According to preliminary figures, the growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) in China amounted to 5.0 percent in 2024. For 2025, the IMF expects a GDP growth rate of around 4.6 percent. Real GDP growth The current gross domestic product is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. It refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. When analyzing year-on-year changes, the current GDP is adjusted for inflation, thus making it constant. Real GDP growth is regarded as a key indicator for economic growth as it incorporates constant GDP figures. As of 2023, China was among the leading countries with the largest gross domestic product worldwide, second only to the United States which had a GDP volume of almost 27.5 trillion U.S. dollars. The Chinese GDP has shown remarkable growth over the past years. Upon closer examination of the distribution of GDP across economic sectors, a gradual shift from an economy heavily based on industrial production towards an economy focused on services becomes visible, with the service industry outpacing the manufacturing sector in terms of GDP contribution. Key indicator balance of trade Another important indicator for economic assessment is the balance of trade, which measures the relationship between imports and exports of a nation. As an economy heavily reliant on manufacturing and industrial production, China has reached a trade surplus over the last decade, with a total trade balance of around 823 billion U.S. dollars in 2023.

In 2023, the gross domestic product (GDP) of China amounted to around 17.8 trillion U.S. dollars. In comparison to the GDP of the other BRIC countries India, Russia and Brazil, China came first that year and second in the world GDP ranking. The stagnation of China's GDP in U.S. dollar terms in 2022 and 2023 was mainly due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. China's real GDP growth was three percent in 2022 and 5.2 percent in 2023. In 2023, per capita GDP in China reached around 12,600 U.S. dollars. Economic performance in China Gross domestic product (GDP) is a primary economic indicator. It measures the total value of all goods and services produced in an economy over a certain time period. China's economy used to grow quickly in the past, but the growth rate of China’s real GDP gradually slowed down in recent years, and year-on-year GDP growth is forecasted to range at only around four percent in the years after 2023. Since 2010, China has been the world’s second-largest economy, surpassing Japan.China’s emergence in the world’s economy has a lot to do with its status as the ‘world’s factory’. Since 2013, China is the largest export country in the world. Some argue that it is partly due to the undervalued Chinese currency. The Big Mac Index, a simplified and informal way to measure the purchasing power parity between different currencies, indicates that the Chinese currency yuan was roughly undervalued by 31 percent in 2023. GDP development Although the impressive economic development in China has led millions of people out of poverty, China is still not in the league of industrialized countries on the per capita basis. To name one example, the U.S. per capita economic output was more than six times as large as in China in 2023. Meanwhile, the Chinese society faces increased income disparities. The Gini coefficient of China, a widely used indicator of economic inequality, has been larger than 0.45 over the last decade, whereas 0.40 is the warning level for social unrest.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China was worth 17794.78 billion US dollars in 2023, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of China represents 16.88 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides - China GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy data was reported at 68.000 Score in Jan 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 66.000 Score for Dec 2022. China Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy data is updated monthly, averaging 43.300 Score from Mar 2010 (Median) to Jan 2023, with 155 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 74.200 Score in Jan 2021 and a record low of 20.700 Score in Oct 2012. China Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ipsos Group S.A.. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.IPSOS: Consumer Confidence Survey.

The graph shows per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in China until 2023, with forecasts until 2029. In 2023, per capita GDP reached around 12,600 U.S. dollars in China. That year, the overall GDP of China had amounted to 17.8 trillion U.S. dollars. Per capita GDP in China Gross domestic product is a commonly-used economic indicator for measuring the state of a country's economy. GDP is the total market value of goods and services produced in a country within a given period of time, usually a year. Per capita GDP is defined as the GDP divided by the total number of people in the country. This indicator is generally used to compare the economic prosperity of countries with varying population sizes.In 2010, China overtook Japan and became the world’s second-largest economy. As of 2023, it was the largest exporter and the second largest importer in the world. However, one reason behind its economic strength lies within its population size. China has to distribute its wealth among 1.4 billion people. By 2023, China's per capita GDP was only about one fourth as large as that of main industrialized countries. When compared to other emerging markets, China ranked second among BRIC countries in terms of GDP per capita. Future development According to projections by the IMF, per capita GDP in China will escalate from around 12,600 U.S. dollars in 2022 to 17,700 U.S. dollars in 2029. Major reasons for this are comparatively high economic growth rates combined with negative population growth. China's economic structure is also undergoing changes. A major trend lies in the shift from an industry-based to a service-based economy.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China expanded 1.60 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides - China GDP Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in China ranged at 5.4 percent compared to the same quarter of the previous year. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. GDP growth in China In 2024, China ranged second among countries with the largest gross domestic product worldwide. Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, the country has experienced rapid social and economic development. In 2013, it became the world’s largest trading nation, overtaking the United States. However, per capita GDP in China was still much lower than that of industrialized countries. Until 2011, the annual growth rate of China’s GDP had constantly been above nine percent. However, economic growth has cooled down since and is projected to further slow down gradually in the future. Rising domestic wages and the competitive edge of other Asian and African countries are seen as main reasons for the stuttering in China’s economic engine. One strategy of the Chinese government to overcome this transition is a gradual shift of economic focus from industrial production to services. Challenges to GDP growth Another major challenge lies in the massive environmental pollution that China’s reckless economic growth has caused over the past decades. China’s development has been powered mostly by coal consumption, which resulted in high air pollution. To counteract industrial pollution, further investments in waste management and clean technologies are necessary. In 2017, about 1.15 percent of GDP was spent on pollution control. Surging environmental costs aside, environmental issues could also be a key to industrial transition as China placed major investments in renewable energy and clean tech projects. The consumption of green energy skyrocketed from 0.52 exajoules in 2005 to 13.3 million in 2022.

