As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

In 2023, China held **** percent of foreign held U.S. securities. Japan held a further **** percent of foreign held securities. The national debt of the United Stated can be found here.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Foreign and International Investors (FDHBFIN) from Q1 1970 to Q2 2025 about foreign, debt, federal, and USA.

The value of U.S. Treasury securities held by residents of Russia amounted to ** million U.S. dollars in March 2025, marking a stark contrast to ***** billion U.S. dollars held in January 2020. The lowest over the period under consideration was recorded in November 2023 at ** million U.S. dollars. Furthermore, in March 2020, the figure plummeted to **** billion U.S. dollars, down from **** billion U.S. dollars one month prior. Russia’s holdings of U.S. treasury securities have decreased since 2014 following the Western sanctions over the annexation of Crimea and have further dropped in 2022 after more restrictions were imposed over the war in Ukraine. What are U.S. treasury holdings? U.S. treasury holdings are government debt instruments that contribute to the funding of various government projects in the country. The U.S. Department of Treasury allows individuals and organizations to invest in treasury notes, bills, and bonds, which are the main three types of securities. Just under half of the outstanding ** trillion U.S. dollars as of May 2024 were in the form of treasury notes. The notes have varying maturities and coupon payment frequencies, which are different from the maturity periods of treasury bills and bonds. Main foreign holders of U.S. treasury securities Foreign holdings of U.S. treasury debt amounted to ***** trillion U.S. dollars as of January 2024. Japan and China held the largest portions, with China possessing ***** billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. Additionally, other significant foreign holders included oil exporting countries and Caribbean banking centers.

The major foreign holders of U.S. Treasury securities are typically countries and entities that invest heavily in U.S. government debt. As of the latest data, here are some of the top foreign holders:

Japan: Historically, Japan has been the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities. China: China is another major holder, though its holdings have fluctuated due to various economic and political factors. United Kingdom: The UK is a significant investor in U.S. Treasuries, often ranked among the top holders. Ireland: Ireland holds a substantial amount of U.S. Treasury securities. Luxembourg: Luxembourg is also a notable holder of U.S. Treasuries. Switzerland: Swiss investments in U.S. Treasury securities are considerable. Brazil: Brazil is one of the largest holders in Latin America. Belgium: Belgium, often through its financial institutions, holds a significant amount. Taiwan: Taiwan's central bank and other financial institutions invest heavily in U.S. Treasuries. Hong Kong: Hong Kong maintains substantial holdings in U.S. Treasuries. These rankings can change frequently based on economic conditions, currency reserves, and geopolitical factors. For the most up-to-date information, refer to the U.S. Department of the Treasury's "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" report.

United States USF: Long Term: Corporate Debt: China data was reported at 16.288 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 15.898 USD bn for 2016. United States USF: Long Term: Corporate Debt: China data is updated yearly, averaging 18.337 USD bn from Jun 2002 (Median) to 2017, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 58.494 USD bn in 2006 and a record low of 10.898 USD bn in 2002. United States USF: Long Term: Corporate Debt: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z047: Foreign Residents' Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities.

External Debt in China decreased to 24198 USD Hundred Million in 2024 from 24475 USD Hundred Million in 2023. This dataset provides - China External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Asset Backed: China data was reported at 52.000 USD mn in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 52.000 USD mn for 2015. United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Asset Backed: China data is updated yearly, averaging 8.000 USD mn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2016, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 52.000 USD mn in 2016 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2012. United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Asset Backed: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

United States FSU: Debt: Short Term: Negotiable CDs: China data was reported at 382.000 USD mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 189.000 USD mn for 2015. United States FSU: Debt: Short Term: Negotiable CDs: China data is updated yearly, averaging 24.000 USD mn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2016, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 670.000 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2005. United States FSU: Debt: Short Term: Negotiable CDs: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

External debt stocks, long-term (DOD, current US$) in China was reported at 1084231056087 USD in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - External debt stocks, long-term (DOD, current US$) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Key information about China External Debt

• China External Debt reached 2,436.8 USD bn in Jun 2025, compared with 2,451.4 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• China External Debt: USD mn data is updated quarterly, available from Jun 2003 to Jun 2025.

• In the latest reports of China, Current Account recorded a surplus of 195.6 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 8.5 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• China Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 39.9 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 8.3 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 4,953.4 USD bn in Sep 2025.

In June 2025, the average yield on ten-year government bonds in the United States was **** percent. This was the ******* of the selected developed economies considered in this statistic. Bonds and yields – additional information The bond yield indicates the level of return that the investor can expect from a given type of bond. The government of Italy, for instance, offered the investors **** percent yield on ten-year government bonds for borrowing their money in June 2025. In the United States, government needs are also financed by selling various debt instruments such as Treasury bills, notes, bonds and savings bonds to investors. The largest holders of U.S. debt are the Federal Reserve and Government accounts in the United States. The major foreign holders of the United States treasury securities are Japan, Mainland China, and the United Kingdom.

Actual value and historical data chart for China External Debt Stocks Total Dod Us Dollar

External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$) in China was reported at 467995987954 USD in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

China External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Public Sector data was reported at 448.890 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 445.862 USD bn for 2022. China External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Public Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 93.798 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 458.029 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 4.914 USD bn in 1981. China External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Public Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service: Annual. Public sector debt comprises long-term external obligations of public debtors, including the national government of all levels, political subdivisions (or an agency of either), autonomous public bodies such as Public Corporations, State Owned Enterprises, Development Banks and Other Mixed Enterprises. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Actual value and historical data chart for China External Debt Stocks Short Term Dod Us Dollar

External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$) in China was reported at 616235068133 USD in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Government bond spreads as of April 15, 2025, varied widely among the largest economies when compared to German Bunds and U.S. Treasury notes. The United Kingdom's bond spread was the higest against both, with ***** basis points (bps) over Germany and **** bps over the U.S. In contrast, China and Japan display negative spreads, with Japan having the lowest spread at ****** bps against U.S. Treasuries. Italy, the United Kingdom, and Canada showed moderate spreads. Positive bond spreads indicate that a country’s government bonds have higher yields compared to the benchmark bonds - in this case, the German Bunds and U.S. Treasury notes. Higher spreads often signal perceived higher risk or economic uncertainty, as investors demand greater returns for holding these bonds. expectations. Conversely, negative spreads mean that these bonds offer lower yields than the benchmark. Negative spreads often indicate strong investor confidence, safe-haven status, or lower inflation expectations, as investors are willing to accept lower returns for the perceived stability of these bonds.

China External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Concessional data was reported at 5.631 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.244 USD bn for 2022. China External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Concessional data is updated yearly, averaging 8.561 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.862 USD bn in 2010 and a record low of 11.498 USD mn in 1981. China External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Concessional data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service: Annual. Concessional external debt conveys information about the borrower's receipt of aid from official lenders at concessional terms as defined by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 5 percent. Loans from major regional development banks--African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank--and from the World Bank are classified as concessional according to each institution's classification and not according to the DAC definition, as was the practice in earlier reports. Long-term debt outstanding and disbursed is the total outstanding long-term debt at year end. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

China External Debt: Stocks: Total Change data was reported at -27.839 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -276.304 USD bn for 2022. China External Debt: Stocks: Total Change data is updated yearly, averaging 21.715 USD bn from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 398.121 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of -444.612 USD bn in 2015. China External Debt: Stocks: Total Change data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings: Annual. Total change in debt stocks shows the variation in debt stock between two consecutive years. Data are in current U.S. dollars.