According to a survey conducted in China in 2023, emotional problems remained to be the major health concern of Chinese citizens, with around ** percent of respondents stating they had experienced it in the past one year. Besides that, skin-related issues and sleep problem also troubled more than ** percent of respondents.

A survey conducted in 2023 showed that almost **** of the predominantly young respondents experienced emotional issues such as anxiety and depression in the past year. Unsatisfactory skin conditions, undesirable body shapes, and poor sleep quality were also prominent health issues. ************ respondents also reported fears of cancer, while heart problems or gout were less common.

According to a survey on health and sports habits conducted in December 2020, about ** percent of the Chinese respondents were concerned of their mental health after the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which was about ** percent point higher than the pre-pandemic survey results. Sleep, diet, body shape and weight were other major health issues concerned among the respondents.

We asked Chinese consumers about "Prevalence of health conditions" and found that *************************************************************** takes the top spot, while ************************************************* is at the other end of the ranking.These results are based on a representative online survey conducted in 2025 among 5,451 consumers in China.

This is archived and no longer an ongoing PDPH program. Data available as a point in time snapshot in 2015. Healthy Chinese Takeout participants as of 2/5/15.The Philadelphia Healthy Chinese Take-out Initiative worked to prevent and control high blood pressure in Philadelphia residents by 1) reducing the sodium content in Chinese take-out dishes by 10-15% and 2) decreasing access to tobacco products. The initiative is a joint effort among Temple University’s Center for Asian Health, the Asian Community Health Coalition, the Philadelphia Chinese Restaurant Association, and the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Excess consumption of sodium (salt) and tobacco use are two major contributors to hypertension, heart disease and stroke. Chinese take-out restaurant dishes can have large amounts of sodium mainly due to the sauces used in preparation and cooking. And Chinese take-out restaurants tend to have higher rates of illegal tobacco sales to minors than other retailers. To date, 200 Chinese take-out restaurants have enrolled in the initiative, participated in a low-sodium healthy cooking training with a professional chef, and received education about complying with the Tobacco Youth Sales Law.

Abstract

Different countries have different health outcomes that are in part due to the way respective health systems perform. Regardless of the type of health system, individuals will have health and non-health expectations in terms of how the institution responds to their needs. In many countries, however, health systems do not perform effectively and this is in part due to lack of information on health system performance, and on the different service providers.

The aim of the WHO World Health Survey is to provide empirical data to the national health information systems so that there is a better monitoring of health of the people, responsiveness of health systems and measurement of health-related parameters.

The overall aims of the survey is to examine the way populations report their health, understand how people value health states, measure the performance of health systems in relation to responsiveness and gather information on modes and extents of payment for health encounters through a nationally representative population based community survey. In addition, it addresses various areas such as health care expenditures, adult mortality, birth history, various risk factors, assessment of main chronic health conditions and the coverage of health interventions, in specific additional modules.

The objectives of the survey programme are to: 1. develop a means of providing valid, reliable and comparable information, at low cost, to supplement the information provided by routine health information systems. 2. build the evidence base necessary for policy-makers to monitor if health systems are achieving the desired goals, and to assess if additional investment in health is achieving the desired outcomes. 3. provide policy-makers with the evidence they need to adjust their policies, strategies and programmes as necessary.

Geographic coverage

The survey sampling frame must cover 100% of the country's eligible population, meaning that the entire national territory must be included. This does not mean that every province or territory need be represented in the survey sample but, rather, that all must have a chance (known probability) of being included in the survey sample.

There may be exceptional circumstances that preclude 100% national coverage. Certain areas in certain countries may be impossible to include due to reasons such as accessibility or conflict. All such exceptions must be discussed with WHO sampling experts. If any region must be excluded, it must constitute a coherent area, such as a particular province or region. For example if ¾ of region D in country X is not accessible due to war, the entire region D will be excluded from analysis.

