The China GSS is an annual or biannual questionnaire survey of China's urban and rural households aiming to monitor systematically the changing relationship between social structure and quality of life in urban and rural China. The objectives of the China GSS are: (1) to gather longitudinal data on social trends; (2) to address issues of theoretical and practical significance; and (3) to serve as a global resource for the international scholarly community. Includes: labour force activity, demographic variables, household size and composition, ethnicity of R and parents, mobility, dwelling, income, expenditures and facilities, education, military service, etc. 1 data file (1,000 logical records) & accompanying documentation (5 pdf files) in both English and Chinese characters.

This study aims to examine the impact of political trust on non-institutionalized public participation in China. Using comprehensive survey data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this study presents two key research findings. First, this study finds a non-linear relationship between political trust and attitude towards non-institutionalized public participation. Generally, political trust has a negative effect on attitude towards non-institutionalized public participation. However, political trust exerts a positive impact on attitude towards non-institutionalized public participation under notably high political trust circumstances. Second, this study identifies the moderating role of social injustice experience in the relationship between political trust and the attitude towards non-institutionalized public participation. When high expectations associated with high trust are broken by a social injustice experience, this high political trust circumstance is more likely to result in dissatisfaction and positive attitude towards non-institutionalized public participation. This study contributes to deepening the understanding of the pattern of how political trust influences non-institutionalized public participation attitude in China. Valuable implications are also presented.

The East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is a biennial social survey project that serves as a cross-national network of the following four General Social Survey type surveys in East Asia: the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), the Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), the Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and comparatively examines diverse aspects of social life in these regions. Since its 1st module survey in 2006, EASS produces and disseminates its module survey datasets and this is the harmonized data for the 7th module survey, called 'Culture and Globalization in East Asia'. Survey information in this module is the same topic as the second module of the EASS 2008, and it focuses on cultural norms and expectations of respondents. Respondents were asked about their exposure to East Asian cultural activities and rituals as well as opinion on family responsibilities and roles. Other topics include sources of international news and discussion frequency, countries or regions traveled, as well as where acquaintances live. Additionally, respondents were asked how accepting they would be of people from other countries as coworkers, neighbors, and in marriage. Information was collected regarding foreign practices, whether the respondent was working for a foreign capital company, and the economic environment. Respondents were also asked to assess their own proficiency when reading, speaking, and writing in English. Demographic information specific to the respondent and their spouse includes age, sex, marital status, education, employment status and hours worked, occupation, earnings and income, religion, class, size of community, and region.

This data is an empirical analysis based on the 2021 China General Social Survey, studying the impact of national language proficiency on the perception of climate change hazards.

The Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) is the Korean version of the General Social Survey (GSS) , closely replicating the original GSS of the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. The KGSS comprises four parts: The first part includes replicating core questions that cover the core content of Korean society. The second part is the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) module, which is a cross-national survey of 43 countries from all over the world. The third part is the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) module. The EASS is a joint survey of four East Asian countries (Korea, Japan, China and Taiwan) conducting a GSS-type social survey. The last part contains modules proposed by researchers. This data collection is the cumulative version of the previous 18 years of survey data from 2003 to 2021 (not including 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2020). This dataset contains a total of 20,841 cases across 3,215 variables. Respondents were asked for their opinions about Korean society, economic conditions, government performance, politics and political conditions. Additional questions were asked regarding the health care system, respondents' health behaviors, human rights, attitudes toward aging and the elderly, household composition, household income, education, occupation, environmental issues, international migration and so on. Demographic information collected includes age, sex, education level, household income, employment status, religious preference, political party affiliation, and political philosophy.

The Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) launched in 2003, is the earliest national representative continuous survey project run by academic institution in China mainland. CGSS is aimed to systematically monitor the changing relationship between social structure and quality of life in both urban and rural China. Social structure refers to dimensions of social group and organization as well as networks of social relationships. Quality of life is the objective and subjective aspects of the people well-being both at the individual and aggregate levels.

The Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) is the Korean version of the General Social Survey (GSS), closely replicating the original GSS conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. The KGSS comprises five parts: The first part includes core questions covering key aspects of Korean society. The second part is the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) module, a cross-national survey conducted in 45 countries. The third part is the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) module, a joint GSS-type survey of Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. The fourth part, newly added, is the European Social Survey (ESS). In 2023, the ESS focused on the "Personal and Social Well-being" module, covering topics like volunteer participation, optimism, emotional experiences, and social relationships. The last part contains modules proposed by researchers. This data collection is the cumulative version of the previous 20 years of survey data from 2003 to 2023. The survey was conducted annually from 2003 to 2014 and biennially from 2016 onward. Due to COVID-19, the 2020 survey was skipped and conducted in 2021 instead (excluding 2015, 2017, 2020, and 2022). Respondents were asked for their opinions about Korean society, economic conditions, government performance, politics and political conditions. Additional questions include the healthcare system, health behaviors, human rights, attitudes toward aging and the elderly, household composition, income, education, occupation, environmental issues, international migration and so on. Demographic data collected includes age, sex, education level, household income, employment status, religious preference, political party affiliation, and political philosophy.