Regional gross domestic product (GDP) in China varies tremendously across the country. In 2024, the GDP of Guangdong province amounted to around 14.2 trillion yuan, whereas that of Tibet only reached about 276.5 billion yuan. While Guangdong has a thriving economy and is densely populated, Tibet is located in a remote mountain area and has a population of only around 3.5 million people. Regional economic differences in China China can generally be divided into four different economic macro-regions: the economically well-developed coastal parts in Eastern China, the less-developed Central and Northeastern China, and the developing region of Western China. This division is reflected in the figures for regional per capita GDP. The coastal parts of China are not only economically more advanced, but also have a considerably higher population density. This is the result of climatic conditions on the one hand and China's firm integration into the global economy on the other. International companies were initially attracted by special economic zones set up in coastal areas during China's market opening, and well-connected, highly developed urban areas of Eastern China are still favored by international businesses. Prospects for future development The Chinese government has long since been aware of the economic disparities in the country and the political unrest they might stir. Major efforts have been made to improve the conditions in less developed regions. The situation in Central and Western China has improved considerably in the last two decades, and rural poverty decreased on a striking scale. In recent years, growth rates in the west of China have even been higher than in coastal areas. However, the constraints of the global economy remain, and it is very likely that Eastern China will stay ahead in international markets in the foreseeable future.

China Open Position: Shanghai Future Exchange: Silver data was reported at 741.070 Unit th in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 589.103 Unit th for Jan 2025. China Open Position: Shanghai Future Exchange: Silver data is updated monthly, averaging 671.481 Unit th from May 2012 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 154 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,733.670 Unit th in Aug 2019 and a record low of 90.054 Unit th in Jul 2012. China Open Position: Shanghai Future Exchange: Silver data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Futures Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZB: Shanghai Futures Exchange: Commodity Futures: Open Position.

China Turnover: Volume: Shanghai Future Exchange: Total data was reported at 138,704.775 Unit th in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 139,805.991 Unit th for Jan 2025. China Turnover: Volume: Shanghai Future Exchange: Total data is updated monthly, averaging 90,801.444 Unit th from Jul 1999 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 308 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 489,887.016 Unit th in Mar 2016 and a record low of 347.596 Unit th in Feb 2000. China Turnover: Volume: Shanghai Future Exchange: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Futures Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZB: Shanghai Futures Exchange: Commodity Futures: Turnover. Data statistics from double-counted basis to single-counted basis since 1Jan2020

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in China was last recorded at 12175.20 US dollars in 2023. The GDP per Capita in China is equivalent to 96 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides - China GDP per capita - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China Turnover: Value: Shanghai Future Exchange: Gold data was reported at 5,204,876.290 RMB mn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,806,449.757 RMB mn for Jan 2025. China Turnover: Value: Shanghai Future Exchange: Gold data is updated monthly, averaging 952,224.221 RMB mn from Jan 2008 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 206 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,017,450.777 RMB mn in Aug 2019 and a record low of 53,351.531 RMB mn in Feb 2011. China Turnover: Value: Shanghai Future Exchange: Gold data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Futures Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZB: Shanghai Futures Exchange: Commodity Futures: Turnover.