Analysis unit

Households and individuals

Universe

The WHS will include all male and female adults (18 years of age and older) who are not out of the country during the survey period. It should be noted that this includes the population who may be institutionalized for health reasons at the time of the survey: all persons who would have fit the definition of household member at the time of their institutionalisation are included in the eligible population.

If the randomly selected individual is institutionalized short-term (e.g. a 3-day stay at a hospital) the interviewer must return to the household when the individual will have come back to interview him/her. If the randomly selected individual is institutionalized long term (e.g. has been in a nursing home the last 8 years), the interviewer must travel to that institution to interview him/her.

The target population includes any adult, male or female age 18 or over living in private households. Populations in group quarters, on military reservations, or in other non-household living arrangements will not be eligible for the study. People who are in an institution due to a health condition (such as a hospital, hospice, nursing home, home for the aged, etc.) at the time of the visit to the household are interviewed either in the institution or upon their return to their household if this is within a period of two weeks from the first visit to the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING GUIDELINES FOR WHS

Surveys in the WHS program must employ a probability sampling design. This means that every single individual in the sampling frame has a known and non-zero chance of being selected into the survey sample. While a Single Stage Random Sample is ideal if feasible, it is recognized that most sites will carry out Multi-stage Cluster Sampling.

The WHS sampling frame should cover 100% of the eligible population in the surveyed country. This means that every eligible person in the country has a chance of being included in the survey sample. It also means that particular ethnic groups or geographical areas may not be excluded from the sampling frame.

The sample size of the WHS in each country is 5000 persons (exceptions considered on a by-country basis). An adequate number of persons must be drawn from the sampling frame to account for an estimated amount of non-response (refusal to participate, empty houses etc.). The highest estimate of potential non-response and empty households should be used to ensure that the desired sample size is reached at the end of the survey period. This is very important because if, at the end of data collection, the required sample size of 5000 has not been reached additional persons must be selected randomly into the survey sample from the sampling frame. This is both costly and technically complicated (if this situation is to occur, consult WHO sampling experts for assistance), and best avoided by proper planning before data collection begins.

All steps of sampling, including justification for stratification, cluster sizes, probabilities of selection, weights at each stage of selection, and the computer program used for randomization must be communicated to WHO

STRATIFICATION

Stratification is the process by which the population is divided into subgroups. Sampling will then be conducted separately in each subgroup. Strata or subgroups are chosen because evidence is available that they are related to the outcome (e.g. health, responsiveness, mortality, coverage etc.). The strata chosen will vary by country and reflect local conditions. Some examples of factors that can be stratified on are geography (e.g. North, Central, South), level of urbanization (e.g. urban, rural), socio-economic zones, provinces (especially if health administration is primarily under the jurisdiction of provincial authorities), or presence of health facility in area. Strata to be used must be identified by each country and the reasons for selection explicitly justified.

Stratification is strongly recommended at the first stage of sampling. Once the strata have been chosen and justified, all stages of selection will be conducted separately in each stratum. We recommend stratifying on 3-5 factors. It is optimum to have half as many strata (note the difference between stratifying variables, which may be such variables as gender, socio-economic status, province/region etc. and strata, which are the combination of variable categories, for example Male, High socio-economic status, Xingtao Province would be a stratum).

Strata should be as homogenous as possible within and as heterogeneous as possible between. This means that strata should be formulated in such a way that individuals belonging to a stratum should be as similar to each other with respect to key variables as possible and as different as possible from individuals belonging to a different stratum. This maximises the efficiency of stratification in reducing sampling variance.

MULTI-STAGE CLUSTER SELECTION

A cluster is a naturally occurring unit or grouping within the population (e.g. enumeration areas, cities, universities, provinces, hospitals etc.); it is a unit for which the administrative level has clear, nonoverlapping boundaries. Cluster sampling is useful because it avoids having to compile exhaustive lists of every single person in the population. Clusters should be as heterogeneous as possible within and as homogenous as possible between (note that this is the opposite criterion as that for strata). Clusters should be as small as possible (i.e. large administrative units such as Provinces or States are not good clusters) but not so small as to be homogenous.

