In 2024, there were around 719 million male inhabitants and 689 million female inhabitants living in China, amounting to around 1.41 billion people in total. China's total population decreased for the first time in decades in 2022, and population decline is expected to accelerate in the upcoming years. Birth control in China From the beginning of the 1970s on, having many children was no longer encouraged in mainland China. The one-child policy was then introduced in 1979 to control the total size of the Chinese population. According to the one-child policy, a married couple was only allowed to have one child. With the time, modifications were added to the policy, for example parents living in rural areas were allowed to have a second child if the first was a daughter, and most ethnic minorities were excepted from the policy. Population ageing The birth control led to a decreasing birth rate in China and a more skewed gender ratio of new births due to boy preference. Since the negative economic and social effects of an aging population were more and more felt in China, the one-child policy was considered an obstacle for the country’s further economic development. Since 2014, the one-child policy has been gradually relaxed and fully eliminated at the end of 2015. However, many young Chinese people are not willing to have more children due to high costs of raising a child, especially in urban areas.

The gender or sex ratio in China has been a contentious issue since the introduction of the one-child policy in 1979, intended to limit the population of the country. Although the policy is no longer in place, the population gender difference throughout the country is still evident. In 2023, fifteen to nineteen-year-old children had the largest gender disparity of 115.3 males to every 100 females. Gender imbalance While the difference of gender at birth has been decreasing in the country over the past decade, China still boasts the world’s most skewed sex ratio at birth at around 110 males born for every 100 females as of 2023. That means there are about 31 million more men in the country than women. This imbalance likely came from the country’s traditional preference for male children to continue the family lineage, in combination with the population control policies enforced. Where does that leave the population? The surplus of young, single men across the country poses a risk for China in many different socio-economic areas. Some of the roll-on effects include males overrepresenting specific labor markets, savings rates increasing, consumption reducing and violent crime increasing across the country. However, the adult mortality rate in China, that is, the probability of a 15-year-old dying before reaching age 60, was significantly higher for men than for women. For the Chinese population over 60 years of age, the gender ratio is in favor of women, with more females outliving their male counterparts.

In 2024, the gender ratio of the total population in China ranged at approximately ***** males to 100 females. Like most other sexual species, the gender ratio in humans tends to be one to one. But due to factors like gender selective abortions and different life expectancy between men and women, the gender ratio varies in different age groups. Gender imbalance in China China belongs to the countries with a very imbalanced gender ratio at birth. In 2023, the gender ratio in the population aging from 0 to 4 years old ranged at around *** males to 100 females. The high gender inequality can be attributed to the traditional preference for male children in the Chinese society. Although gender identification before birth is not legally allowed in China, selective abortions due to gender preference still exist in many regions of China. The importance of gender equality Gender imbalance can lead to many social problems, like the difficulty of finding a partner. Additionally, a country might also get economic benefits from its gender equality. According to the Global Gender Gap Report which was conducted by the World Economic Forum in 2017, there could be a *** trillion U.S. dollar increase in China’s GDP if the gender gap could be closed. As China’s one-child-policy was officially ended in 2015, the problem of selective abortion due to gender preference is also expected to be alleviated.

Actual value and historical data chart for China Sex Ratio At Birth Male Births Per Female Births

In 2023, the gender ratio in different regions in China varied greatly, from around 113.2 men per 100 women in Hainan province to only 97.1 men per 100 women in Liaoning. In most provinces in China, there are living more men than women, leading to a national gender ratio of around 104.2 men to 100 women in 2023.

China Population: Town: Male: Age 85 to 89 data was reported at 1.273 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.114 Person th for 2022. China Population: Town: Male: Age 85 to 89 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.428 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 866.091 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 0.028 Person th in 1994. China Population: Town: Male: Age 85 to 89 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Sex: Town.

China Population: Aged 6 and Above: Male data was reported at 718.135 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 695.142 Person th for 2022. China Population: Aged 6 and Above: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 577.161 Person th from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2023, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 671,681.215 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 517.653 Person th in 2019. China Population: Aged 6 and Above: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Sex.

From the early 1980s the proportion of male births in China has risen sharply with an average of 120 male births for every 100 female. These unprecedented sex ratio imbalances are now affecting the reproductive age groups, with 20 million excess men of reproductive age by 2020. Yet almost no empirical studies exist which explore this phenomenon, so the consequences of this huge surplus of excess men remains unknown. The overall objective of the study was to explore, through comparisons of urban and rural settings in three provinces, the demographic, social and psychological consequences of high sex ratios on (a) young men, (b) young women and (c) society more generally.