According to preliminary data, the agricultural sector contributed around 6.8 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP) of China in 2024, whereas 36.5 percent of the economic value added originated from the industrial sector and 54.6 percent from the service sector, respectively. The total GDP of China at current prices amounted to approximately 134.91 trillion yuan in 2024. Economic development in China The gross domestic product (GDP) serves as a primary indicator to measure the economic performance of a country or a region. It is generally defined as the monetary value of all finished goods and services produced within a country in a specific period of time. It includes all of private and public spending, government spending, investments, and net exports which are calculated as total exports minus imports. In other words, GDP represents the size of the economy.With its national economy growing at an exceptional annual growth rate of above nine percent for three decades in succession, China had become the worlds’ second largest economy by 2010, surpassing all other economies but the United States. Even though China's GDP growth has cooled down in recent years, its economy still expanded at roughly two times the pace of the United States in 2024. Breakdown of GDP in China When compared to other developed countries, the proportions of agriculture and industry in China's GDP are significantly higher. Even though agriculture is a major industry in the United States, it only accounted for about one percent of the economy in 2023. While the service sector contributed to more than 70 percent of the economy in most developed countries, it's share was considerably lower in China. This was not only due to China's lower development level, but also to the country’s focus on manufacturing and export. However, as the future limitations of this growth model become more and more apparent, China is trying to shift it's economic focus to the high-tech and service sectors. Accordingly, growth rates of the service sector have been considerably higher than in industry and agriculture in the years before the spread of the coronavirus pandemic.

China Turnover: Value: Shanghai Future Exchange: Zinc data was reported at 465,886.904 RMB mn in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 602,997.423 RMB mn for Jan 2025. China Turnover: Value: Shanghai Future Exchange: Zinc data is updated monthly, averaging 617,588.818 RMB mn from Mar 2007 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 216 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,452,835.887 RMB mn in Jul 2010 and a record low of 10,449.714 RMB mn in Mar 2007. China Turnover: Value: Shanghai Future Exchange: Zinc data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Futures Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZB: Shanghai Futures Exchange: Commodity Futures: Turnover.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts presented in Lessons from China's fiscal policy during the COVID-19 pandemic, PIIE Working Paper 24-7.

If you use the data, please cite as: Huang, Tianlei. 2024. Lessons from China's fiscal policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. PIIE Working Paper 24-7. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

According to a median projection in January 2025, China's GDP was expected to grow by 4.9 percent in 2024, largely meeting the annual growth target of five percent set by the Chinese government. In the first quarter of 2020, the second-largest economy recorded the first contraction in decades due to the epidemic.  A root-to-branch shutdown of factories To curb the spread of the virus, the Chinese government imposed a lockdown in Wuhan, the epicenter, and other cities in Hubei province on January 23, 2020. A strict nationwide lockdown soon followed. Many factories remained closed in February, resulting in a plunge in manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI). The shutdown of the “world’s factory” had severely disrupted global supply chains, especially automobile production. In March 2020, very few industrial sectors reported positive production growth.  The pharmaceuticals sector recorded a production increase, which was mainly driven by the global demand for vital medical supplies. China had exported over seven billion yuan worth of face masks. Ripple effects on global tourism Apart from the manufacturing industry, the prolonged closures of business had caused significant losses in various sectors in China. The travel and tourism sector was massively affected by a drastic decline in flight ticket sales  and hotel occupancy rates. The domestic tourism market expects a loss of 20 percent in revenues for 2020. Industry experts predicted that the global travel and tourism industry could lose about 2.5 trillion U.S. dollars in that year. 

Graph and download economic data for Business Tendency Surveys for Manufacturing: Production: Future Tendency: European Commission and National Indicators for China (DISCONTINUED) (BSPRFT02CNQ460N) from Q1 2000 to Q4 2011 about business sentiment, China, business, production, and manufacturing.

China Settlement Price: Shanghai Future Exchange: Rubber: 4th Month data was reported at 17,320.000 RMB/Ton in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17,810.000 RMB/Ton for Dec 2024. China Settlement Price: Shanghai Future Exchange: Rubber: 4th Month data is updated monthly, averaging 13,840.000 RMB/Ton from Aug 1999 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 303 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41,255.000 RMB/Ton in Jan 2011 and a record low of 6,730.000 RMB/Ton in Dec 2001. China Settlement Price: Shanghai Future Exchange: Rubber: 4th Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Futures Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZB: Shanghai Futures Exchange: Commodity Futures: Settlement Price.

The USDCNY increased 0.0137 or 0.19% to 7.2796 on Wednesday March 26 from 7.2658 in the previous trading session. Chinese Yuan - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

Chinese business leaders, meeting with President Xi Jinping, express optimism about the technological future, emphasizing advancements in self-reliance and innovation.