In cluster sampling, a number of clusters are randomly selected from a list of clusters. Then, either all members of the chosen cluster or a random selection from among them are included in the sample. Multistage sampling is an extension of cluster sampling where a hierarchy of clusters are chosen going from larger to smaller.

In order to carry out multi-stage sampling, one needs to know only the population sizes of the sampling units. For the smallest sampling unit above the elementary unit however, a complete list of all elementary units (households) is needed; in order to be able to randomly select among all households in the TSU, a list of all those households is required. This information may be available from the most recent population census. If the last census was >3 years ago or the information furnished by it was of poor quality or unreliable, the survey staff will have the task of enumerating all households in the smallest randomly selected sampling unit. It is very important to budget for this step if it is necessary and ensure that all households are properly enumerated in order that a representative sample is obtained.

It is always best to have as many clusters in the PSU as possible. The reason for this is that the fewer the number of respondents in each PSU, the lower will be the clustering effect which

The project has been collecting detailed panel data about the health, disability, demographic, family, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk-factors for mortality and healthy longevity of the oldest old, with a comparative sub-sample of younger elders, to examine the factors in healthy longevity. The baseline survey was conducted in 1998 and the follow-up surveys with replacement to compensate for deceased elders were conducted in 2000, 2002, 2005, and 2008, For each centenarian, one near-by octogenarian (aged 80-89) and one near-by nonagenarian (aged 90-99) of pre-designated age and sex were interviewed. Near-by is loosely defined it could be in the same village or street if available, or in the same town or in the same county or city. The idea was to have comparable numbers of male and female octogenarians and nonagenarians at each age from 80 to 99. In 2002, the study added a refresher sub-sample of 4,845 interviewees aged 65-79, and a sub-sample of 4,478 adult children (aged 35-65) of the elderly interviewees aged 65-110 in eight provinces Comparative study of intergenerational relationships in the context of rapid aging and healthy longevity between Mainland China and Taiwan is possible. At each wave, the longitudinal survivors were re-interviewed, and the deceased interviewees were replaced by additional participants. Data on mortality and health status before dying for the 12,136 elders aged 65-112 who died between the waves were collected in interviews with a close family member of the deceased. The study also included interviews and follow-ups with 4,478 elderly interviewees'''' children aged 35-65. * Dates of Study: 1998-2005 * Study Features: Longitudinal, International * Sample Size: ** 1998: 8,993 ** 2000: 11,199 ** 2002: 16,064 ** 2005: 14,923 Links * Data Archive, http://www.geri.duke.edu/china_study/CLHLS6.htm * ICPSR, http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACDA/studies/03891

cancer patients in China, designed for medical research, survival prediction modeling, and healthcare disparity analysis. The data includes tumor characteristics, treatment types, survival status, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol use. It reflects realistic cancer epidemiology, with higher frequencies of lung, stomach, and liver cancers, and considers regional disparities in treatment and outcomes. Key features include:

Geographic spread across major Chinese provinces with proportional representation.

Cancer types, stages, and tumor sizes aligned with epidemiological trends in China.

Treatment methods (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy) and session counts.

Comorbidities, genetic mutation data (with intentional 5–10% missing values).

Survival outcome and follow-up durations up to 60 months.

This dataset is suitable for use in machine learning models, public health studies, predictive analytics, and academic research—especially in the context of cancer outcome prediction, treatment effectiveness evaluation, and equity in access to advanced care.