The empirical datasets in this paper were obtained from two databases, Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and the China premium database of CEIC. The datasets of CGSS are initiated by the National Survey Research Center of Renmin University of China, and has been implemented every one to two years since 2003, with the most recent year being 2015. The empirical study in this paper will select survey data for three years, 2012, 2013, and 2015, which capture the period of rapid house price increase in China. Meanwhile, the datasets of CGSS are high-quality cross-sectional data, which not only contain rich information on demographics, income (individual and household), housing and marriage perceptions, but also cover rich information on individual health status, such as self-rated physical health, height and weight (used to calculate BMI), which is also of interest in our paper. In addition, it includes subjective social status, mental health status, and health-related behaviors for the mechanistic analysis in this paper.

The Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) is the Korean version of the General Social Survey (GSS), closely replicating the original GSS of the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. The KGSS comprises four parts: The first part includes replicating core questions that cover the core content of Korean society.The second part is the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) module, which is a cross-national survey of 43 countries from all over the world.The third part is the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) module. The EASS is a joint survey of four East Asian countries (Korea, Japan, China and Taiwan) conducting a GSS-type social survey.The last part contains modules proposed by researchers. This data collection is the cumulative version of the previous 15 years of survey data from 2003 to 2018 (not including 2015 and 2017). This dataset contains a total of 19,636 cases across 3,044 variables. Respondents were asked for their opinions about Korean society, economic conditions, government performance, politics and political conditions. Additional questions were asked regarding the health care system, respondents' health behaviors, human rights, attitudes toward aging and the elderly, household composition, household income, education, occupation, environmental issues, international migration and so on. Demographic information collected includes age, sex, education level, household income, employment status, religious preference, political party affiliation, and political philosophy.

Disclaimer: This data is only for academic research and is not intended for commercial or other purposes. If you want to cite this data, please first apply to the author for approval.The data for this study comes from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), a national and comprehensive social survey project in China. This dataset covers multiple fields in China, including economy, politics, and society. On March 31, 2023, the data of the CGSS2021 annual survey was officially released to the whole society, which is the latest public data so far. Therefore, the research data for this article were selected from CGSS2021.

This paper uses the 2005 and 2006 China General Social Survey (CGSS) to study the relationship between social capital and self-reported health in China. It is the most comprehensive analysis of this subject to date, both in the sizes of the samples it analyses, in the number of social capital variables it investigates, and in its treatment of endogeneity. The authors identify social trust, social relationships, and social networks as important determinants of self-reported health. The magnitude of the estimated effects are economically important, in some cases being of the same size or larger than the effects associated with age and income. Their findings suggest that there is scope for social capital to be a significant policy tool for improving health outcomes in China.

ObjectiveEngaging in exercise not only encompasses its intrinsic attributes but also signifies its social dimensions. It reflects an underlying emotional tone and cumulative value attributed to exercise by individuals, forming a broad, macro-level socio-psychological relationship in alignment with the conceptual definition of societal mentality. The social mentality is an indicator of a nation’s governance capacity and mirrors the overall socio-psychological profile and needs of its citizens. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the influence of exercise, specifically through the lens of sports, on the sociall mentality of the Chinese population, encompassing aspects of social trust and social equity. Additionally, we explore the distinct mechanisms underlying differences in social class, generation disparities, and spatial dimensions. This inquiry aims to contribute to enhancing governance capabilities and societal stability.MethodData for this study was sourced from the 2023 China General Social Survey. We selected 20 variables and analyzed a sample of 6,746 individuals. We employed Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple linear regression models to construct our analysis.ResultsThe findings indicate that exercise has a positive influence on the social mentality of the Chinese population. A higher frequency of participation in sports correlates with a more advanced level of social mentality development. Notably, significant disparities exist between the macro-level and micro-level impacts of exercise, suggesting ample room for improvement. Social class, generational disparities, and spatial dimensions demonstrate substantial impact, each exhibiting unique characteristics depending on the specific research question. Furthermore, the weightings of social trust orientation and social equity orientation within the societal mentality dimensions exhibit variability and fluctuations.ConclusionWhen exploring the topic of social mentality, it is recommended to separately discuss the various dimensions it encompasses, thus providing a comprehensive, detailed, and precise portrayal of specific issues. To bolster the influence of exercise on the social mentality, as well as to enhance governance capabilities and societal stability, the following recommendations are proposed: (1) In-depth exploration of differences within social strata to optimize the mechanisms through which exercise influences the social mentality; (2) Balancing generational disparities to establish a solid foundation for the influence of exercise on the social mentality; (3) Recognizing spatial dimensions to harness the spatial dynamism of exercise in shaping the social mentality.

The Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) is the Korean version of the General Social Survey (GSS), closely replicating the original GSS of the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. Each round of KGSS typically includes the topical module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), and/or the East Asian Social Survey (EASS), an international survey network of four GSS-type surveys in East Asia, (including China, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea). Respondents were asked for their opinions on Korean society, politics and reunification, economic issues, social equity and inequality, and suicide. Additional questions were asked about the everyday life, household, family, education, occupation, and mental health of the respondents. Demographic information includes age, sex, education level, household income, employment status, religious preference, political party affiliation, and political philosophy.

In the context of accelerated new urbanization, it is particularly important to re-examine equity. Based on functional theory and social cognitive theory, this paper uses the 2015 China General Social Survey (CGSS) data to analyze the impact of social security participation on the mobile population’s perception of socio-economic equity using the propensity score matching method, and further explores its impact mechanism. The study found that social security participation can effectively improve the mobile population’s perception of socio-economic equity by about 14%. Among them, the increase in the perception of socio-economic equity was greater for the rural-urban mobile population, at about 22%; however, the test results for the urban-urban mobile population failed to be significant. At the same time, institutional evaluation plays a mediating role in the impact of social security participation on the socio-economic equity perceptions of the mobile population. In general and the rural-urban mobile population. In this regard, the government needs to pay due attention to the function of social security in promoting social equity, improve the mobile population’s sense of socio-economic equity and reasonably guide the movement of the population between rural-urban and urban-urban areas.

East Asian Social Survey（EASS）は、東アジアの4チームの総合的社会調査（中国：CGSS、日本：JGSS、韓国：KGSS、台湾：TSCS）に共通の設問（モジュール）を設定し、東アジア社会に特有の問題や関心に基づいて国際比較分析を行おうとするプロジェクトであり、2年に1度、各調査にモジュールを組み込んでいる。第1回目の調査が行われた2006年以来、EASSはモジュールを組み込んだ調査を継続的に実施し、データを公開してきた。このファイルには、「東アジアの文化とグローバリゼーション」をテーマに実施されたEASS 2008とEASS 2018が統合されている。 / The East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is a biennial social survey project that serves as a cross-national network of the following four General Social Survey type surveys in East Asia: the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), the Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), the Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and comparatively examines diverse aspects of social life in these regions. This integrated file includes EASS 2008 and EASS 2018 under the theme of "Culture and Globalization in East Asia". / EASS 2008: 日本：20～89歳の男女、 韓国：18歳以上の男女、 台湾：18歳以上の男女、 中国：18歳以上の男女 EASS 2018: 日本：JGSS-2017G：20～89歳の男女、 JGSS-2018G：20～89歳の男女、 韓国：18歳以上の男女、 台湾：18歳以上の男女、 中国：18歳以上の男女 / EASS 2008: Japan: Men and women 20-89 years of age, Korea: Men and women aged 18 or older, Taiwan: Men and women aged 18 or older, China: Men and women aged 18 or older, EASS 2018: Japan: JGSS-2017G: Men and women 20-89 years of age, JGSS-2018G: Men and women 20-89 years of age, Korea: Men and women aged 18 or older, Taiwan: Men and women aged 18 or older, China: Men and women aged 18 or older / EASS 2008: 日本：60.6%, 韓国：61.0%, 台湾：44.9%, 中国：47.8% EASS 2018: 日本：JGSS-2017G：64.0%, JGSS-2018G：62.7%, 韓国：43.0%, 台湾：47.9%, 中国：76.0% / EASS 2008: Japan: 60.6%, Korea: 61.0%, Taiwan: 44.9%, China: 47.8% EASS 2018: Japan: JGSS-2017G: 64.0%, JGSS-2018G: 62.7%, Korea: 43.0%, Taiwan: 47.9%, China: 76.0% / 個人 / Individual / 量的調査: ミクロデータ / quantitative research: micro data / 確率: 多段抽出 / Probability: Multistage / 個別面接法 / 自記式調査票：紙 / Face-to-face interview / Self-administered questionnaire: Paper / Keywords: 文化的活動と参加, 宗教と価値観, ジェンダーと性別役割, メディア、コミュニケーション、言語, 社会行動と社会的態度, 国際政治と国際機構, 文化的アイデンティティーとナショナルアイデンティティー, 職業教育と職業訓練, 家族生活と結婚, 義務教育と就学前教育, 高等教育, 健康一般とウェルビーイング, 雇用, 労働条件, 所得、財産、投資・貯蓄, 社会階層と社会集団, Cultural activities and participation, Religion and values, Gender and gender roles, MEDIA, COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE, Social behaviour and attitudes, International politics and organisations, Cultural activities and participation, Vocational education and training, Family life and marriage, Compulsory and pre-school education, Higher and further education, General health and well-being, Employment, Working conditions, Income, property and investment/saving, SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND GROUPINGS【リソース】Fulltext

*********************** and ******************** are the top two answers among Chinese consumers in our survey on the subject of "Most common social media activities".The survey was conducted online among 25,763 respondents in China, in 2025.

