According to latest figures, the Chinese population decreased by 1.39 million to around 1.408 billion people in 2024. After decades of rapid growth, China arrived at the turning point of its demographic development in 2022, which was earlier than expected. The annual population decrease is estimated to remain at moderate levels until around 2030 but to accelerate thereafter. Population development in China China had for a long time been the country with the largest population worldwide, but according to UN estimates, it has been overtaken by India in 2023. As the population in India is still growing, the country is very likely to remain being home of the largest population on earth in the near future. Due to several mechanisms put into place by the Chinese government as well as changing circumstances in the working and social environment of the Chinese people, population growth has subsided over the past decades, displaying an annual population growth rate of -0.1 percent in 2024. Nevertheless, compared to the world population in total, China held a share of about 17 percent of the overall global population in 2024. China's aging population In terms of demographic developments, the birth control efforts of the Chinese government had considerable effects on the demographic pyramid in China. Upon closer examination of the age distribution, a clear trend of an aging population becomes visible. In order to curb the negative effects of an aging population, the Chinese government abolished the one-child policy in 2015, which had been in effect since 1979, and introduced a three-child policy in May 2021. However, many Chinese parents nowadays are reluctant to have a second or third child, as is the case in most of the developed countries in the world. The number of births in China varied in the years following the abolishment of the one-child policy, but did not increase considerably. Among the reasons most prominent for parents not having more children are the rising living costs and costs for child care, growing work pressure, a growing trend towards self-realization and individualism, and changing social behaviors.

The total population in China was estimated at 1409.7 million people in 2023, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. This dataset provides - China Population - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2022, India overtook China as the world's most populous country and now has almost 1.46 billion people. China now has the second-largest population in the world, still with just over 1.4 billion inhabitants, however, its population went into decline in 2023. Global population As of 2025, the world's population stands at almost 8.2 billion people and is expected to reach around 10.3 billion people in the 2080s, when it will then go into decline. Due to improved healthcare, sanitation, and general living conditions, the global population continues to increase; mortality rates (particularly among infants and children) are decreasing and the median age of the world population has steadily increased for decades. As for the average life expectancy in industrial and developing countries, the gap has narrowed significantly since the mid-20th century. Asia is the most populous continent on Earth; 11 of the 20 largest countries are located there. It leads the ranking of the global population by continent by far, reporting four times as many inhabitants as Africa. The Demographic Transition The population explosion over the past two centuries is part of a phenomenon known as the demographic transition. Simply put, this transition results from a drastic reduction in mortality, which then leads to a reduction in fertility, and increase in life expectancy; this interim period where death rates are low and birth rates are high is where this population explosion occurs, and population growth can remain high as the population ages. In today's most-developed countries, the transition generally began with industrialization in the 1800s, and growth has now stabilized as birth and mortality rates have re-balanced. Across less-developed countries, the stage of this transition varies; for example, China is at a later stage than India, which accounts for the change in which country is more populous - understanding the demographic transition can help understand the reason why China's population is now going into decline. The least-developed region is Sub-Saharan Africa, where fertility rates remain close to pre-industrial levels in some countries. As these countries transition, they will undergo significant rates of population growth

Key information about China population

• The China population reached 1,408.3 million people in Dec 2024, compared with the previously reported figure of 1,409.7 million people in Dec 2023
• The data reached an all-time high of 1,412.6 million people in Dec 2021 and a record low of 541.7 million people in Dec 1949

• In the latest reports, China Unemployment Rate increased to 5.1 % in Sep 2024
• Monthly earnings of the China population was 1,392.5 USD in Dec 2023
• China Labour Force Participation Rate dropped to 66.4 % in Dec 2023

In 2024, about 60.9 percent of the Chinese population was between 16 and 59 years old. Apart from the information given on broad age groups in this statistic, some more information is provided by a timeline for the age distribution and a population breakdown by smaller age groups. Demographic development in China China ranked as the second most populous country in the world with a population of nearly 1.41 billion as of mid 2024, surpassed only by India. As the world population reached more than eight billion in mid 2024, China represented almost one fifth of the global population. China's population increased exponentially between the 1950s and the early 1980s due to Mao Zedong's population policy. To tackle the problem of overpopulation, a one-child policy was implemented in 1979. Since then, China's population growth has slowed from more than two percent per annum in the 1970s to around 0.5 percent per annum in the 2000s, and finally turned negative in 2022. China's aging population One outcome of the strict population policy is the acceleration of demographic aging trends. According to the United Nations, China's population median age has more than doubled over the last five decades, from 18 years in 1970 to 37.5 years in 2020. Few countries have aged faster than China. The dramatic aging of the population is matched by slower growth. The total fertility rate, measuring the number of children a woman can expect to have in her life, stood at just around 1.2 children. This incremental decline in labor force could lead to future challenges for the Chinese government, causing instability in current health care and social insurance mechanisms. To learn more about demographic development of the rural and urban population in China, please take a look at our reports on population in China and aging population in China.