IntroductionIn the 2020s, particularly following 2022, the Chinese government introduced a series of initiatives to foster the development of the prepared dishes sector, accompanied by substantial investments from industrial capital. Consequently, China’s prepared dishes industry has experienced rapid growth. Nevertheless, this swift expansion has elicited varied public opinions, particularly concerning the potential health effects of prepared dishes. Therefore, this study aims to gather and analyze comments from social media on prepared dishes using machine learning techniques. The objective is to ascertain the perspectives of the Chinese populace on the health implications of consuming prepared dishes.MethodsSocial media comments, characterized by their broad distribution, objectivity, and timeliness, served as the primary data source for this study. Initially, the data underwent preprocessing to ensure its suitability for analysis. Subsequent steps in this study involved conducting sentiment analysis and employing the BERTopic model for topic clustering. These methods aimed to identify the principal concerns of the public regarding the impact of prepared dishes on health. The final phase of the study involved a comparative analysis of changes in public sentiment and thematic focus across different time frames. This approach provides a dynamic view of evolving public perceptions related to the health implications of prepared dishes.ResultsThis study analyzed over 600,000 comments gathered from various social media platforms from mid-July 2022 to the end of March 2024. Following data preprocessing, 200,993 comments were assessed for sentiment, revealing that more than 64% exhibited negative emotions. Subsequent topic clustering using the BERTopic model identified that 11 of the top 50 topics were related to public health concerns. These topics primarily scrutinized the safety of prepared dish production processes, raw materials, packaging materials, and additives. Moreover, significant public’s interest was in the right to informed consumption across different contexts. Notably, the most pronounced public opposition emerged regarding introducing prepared dishes into primary and secondary school canteens, with criticisms directed at the negligence of educational authorities and the ethics of manufacturers. Additionally, there were strong recommendations for media organizations to play a more active role in monitoring public opinion and for government agencies to enhance regulatory oversight.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that more than half of the Chinese public maintain a negative perception towards prepared dishes, particularly concerning about health implications. Chinese individuals display considerable sensitivity and intense reactions to news and events related to prepared dishes. Consequently, the study recommends that manufacturers directly address public psychological perceptions, proactively enhance production processes and service quality, and increase transparency in public communications to improve corporate image and people acceptance of prepared dishes. Additionally, supervisory and regulatory efforts must be intensified by media organizations and governmental bodies, fostering the healthy development of the prepared food industry in China.

Healthy Chinese Takeout participants as of 2/5/15. The Philadelphia Healthy Chinese Take-out Initiative is working to prevent and control high blood pressure in Philadelphia residents by 1) reducing the sodium content in Chinese take-out dishes by 10-15% and 2) decreasing access to tobacco products. The initiative is a joint effort among Temple University’s Center for Asian Health, the Asian Community Health Coalition, the Philadelphia Chinese Restaurant Association, and the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Excess consumption of sodium (salt) and tobacco use are two major contributors to hypertension, heart disease and stroke. Chinese take-out restaurant dishes can have large amounts of sodium mainly due to the sauces used in preparation and cooking. And Chinese take-out restaurants tend to have higher rates of illegal tobacco sales to minors than other retailers. To date, 200 Chinese take-out restaurants have enrolled in the initiative, participated in a low-sodium healthy cooking training with a professional chef, and received education about complying with the Tobacco Youth Sales Law.

Trouble downloading or have questions about this City dataset? Visit the OpenDataPhilly Discussion Group

According to a survey conducted between March and April 2021, around ** percent of adults from China reported that they had used online media to access health and wellness information. The same survey shows that physical fitness, ability to relax and have a good time, and a balanced lifestyle were the top health priorities among the Chinese respondents.

Huge citizens expose to social media during a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, China. We assess the prevalence of mental health problems and examine their association with social media exposure. A cross-sectional study among Chinese citizens aged≥18 years old was conducted during Jan 31 to Feb 2, 2020. Online survey was used to do rapid assessment. Total of 4872 participants from 31 provinces and autonomous regions were involved in the current study. Besides demographics and social media exposure (SME), depression was assessed by The Chinese version of WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and anxiety was assessed by Chinese version of generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7). multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associations between social media exposure with mental health problems after controlling for covariates. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and combination of depression and anxiety (CDA) was 48.3% (95%CI: 46.9%-49.7%), 22.6% (95%CI: 21.4%-23.8%) and 19.4% (95%CI: 18.3%-20.6%) during COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China. More than 80% (95%CI:80.9%-83.1%) of participants reported frequently exposed to social media. After controlling for covariates, frequently SME was positively associated with high odds of anxiety (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.31–2.26) and CDA (OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.52–2.41) compared with less SME. Our findings show there are high prevalence of mental health problems, which positively associated with frequently SME during the COVID-19 outbreak. These findings implicated the government need pay more attention to mental health problems, especially depression and anxiety among general population and combating with “infodemic” while combating during public health emergency.

