Money supply, billion currency units in China, April, 2025 The most recent value is 325173.93 billion Chinese Renminbi as of April 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 326055.46 billion Chinese Renminbi. Historically, the average for China from January 2004 to April 2025 is 135445.07 billion Chinese Renminbi. The minimum of 22510.19 billion Chinese Renminbi was recorded in January 2004, while the maximum of 326055.46 billion Chinese Renminbi was reached in March 2025. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Graph and download economic data for Exchange Rate to U.S. Dollar for China (FXRATECNA618NUPN) from 1952 to 2010 about China, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

China Number of Banking Institution: Monetary Brokerage Company data was reported at 6.000 Unit in Dec 2024. This stayed constant from the previous number of 6.000 Unit for Jun 2024. China Number of Banking Institution: Monetary Brokerage Company data is updated semiannually, averaging 6.000 Unit from Jun 2018 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.000 Unit in Dec 2024 and a record low of 5.000 Unit in Dec 2020. China Number of Banking Institution: Monetary Brokerage Company data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Financial Regulatory Administration. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money and Banking – Table CN.KC: Number of Financial Institution and Employee.

China Number of Investment Fund: Public Offer: Open-end: Money data was reported at 371.000 Unit in Feb 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 371.000 Unit for Jan 2025. China Number of Investment Fund: Public Offer: Open-end: Money data is updated monthly, averaging 333.000 Unit from Dec 2012 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 147 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 372.000 Unit in Oct 2023 and a record low of 61.000 Unit in Dec 2012. China Number of Investment Fund: Public Offer: Open-end: Money data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Asset Management Association of China. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZAM: Fund: Number of Investment Fund.

China Number of Banking Institution: Foreign Financial Institution data was reported at 39.000 Unit in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 39.000 Unit for 2016. China Number of Banking Institution: Foreign Financial Institution data is updated yearly, averaging 39.000 Unit from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2017, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 42.000 Unit in 2013 and a record low of 14.000 Unit in 2006. China Number of Banking Institution: Foreign Financial Institution data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money and Banking – Table CN.KC: Number of Financial Institution and Employee.

Household credit, billion currency units in China, March, 2025 The most recent value is 81963.11 billion Chinese Renminbi as of March 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of 80988.43 billion Chinese Renminbi. Historically, the average for China from January 2015 to March 2025 is 54819.86 billion Chinese Renminbi. The minimum of 23341.95 billion Chinese Renminbi was recorded in January 2015, while the maximum of 81963.11 billion Chinese Renminbi was reached in March 2025. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

China Number of Banking Institution: Non Bank Financial Institution data was reported at 425.000 Unit in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 395.000 Unit for 2015. China Number of Banking Institution: Non Bank Financial Institution data is updated yearly, averaging 208.000 Unit from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2016, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 425.000 Unit in 2016 and a record low of 130.000 Unit in 2006. China Number of Banking Institution: Non Bank Financial Institution data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money and Banking – Table CN.KC: Number of Financial Institution and Employee.

Business credit, billion currency units in China, March, 2025 The most recent value is 175941.93 billion Chinese Renminbi as of March 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of 173165.44 billion Chinese Renminbi. Historically, the average for China from January 2015 to March 2025 is 106865.55 billion Chinese Renminbi. The minimum of 61752.73 billion Chinese Renminbi was recorded in January 2015, while the maximum of 175941.93 billion Chinese Renminbi was reached in March 2025. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Abstract

The fourth edition of the Global Findex offers a lens into how people accessed and used financial services during the COVID-19 pandemic, when mobility restrictions and health policies drove increased demand for digital services of all kinds.

The Global Findex is the world's most comprehensive database on financial inclusion. It is also the only global demand-side data source allowing for global and regional cross-country analysis to provide a rigorous and multidimensional picture of how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage financial risks. Global Findex 2021 data were collected from national representative surveys of about 128,000 adults in more than 120 economies. The latest edition follows the 2011, 2014, and 2017 editions, and it includes a number of new series measuring financial health and resilience and contains more granular data on digital payment adoption, including merchant and government payments.

The Global Findex is an indispensable resource for financial service practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and development professionals.

Geographic coverage

Tibet was excluded from the sample. The excluded areas represent less than 1 percent of the total population of China.

Analysis unit

Individual

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

In most developing economies, Global Findex data have traditionally been collected through face-to-face interviews. Surveys are conducted face-to-face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where in-person surveying is the customary methodology. However, because of ongoing COVID-19 related mobility restrictions, face-to-face interviewing was not possible in some of these economies in 2021. Phone-based surveys were therefore conducted in 67 economies that had been surveyed face-to-face in 2017. These 67 economies were selected for inclusion based on population size, phone penetration rate, COVID-19 infection rates, and the feasibility of executing phone-based methods where Gallup would otherwise conduct face-to-face data collection, while complying with all government-issued guidance throughout the interviewing process. Gallup takes both mobile phone and landline ownership into consideration. According to Gallup World Poll 2019 data, when face-to-face surveys were last carried out in these economies, at least 80 percent of adults in almost all of them reported mobile phone ownership. All samples are probability-based and nationally representative of the resident adult population. Phone surveys were not a viable option in 17 economies that had been part of previous Global Findex surveys, however, because of low mobile phone ownership and surveying restrictions. Data for these economies will be collected in 2022 and released in 2023.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed, and the hand-held survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In traditionally phone-based economies, respondent selection follows the same procedure as in previous years, using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In most economies where mobile phone and landline penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used.