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million in China was reported at 451017824 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The graph shows the population growth in China from 2000 to 2024. In 2024, the Chinese population decreased by about 0.1 percent or 1.39 million to around 1.408 billion people. Declining population growth in China Due to strict birth control measures by the Chinese government as well as changing family and work situations of the Chinese people, population growth has subsided over the past decades. Although the gradual abolition of the one-child policy from 2014 on led to temporarily higher birth figures, growth rates further decreased in recent years. As of 2024, leading countries in population growth could almost exclusively be found on the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula. Nevertheless, as of mid 2024, Asia ranked first by a wide margin among the continents in terms of absolute population. Future development of Chinese population The Chinese population reached a maximum of 1,412.6 million people in 2021 but decreased by 850,000 in 2022 and another 2.08 million in 2023. Until 2022, China had still ranked the world’s most populous country, but it was overtaken by India in 2023. Apart from the population decrease, a clear growth trend in Chinese cities is visible. By 2024, around 67 percent of Chinese people lived in urban areas, compared to merely 36 percent in 2000.

China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population over 4 Million data was reported at 22.000 Unit in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.000 Unit for 2019. China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population over 4 Million data is updated yearly, averaging 14.000 Unit from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.000 Unit in 2020 and a record low of 10.000 Unit in 2002. China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population over 4 Million data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: No of Prefecture Level City by Population.

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) in China was reported at 32.04 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

The region of present-day China has historically been the most populous region in the world; however, its population development has fluctuated throughout history. In 2022, China was overtaken as the most populous country in the world, and current projections suggest its population is heading for a rapid decline in the coming decades. Transitions of power lead to mortality The source suggests that conflict, and the diseases brought with it, were the major obstacles to population growth throughout most of the Common Era, particularly during transitions of power between various dynasties and rulers. It estimates that the total population fell by approximately 30 million people during the 14th century due to the impact of Mongol invasions, which inflicted heavy losses on the northern population through conflict, enslavement, food instability, and the introduction of bubonic plague. Between 1850 and 1870, the total population fell once more, by more than 50 million people, through further conflict, famine and disease; the most notable of these was the Taiping Rebellion, although the Miao an Panthay Rebellions, and the Dungan Revolt, also had large death tolls. The third plague pandemic also originated in Yunnan in 1855, which killed approximately two million people in China. 20th and 21st centuries There were additional conflicts at the turn of the 20th century, which had significant geopolitical consequences for China, but did not result in the same high levels of mortality seen previously. It was not until the overlapping Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) and Second World War (1937-1945) where the death tolls reached approximately 10 and 20 million respectively. Additionally, as China attempted to industrialize during the Great Leap Forward (1958-1962), economic and agricultural mismanagement resulted in the deaths of tens of millions (possibly as many as 55 million) in less than four years, during the Great Chinese Famine. This mortality is not observable on the given dataset, due to the rapidity of China's demographic transition over the entire period; this saw improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and infrastructure result in sweeping changes across the population. The early 2020s marked some significant milestones in China's demographics, where it was overtaken by India as the world's most populous country, and its population also went into decline. Current projections suggest that China is heading for a "demographic disaster", as its rapidly aging population is placing significant burdens on China's economy, government, and society. In stark contrast to the restrictive "one-child policy" of the past, the government has introduced a series of pro-fertility incentives for couples to have larger families, although the impact of these policies are yet to materialize. If these current projections come true, then China's population may be around half its current size by the end of the century.

In 2024, there were around 719 million male inhabitants and 689 million female inhabitants living in China, amounting to around 1.41 billion people in total. China's total population decreased for the first time in decades in 2022, and population decline is expected to accelerate in the upcoming years. Birth control in China From the beginning of the 1970s on, having many children was no longer encouraged in mainland China. The one-child policy was then introduced in 1979 to control the total size of the Chinese population. According to the one-child policy, a married couple was only allowed to have one child. With the time, modifications were added to the policy, for example parents living in rural areas were allowed to have a second child if the first was a daughter, and most ethnic minorities were excepted from the policy. Population ageing The birth control led to a decreasing birth rate in China and a more skewed gender ratio of new births due to boy preference. Since the negative economic and social effects of an aging population were more and more felt in China, the one-child policy was considered an obstacle for the country’s further economic development. Since 2014, the one-child policy has been gradually relaxed and fully eliminated at the end of 2015. However, many young Chinese people are not willing to have more children due to high costs of raising a child, especially in urban areas.

China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population 0.5 - 1 Million data was reported at 86.000 Unit in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 88.000 Unit for 2019. China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population 0.5 - 1 Million data is updated yearly, averaging 103.000 Unit from Dec 1978 (Median) to 2020, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 111.000 Unit in 2007 and a record low of 35.000 Unit in 1978. China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population 0.5 - 1 Million data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: No of Prefecture Level City by Population.