China Health Group Inc. Company Profile, Opportunities, Challenges and Risk (SWOT, PESTLE and Value Chain); Corporate and ESG Strategies; Competitive Intelligence; Financial KPI’s; Operational KPI’s; Recent Trends: “ Read More

Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS) collected longitudinal data coordinated by the Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies of National School of Development at Peking University. The baseline survey was conducted in 1998 and the follow-up surveys were conducted in 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008-2009, 2011-2012, 2014 and 2017-2018 in randomly selected about half of the counties and city districts in 23 Chinese provinces. In the 8 waves of the CLHLS conducted in 1998-2018, we have conducted face-to-face home-based 113 thousands interviews, including 19.5 thousand centenarians, 26.8 thousands nonagenarians, 29.7 thousands octogenarians, 25.5 thousands younger elders aged 65-79, and 11.3 thousands middle-age adults aged 35-64. In the latest follow-up survey (2017-2018), 15,874 elder people aged 65 and above were visited, and information about 2,226 elder people deceased during 2014-2018 were collected. The questionnaire data collected provides information on family structure, living arrangements and proximity to children, activities of daily living (ADL), the capacity of physical performance, self-rated health, self-evaluation of life satisfaction, cognitive functioning, chronic disease prevalence, care needs and costs, social activities, diet, smoking and drinking behaviors, psychological characteristics, economic resources, and care giving and family support among elderly respondents and their relatives. Information about the health status of the CLHLS participants who were interviewed in the previous wave but died before the current survey was collected by interviewing a close family member. Information provided consists of cause of death, chronic diseases, ADL before dying, frequency of hospitalization or instances of being bedridden from the last interview until death, whether bedridden before death, length of disability and suffering before death, etc. As of March 10, 2020 according to incomplete statistics, there are 8019 registered CLHLS data users (excluding their students and other group members), and they produced following publications using the CLHLS datasets: 356 papers written in English, published in U.S. or European peer-reviewed journals, 455 papers written and published in peer-reviewed Chinese journals, 17 books (in English or in Chinese), 35 Ph.D. dissertations and 104 M.A. theses successfully defended at Universities inside and outside of China.

The number of older adults is rising rapidly in China. Various concerns such as chronic diseases, financial inadequacy, and a feeling of loneliness have adversely affected the mental health of older adults, and this has become an important public health and social issue. To realize healthy aging, the Nineteenth National People's Congress of China put forth the Healthy China strategy, speeding up the promotion activities of mental health and pension measures, carrying out public welfare pension insurance for the entire population, and contributing to the mental health of older adults. This study used data from China Family Panel Studies. This study mainly uses the random effect estimation method (random effect, RE) and the feasible generalized least squares estimation method (FGLS) to control for heterogeneity to explore the impact of social and commercial pension insurance on the mental health of older adults, the moderating effect of social capital on pension insurance, and the mental health of older adults. The results showed that social pension insurance is proportional to the mental health of older adults, whereas commercial pension insurance is inversely proportional to mental health. Social capital had a significant moderating effect on pension insurance. When a country develops an aging economy, the emphasis on social capital helps make targeted industrial development suggestions. The government's expansion of insurance coverage is crucial for improving the mental health of older adults.