The specific objectives were:

• to compare key socio-demographic indicators for areas with differing sex ratios;
• to explore and understand the experiences of young men and women living in environments with different sex ratios and their perceptions, if any, of the impact of excess males on society;
• to explore the psychological and social impact of the sex ratio for partnered and unpartnered men and women;
• to test hypotheses derived from the literature, including that in high sex ratio areas men are more vulnerable to depression and aggression, women have better mental health with less depression and anxiety, and violent crime and prostitution are more common.

China Population: Male: Age 45 to 49 data was reported at 52.120 Person th in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 52.930 Person th for 2022. China Population: Male: Age 45 to 49 data is updated yearly, averaging 49.268 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 58,191.686 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 18.935 Person th in 1994. China Population: Male: Age 45 to 49 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Sex.

The statistic shows the distribution of the total population in China from 1950 to 2024, by gender. In 2024, about ***** percent of the Chinese population were male.

China Population: Male: Age 95 and Above data was reported at 0.334 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.311 Person th for 2022. China Population: Male: Age 95 and Above data is updated yearly, averaging 0.095 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 271.455 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 0.019 Person th in 1991. China Population: Male: Age 95 and Above data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Sex.

China Population: Male: Age 90 to 94 data was reported at 1.904 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.654 Person th for 2022. China Population: Male: Age 90 to 94 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.568 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,367.594 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 0.108 Person th in 1989. China Population: Male: Age 90 to 94 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Sex.

The age distribution of China's population by five-year age groups in 2023 demonstrates that there are more females than males in the population for all age groups below 60 to 64 years. The largest gender difference exists for the younger age groups born between 2000 and 2010 when the one-child policy had been enforced most strictly.

China Population: Town: Male: Age 45 to 49 data was reported at 13.532 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.516 Person th for 2022. China Population: Town: Male: Age 45 to 49 data is updated yearly, averaging 11.479 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,499.304 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 1.132 Person th in 1994. China Population: Town: Male: Age 45 to 49 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Sex: Town.

China Population: Town: Male: Age 50 to 54 data was reported at 16.263 Person th in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16.313 Person th for 2022. China Population: Town: Male: Age 50 to 54 data is updated yearly, averaging 9.066 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,898.540 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 0.939 Person th in 1994. China Population: Town: Male: Age 50 to 54 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Sex: Town.

The graph shows the sex ratio in the age group of 0 to 4 years in China from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, the ratio in that group was more than *** boys to 100 girls. The sex ratio of the total population in China was ****** males to 100 females in 2023.

China Population: County: Male: Age 50 to 54 data was reported at 22.774 Person th in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 23.856 Person th for 2022. China Population: County: Male: Age 50 to 54 data is updated yearly, averaging 22.774 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24,646.626 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 11.407 Person th in 1994. China Population: County: Male: Age 50 to 54 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Sex: Rural.

COVID-19 has become one of the largest epidemics in the world. As of February 11, 2020, the fatality rate of novel coronavirus COVID-19 among male patients ranged around 2.8 percent in China. The figure was based on a medical analysis of 44,672 confirmed cases.

China Population: Town: Male: Age 55 to 59 data was reported at 15.216 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.551 Person th for 2022. China Population: Town: Male: Age 55 to 59 data is updated yearly, averaging 7.393 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11,020.484 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 0.832 Person th in 1994. China Population: Town: Male: Age 55 to 59 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Sex: Town.

BackgroundCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of congenital genetic diseases caused by defective steroidogenesis. Our study aims to systematically analyze the screening results for CAH in Chinese newborns.MethodsStudies were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library and some Chinese databases up to September, 2020. Meta-analysis was performed after quality assessment and data extraction.ResultsAfter a review of 2 694 articles, we included 41 studies enrolling 7 853 756 newborns. In our study, we found that the incidence of CAH in China was 0.43‱ [95% confidence intervals(CI), (0.39‱, 0.48‱)], or 1/23 024 [95%CI, (1/25 757,1/20 815)]. 27 studies were included for analysis of the screening positive rate, which gave a rate of 0.66% [95%CI, (0.54%, 0.78%)]. As for the recall rate of positive cases, 17 studies were included and showed that the recall rate reached 86.17% [95%CI, (82.70%, 89.64%)]. Among the CAH patients, the ratio of males to females was 1.92:1 (119:62), and the ratio of salt wasting (SW) to simple virilization (SV) type was 3.25:1 (104:32). The average 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) value of CAH was 393.40 ± 291.85 nmol/L (Range 33-1 300 nmol/L); there was no significant difference between male and female patients (437.17 ± 297.27 nmol/L v.s. 322.25 ± 293.04 nmol/L, P=0.16), but a significant difference was found between SW and SV patients (483.29 ± 330.07 nmol/L v.s. 73.80 ± 7.83nmol/L, P=0.04).ConclusionWe systematically analyzed the current situation of neonatal CAH screening in China, which will deepen our understanding for future CAH screening and early diagnosis.