In 2024, about 943.5 million people lived in urban regions in China and 464.8 million in rural. That year, the country had a total population of approximately 1.41 billion people. As of 2024, China was the second most populous country in the world. Urbanization in China Urbanization refers to the process by which people move from rural to urban areas and how a society adapts to the population shift. It is usually seen as a driving force in economic growth, accompanied by industrialization, modernization and the spread of education. Urbanization levels tend to be higher in industrial countries, whereas the degree of urbanization in developing countries remains relatively low. According to World Bank, a mere 19.4 percent of the Chinese population had been living in urban areas in 1980. Since then, China’s urban population has skyrocketed. By 2024, about 67 percent of the Chinese population lived in urban areas. Regional urbanization rates In the last decades, urbanization has progressed greatly in every region of China. Even in most of the more remote Chinese provinces, the urbanization rate surpassed 50 percent in recent years. However, the most urbanized areas are still to be found in the coastal eastern and southern regions of China. The population of Shanghai, the largest city in China and the world’s seventh largest city ranged at around 24 million people in 2023. China’s urban areas are characterized by a developing middle class. Per capita disposable income of Chinese urban households has more than doubled between 2010 and 2020. The emerging middle class is expected to become a significant driver for the continuing growth of the Chinese economy.

China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population 2 - 4 Million data was reported at 46.000 Unit in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 44.000 Unit for 2019. China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population 2 - 4 Million data is updated yearly, averaging 31.000 Unit from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 46.000 Unit in 2020 and a record low of 22.000 Unit in 2003. China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population 2 - 4 Million data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: No of Prefecture Level City by Population.

Forecast: Population in Urban Agglomerations of More Than 1 Million People in China 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Population: This dataset contains 65-years’ time serial data of whole China (unit: million persons), each provinces (unit: 10000 persons), and each county. The source data are originally collected from China Statistical Yearbook from 1949 to 2013. The county data covers 2000, 2006, 2007, and 2009. In addition, 4 years (1995, 2000, 2005, 2010) population distributions cover the whole land region in China are also included in this dataset. Such data is expressed as raster format with 1 km resolution and a projection of Albers. Attribute information mainly includes population density (unit: number of person per square kilometer). The source data are originally provided by Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC) (http://www.resdc.cn) and Data Sharing Infrastructure of Earth System Science (http://www.geodata.cn).These data are not intended for demarcation.

Key information about Hong Kong SAR (China) population

• The Hong Kong SAR (China) population reached 7.5 million people in Dec 2024, compared with the previously reported figure of 7.5 million people in Dec 2023
• The data reached an all-time high of 7.5 million people in Dec 2024 and a record low of 3.2 million people in Dec 1961

• In the latest reports, Hong Kong SAR (China) Unemployment Rate remained the same at 3.1 % in Jan 2025
• Monthly earnings of the Hong Kong SAR (China) population was 2,426.6 USD in Sep 2024
• Hong Kong SAR (China) Labour Force Participation Rate remained the same rate at 56.9 % in Jan 2025

Social pull-push factors mainly fall into six categories: food, traffic, education, technology, health and medical conditions and human living conditions. Indicators of total grain product (Million tons), number of health agencies (units), number of beds in health care agencies (1000 beds), length of railways (10000 km), length of highways (10000 km), length of navigable inland waterways (10000 km), number of regular primary schools (units), number of higher education institutions (units), number of patent applications (units), per capita annual income of urban households (yuan), per capita annual income of rural households (yuan), Engel's coefficient of urban households (-), Engel's coefficient of rural households(-).Time serial data from 1949 to 2013 of whole China and all the provinces are included. All of data were collected from the China Statistical Yearbook from 1981 to 2014 and China Compendium of Statistics from 1949 to 2008.These data are not intended for demarcation.

China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population under 0.2 Million data was reported at 8.000 Unit in 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 8.000 Unit for 2019. China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population under 0.2 Million data is updated yearly, averaging 4.000 Unit from Dec 1978 (Median) to 2020, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 49.000 Unit in 1978 and a record low of 2.000 Unit in 2013. China Number of Prefecture Level City: Population under 0.2 Million data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: No of Prefecture Level City by Population.

According to the 2010 UN Global Demographic Outlook, the world’s population reached 7.1 billion as of 1 July 2012. Asia accounted for the majority of the world’s population (just over 60 % in 2012), with 4.25 billion inhabitants, while Africa was the second most populous continent, with 1.07 billion inhabitants, or 15.2 % of the world’s total. By comparison, the EU had 504 million inhabitants in 2012, just over 7 % of the world’s population. In 2012, the world’s most populous countries were China (19.2 % of the world’s population) and India (17.8 %), followed by the United States (4.5 %), Indonesia (3.5 %) and Brazil (2.8 %).

The table contains the demographic projections of the main European countries from 2020 to 2080. The Eurostat table has been modified by economy-policy in order to obtain better visibility. Indeed, the number of inhabitants is expressed in “million inhabitants” and not in unit data.
In addition, demographic projections for China, India, Brazil and Russia were added for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050.