Different countries have different health outcomes that are in part due to the way respective health systems perform. Regardless of the type of health system, individuals will have health and non-health expectations in terms of how the institution responds to their needs. In many countries, however, health systems do not perform effectively and this is in part due to lack of information on health system performance, and on the different service providers. The aim of the WHO World Health Survey is to provide empirical data to the national health information systems so that there is a better monitoring of health of the people, responsiveness of health systems and measurement of health-related parameters. The overall aims of the survey is to examine the way populations report their health, understand how people value health states, measure the performance of health systems in relation to responsiveness and gather information on modes and extents of payment for health encounters through a nationally representative population based community survey. In addition, it addresses various areas such as health care expenditures, adult mortality, birth history, various risk factors, assessment of main chronic health conditions and the coverage of health interventions, in specific additional modules. The objectives of the survey programme are to: 1. develop a means of providing valid, reliable and comparable information, at low cost, to supplement the information provided by routine health information systems. 2. build the evidence base necessary for policy-makers to monitor if health systems are achieving the desired goals, and to assess if additional investment in health is achieving the desired outcomes. 3. provide policy-makers with the evidence they need to adjust their policies, strategies and programmes as necessary.

Abstract

Objectives: To obtain reliable, valid and comparable health, health-related and well-being data over a range of key domains for adult and older adult populations in nationally representative samples To examine patterns and dynamics of age-related changes in health and well-being using longitudinal follow-up of a cohort as they age, and to investigate socio-economic consequences of these health changes To supplement and cross-validate self-reported measures of health and the anchoring vignette approach to improving comparability of self-reported measures, through measured performance tests for selected health domains To collect health examination and biomarker data that improves reliability of morbidity and risk factor data and to objectively monitor the effect of interventions

Additional Objectives: To generate large cohorts of older adult populations and comparison cohorts of younger populations for following-up intermediate outcomes, monitoring trends, examining transitions and life events, and addressing relationships between determinants and health, well-being and health-related outcomes To develop a mechanism to link survey data to demographic surveillance site data To build linkages with other national and multi-country ageing studies To improve the methodologies to enhance the reliability and validity of health outcomes and determinants data To provide a public-access information base to engage all stakeholders, including national policy makers and health systems planners, in planning and decision-making processes about the health and well-being of older adults

Methods: SAGE's first full round of data collection included both follow-up and new respondents in most participating countries. The goal of the sampling design was to obtain a nationally representative cohort of persons aged 50 years and older, with a smaller cohort of persons aged 18 to 49 for comparison purposes. In the older households, all persons aged 50+ years (for example, spouses and siblings) were invited to participate. Proxy respondents were identified for respondents who were unable to respond for themselves. Standardized SAGE survey instruments were used in all countries consisting of five main parts: 1) household questionnaire; 2) individual questionnaire; 3) proxy questionnaire; 4) verbal autopsy questionnaire; and, 5) appendices including showcards. A VAQ was completed for deaths in the household over the last 24 months. The procedures for including country-specific adaptations to the standardized questionnaire and translations into local languages from English follow those developed by and used for the World Health Survey.

Content Household questionnaire 0000 Coversheet 0100 Sampling Information 0200 Geocoding and GPS Information 0300 Recontact Information 0350 Contact Record 0400 Household Roster 0450 Kish Tables and Household Consent 0500 Housing 0600 Household and Family Support Networks and Transfers 0700 Assets and Household Income 0800 Household Expenditures 0900 Interviewer Observations

Individual questionnaire 1000 Socio-Demographic Characteristics 1500 Work History and Benefits 2000 Health State Descriptions and Vignettes 2500 Anthropometrics, Performance Tests and Biomarkers 3000 Risk Factors and Preventive Health Behaviours 4000 Chronic Conditions and Health Services Coverage 5000 Health Care Utilization 6000 Social Cohesion 7000 Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life (WHOQoL-8 and Day Reconstruction Method) 9000 Interviewer Assessment

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households and individuals

Universe

The household section of the survey covered all households in the People's Republic of China. Two special administrative regions Hong Kong and Macau are excluded. Institutionalised populations are also excluded. The individual section covered all persons aged 18 years and older residing within individual households. As the focus of SAGE is older adults, a much larger sample of respondents aged 50 years and older were selected with a smaller comparative sample of respondents aged 18-49 years