1. The data is based on the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) database, and relevant issues such as personal physical and mental health, as well as family and regional economic development levels were selected for data screening. It should be noted that the China General Social Survey Database (CGSS) is the first nationwide, comprehensive, and continuous large-scale social survey project in China. Its data has been desensitized and ethically reviewed, in compliance with the requirements of the Personal Information Protection Law. 2. Some regional data come from the government's public websites, including the statistical report on China's Internet development and the data collation of the national statistical yearbook. The three key indicators, namely, regional economic level, Internet penetration rate and aging level, are quantified according to the provinces to which the samples belong. At the same time, spatial fuzzification is carried out to aggregate provincial data into regional averages. 3. Select individuals as research subjects, and the data has been anonymized for all personal information. 4. Exclude samples with missing key variables and retain a total of 1099 pieces of data information. 5. Variable description Column 1- Province where the sample is located; Column 2-y_tz Commercial Pension Insurance Investment Decision (CGSS Questionnaire A41); Column 3-intel_1 scenario interaction level (Internet use frequency; questionnaire A28); Column 4- Sex Gender (Questionnaire A2); List 5-edu education level (questionnaire A7, fuzzy classification according to junior high school, high school, undergraduate and above); List 6- Work status (questionnaire A59a); List 7-hukou household registration (urban distribution status; questionnaire A18); Column 8-happy subjective well-being (questionnaire A36); List 9-jyb Basic Pension Insurance (Questionnaire A61; Pay attention to whether you are insured); List 10 age age (questionnaire A3; add random error ± 2 years); List 11 ethnic groups (questionnaire A4; divided into two categories: Han and minority); Column 12-jw_0 endogenous interaction (social activity frequency; questionnaire A31b); 13 Mary's marital status (questionnaire A69; divided into married and unmarried categories); Column 14- Trust Social Trust (Questionnaire A33); Column 15- ln_GDP regional economic level (logarithmized regional GDP in yuan units); Column 16-ln_pjl Internet penetration rate (log the regional Internet penetration rate); List 17- Physical Health Level (Questionnaire A16; only for self-assessment of health index 1-5 points); List 18 mental health level (questionnaire A17; only for self-assessment of health index 1-5 points); List the aging level of the region (the proportion of elderly people aged 60 and above in each province in the current year); List 20 YLGN elderly care concepts (questionnaire A41); Column 21- Household Economic Status (Perception of Household Economy at Regional Level: Divided into Above Average, Equal to Average, and Below Average; Questionnaire A64)

This study identifies the health effect of rising housing prices on individual physical health using the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data. Exploiting exogenous housing prices, I find that rising housing prices adversely affect physical health status. Heterogeneity analyses yield interesting findings. First, the adverse effects of high housing prices are pronounced in the group owning only one house. Second, significant effects of housing prices on health for the group aged 20 to 45 are observed, with no effects for the elderly group above 45. Third, males are more sensitive to high housing prices due to the intensified competition and traditional gender norm in marriage markets. I also further investigate the channel through which housing prices affect individual physical health. The findings indicate that rising housing prices can damage individual physical health via lowering social status, reducing physical exercise time and increasing mental health risk.

We study the effect of climate change related extreme weather events on public concern, knowledge, and attention to climate change in China. First, we match the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) extreme weather events data with the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). We test whether people living in prefectures with more extreme weather events consider climate change more damaging and have a better knowledge of climate change. We find no such associations. Moreover, we collect 2020 data on extreme weather events from local newspapers for five Eastern and Southeastern Chinese provinces. We test whether such local extreme weather events increase public attention to climate change as reflected in climate change related Baidu search volume index (SVI). We find no associations, either. Interestingly, we find that in prefecture-days for which a higher number of Covid cases was reported, local population conducted more Baidu searches regarding climate change and the environment, which seems to support the “great reflection” thesis, that is, major exogenous shocks such as the pandemic put a spotlight on fundamental challenges facing the humanity and have gotten us to reassess our priorities.

This data is derived from the 2015 (CGSS) survey data of the Chinese General Social Survey