formal and informal sector coexist in an uneasy relationship: they may substitute for each other, or provide complementary modes of finance, but they can also operate to reinforce and magnify systemic risks, as in the case of the crisis in Wenzhou after 2011. Similarly, the rise of fintech is a double edged sword. On the one hand, cloud computing and big data may be facilitating new forms of social credit and collective investment schemes which have the potential to meet the needs of the growing social credit sector. Crowdfunding may provide a new and flexible form of financing for start-ups and innovative ventures. However, these new forms of finance also have the potential to undercut or render otiose regulations designed to maintain market transparency, and to intensify the risks facing investors. Against this background, the project explores the phenomenon of informal finance in China, identifies the risks and potential associated with it, and assesses how regulation can best respond to the risks while not sacrificing the innovations and flexibility associated with it, particularly in the context of 'fintech'.

This graph displays the number of employees in sharing economy companies in China from 2017 to 2020. In 2020, there were about **** million employees working in sharing economy companies in China.

In 2022, the pharmaceutical industry in China generated total revenue of around ************* yuan, representing a slight year-on-year growth of ***************percent. Pharmaceutical preparations manufacturing and Chinese patent drug manufacturing are the biggest pharmaceutical segments in the country, while the significant sales of COVID-19 vaccines and the high profitability of traditional Chinese medicine products also contributed to the sector's substantial growth in 2021.

In September 2025, the index for consumer confidence in China ranged at **** points, up from **** points in the previous month. The index dropped considerably in the first half of 2022 and performed a sideways movement during 2023 and 2024. Consumer confidence Index The consumer confidence index (CCI), also called Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS) is a commonly used indicator to measure the degree of economic optimism among consumers. Based on information about saving and spending activities of consumers, changes in business climate and future spending behavior are being projected. The CCI plays an important role for investors, retailers, and manufacturers in their decision-making processes. However, measurement of consumer confidence varies strongly from country to country. As consumers need time to react to economic changes, the CCI tends to lag behind other indicators like the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI). Development in China As shown by the graph at hand, confidence among Chinese consumers picked up since mid of 2016. In October 2017, the CCI hit a record value of 127.6 index points and entered into a sideward movement. Owing to a relative stability in GDP growth, a low unemployment rate, and a steady development of disposable household income, Chinese consumers gained more confidence in the state of the national economy. Those factors also contribute to the consumers’ spending power, which was reflected by a larger share of consumption in China’s GDP. After the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, consumer confidence dropped quickly in the beginning of 2020, but started to recover in the second half of the year, leading to a v-shaped movement of the index in 2020.

After five consecutive years of strong growth, the number of crowdfunding platforms in Chinese market dropped from *** to *** in 2017. The Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission defined equity crowdfunding as illegal practices in the end of 2016, which could be one of the reasons causing the significant closure of this kind of platforms.

China Unemployment Rate: % Change over Previous Period data was reported at -1.266 % in Dec 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.000 % for Sep 2017. China Unemployment Rate: % Change over Previous Period data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 % from Jun 2002 (Median) to Dec 2017, with 63 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.556 % in Jun 2002 and a record low of -4.762 % in Sep 2010. China Unemployment Rate: % Change over Previous Period data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.IMF.IFS: Labour Force, Employment and Unemployment: Quarterly.

GDP: Compensation of Labor: Xinjiang data was reported at 634.090 RMB bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 560.500 RMB bn for 2016. GDP: Compensation of Labor: Xinjiang data is updated yearly, averaging 117.605 RMB bn from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 634.090 RMB bn in 2017 and a record low of 24.730 RMB bn in 1992. GDP: Compensation of Labor: Xinjiang data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table CN.AA: Gross Domestic Product: Income: by Province.

China FAI: Year to Date: Central Area(8 Provinces: Shanxi, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan) data was reported at 18,761,052.880 RMB mn in Dec 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 16,908,464.850 RMB mn for Nov 2017. China FAI: Year to Date: Central Area(8 Provinces: Shanxi, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan) data is updated monthly, averaging 1,012,869.440 RMB mn from Mar 1999 (Median) to Dec 2017, with 226 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,761,052.880 RMB mn in Dec 2017 and a record low of 13,971.000 RMB mn in Feb 2000. China FAI: Year to Date: Central Area(8 Provinces: Shanxi, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.OD: Fixed Asset Investment.

China Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Western Hemisphere: Sint Maarten data was reported at 3.747 USD mn in Mar 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.772 USD mn for Dec 2017. China Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Western Hemisphere: Sint Maarten data is updated quarterly, averaging 1.835 USD mn from Mar 2017 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.772 USD mn in Dec 2017 and a record low of 1.447 USD mn in Jun 2017. China Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Western Hemisphere: Sint Maarten data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.IMF.DOT: Exports: fob: by Country: Quarterly.