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The People's Republic of China(PRC) administers 22 provinces. These were grouped into Eastern, Central and Western provinces based on geographical location and economic status.PRC used a stratified multistage cluster sample design. Eight provinces were sampled. Strata were defined by the eight province(Guangdong,Hubei,Jilin,Shaanxi,Shandong,Shanghai,Yunnan,Zhejiang) and locality (urban or rural), there were 16 strata in total. One district(urban) and one county(rural) was randomly selected from each province. From each district/county 4 communities/townships were selected probability proportional to size; the measure of size being the number of households in the community/township. From each community/township 2 residential blocks/villages were selected probability proportional to size; the measure of size being the number of households in the residential blocks/villages. In each selected residential block/village 84 households were randomly selected:70 50 plus households and 14 18-49 households. All 50 plus members of the 50 plus households were eligible for the individual interview. One person aged 18-49 was eligible for the individual interview, and the individual to be included was selected using a Kish Grid.

Stages of selection Strata: Province, Locality=16 PSU: Township/Community=64 surveyed SSU: Village/Neighbourhood Community=127 surveyed TSU: Households=10278 surveyed QSU: Individuals=15050 surveyed

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f] PAPI and CAPI

Research instrument

The questionnaires were based on the WHS Model Questionnaire with some modification and many new additions. A household questionnaire was administered to all households eligible for the study. An Individual questionniare was administered to eligible respondents identified from the household roster. A Proxy questionnaire was administered to individual respondents who had cognitive limitations. The questionnaires were developed in English and were piloted as part of the SAGE pretest in 2005. All documents were translated into Chinese. All SAGE generic questionnaires are available as external resources.

Cleaning operations

Data editing took place at a number of stages including: (1) office editing and coding (2) during data entry (3) structural checking of the CSPro files (4) range and consistency secondary edits in Stata

Response rate

Household Response rate=95% Cooperation rate=99%

Individual: Response rate=93% Cooperation rate=98%

This synthetic dataset simulates disease surveillance records based on patterns from publicly available reports by China CDC (e.g., Monthly Notifiable Infectious Disease Reports). It includes 3,000 records across 25 fields, representing common infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis B, influenza, and HIV/AIDS. It integrates demographic features (age, gender), clinical outcomes (hospitalized, deaths, ICU), geographic details (province, urban/rural), and social determinants (travel history, vaccination).

The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) provides information on health status and quality of life of the elderly aged 65 and older in 22 provinces of China in the period 2002 to 2005. The study was conducted to shed light on the determinants of healthy human longevity and advanced age mortality. To this end, data were collected on a large percentage of the oldest population, including centenarian and nonagenarian; the CLHLS provides information on the health, socioeconomic characteristics, family, lifestyle, and demographic profile of this aged population. Data are provided on respondents' health conditions, daily functioning, self-perceptions of health status and quality of life, life satisfaction, mental attitude, and feelings about aging.

Respondents were asked about their diet and nutrition, use of medical services, and drinking and smoking habits, including how long ago they quit either or both. They were also asked about their physical activities, reading habits, television viewing, and religious activities, and were tested for motor skills, memory, and visual functioning. In order to ascertain their current state of health, respondents were asked if they suffered from such health conditions as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer, emphysema, asthma, tuberculosis, cataracts, glaucoma, gastric or duodenal ulcer, arthritis, Parkinson's disease, bedsores, or other chronic diseases. Respondents were further queried about assistance with bathing, dressing, toileting, or feeding, and who provided help in times of illness. Other questions focused on siblings, parents, and children, the frequency of family visits, and the distance lived from each other. Demographic and background variables include age, sex, ethnicity, place of birth, marital history and status, history of childbirth, living arrangements, education, main occupation before age 60, and sources of financial support.

Here presented the forcasted results of Potential Morbidity Risk Index (PMRI) for the personal patients with allerigc rhinitis and the public health administrations, and these results are supplied to the published paper of "Health Risks Forecast of Regional Air Pollution on Allergic Rhinitis: High-Resolution City-Scale Simulations in Changchun, China".