The same respondent selection procedure is applied to the new phone-based economies. Dual frame (landline and mobile phone) random digital dialing is used where landline presence and use are 20 percent or higher based on historical Gallup estimates. Mobile phone random digital dialing is used in economies with limited to no landline presence (less than 20 percent).

For landline respondents in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is 80 percent or higher, random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. For mobile phone respondents in these economies or in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is less than 80 percent, no further selection is performed. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

Sample size for China is 3500.

Mode of data collection

Mobile telephone

Research instrument

Questionnaires are available on the website.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar. 2022. The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of COVID-19. Washington, DC: World Bank.

China BWMPI: Rural Financial Institution data was reported at 2,389.000 Unit in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,643.000 Unit for Sep 2018. China BWMPI: Rural Financial Institution data is updated monthly, averaging 2,986.000 Unit from Jun 2016 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,896.000 Unit in Jan 2018 and a record low of 1,855.000 Unit in Jun 2016. China BWMPI: Rural Financial Institution data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Puyi Standard. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZAM: Banks' Wealth Management Product: Number of Issuance.

The number of financial institutions engaging in foreign exchange operations, buying and selling of foreign currency cash, and traveler's check services.

GDP, billion currency units in China, March, 2025 The most recent value is 31875.8 billion Chinese Renminbi as of Q1 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 37372.62 billion Chinese Renminbi. Historically, the average for China from Q1 1992 to Q1 2025 is 11768.46 billion Chinese Renminbi. The minimum of 526.28 billion Chinese Renminbi was recorded in Q1 1992, while the maximum of 37372.62 billion Chinese Renminbi was reached in Q4 2024. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Abstract

Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems.

By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage. Oversampling was used in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Frequency of data collection

Triennial

Sampling procedure

As in the first edition, the indicators in the 2014 Global Findex are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in more than 140 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world's population. The survey was carried out over the 2014 calendar year by Gallup, Inc. as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has continually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 140 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017.

Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks. In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected through the Kish grid from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

The sample size in China was 4,696 individuals.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request.

Questions on cash withdrawals, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, school fees, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, and Peter Van Oudheusden, “The Global Findex Database 2014: Measuring Financial Inclusion around the World.” Policy Research Working Paper 7255, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Private sector credit, billion currency units in China, March, 2025 The most recent value is 257905.04 billion Chinese Renminbi as of March 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of 254153.86 billion Chinese Renminbi. Historically, the average for China from January 2015 to March 2025 is 161685.42 billion Chinese Renminbi. The minimum of 85094.68 billion Chinese Renminbi was recorded in January 2015, while the maximum of 257905.04 billion Chinese Renminbi was reached in March 2025. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Hong Kong Foreign Reserves: Ratio to Currency in Circulation data was reported at 6.827 Unit in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.935 Unit for Aug 2018. Hong Kong Foreign Reserves: Ratio to Currency in Circulation data is updated monthly, averaging 7.209 Unit from Jun 1993 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 275 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.772 Unit in Nov 2009 and a record low of 4.571 Unit in Jun 1993. Hong Kong Foreign Reserves: Ratio to Currency in Circulation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hong Kong Monetary Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.KA004: Exchange Fund Foreign Reserve and Money Market Operation.

Foreign exchange reserves, billion currency units in China, March, 2025 The most recent value is 3533.89 billion U.S. Dollar as of March 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of 3498.56 billion U.S. Dollar. Historically, the average for China from November 1980 to March 2025 is 1353.81 billion U.S. Dollar. The minimum of 2.93 billion U.S. Dollar was recorded in March 1981, while the maximum of 4020.65 billion U.S. Dollar was reached in June 2014. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

China SDR per USD unit data was reported at 0.723 Unit in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.724 Unit for Oct 2018. China SDR per USD unit data is updated monthly, averaging 0.689 Unit from Jan 1995 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 287 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.805 Unit in Feb 2002 and a record low of 0.608 Unit in Mar 2008. China SDR per USD unit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money and Banking – Table CN.KA: Official Reserve Asset and Other Foreign Currency Asset.

Money supply, billion currency units in Chine, avril, 2025 Pour cet indicateur, People's Bank of China fournit des données pour la Chine de janvier 2004 à avril 2025. La valeur moyenne pour Chine pendant cette période était de 135445.07 billion Chinese Renminbi avec un minimum de 22510.19 billion Chinese Renminbi en janvier 2004 et un maximum de 326055.46 billion Chinese Renminbi en mars 2025. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

China BWMPI: Non-guaranteed: Rural Financial Institution data was reported at 1,368.000 Unit in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,502.000 Unit for Sep 2018. China BWMPI: Non-guaranteed: Rural Financial Institution data is updated monthly, averaging 1,528.000 Unit from Jun 2016 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,847.000 Unit in Nov 2017 and a record low of 993.000 Unit in Jun 2016. China BWMPI: Non-guaranteed: Rural Financial Institution data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Puyi Standard. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZAM: Banks' Wealth Management Product: Number of Issuance.

Business credit, billion currency units in Chine, mars, 2025 Pour cet indicateur, People's Bank of China fournit des données pour la Chine de janvier 2015 à mars 2025. La valeur moyenne pour Chine pendant cette période était de 106865.55 billion Chinese Renminbi avec un minimum de 61752.73 billion Chinese Renminbi en janvier 2015 et un maximum de 175941.93 billion Chinese Renminbi en mars 2025. | TheGlobalEconomy.com