The region of present-day China has historically been the most populous region in the world; however, its population development has fluctuated throughout history. In 2022, China was overtaken as the most populous country in the world, and current projections suggest its population is heading for a rapid decline in the coming decades. Transitions of power lead to mortality The source suggests that conflict, and the diseases brought with it, were the major obstacles to population growth throughout most of the Common Era, particularly during transitions of power between various dynasties and rulers. It estimates that the total population fell by approximately 30 million people during the 14th century due to the impact of Mongol invasions, which inflicted heavy losses on the northern population through conflict, enslavement, food instability, and the introduction of bubonic plague. Between 1850 and 1870, the total population fell once more, by more than 50 million people, through further conflict, famine and disease; the most notable of these was the Taiping Rebellion, although the Miao an Panthay Rebellions, and the Dungan Revolt, also had large death tolls. The third plague pandemic also originated in Yunnan in 1855, which killed approximately two million people in China. 20th and 21st centuries There were additional conflicts at the turn of the 20th century, which had significant geopolitical consequences for China, but did not result in the same high levels of mortality seen previously. It was not until the overlapping Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) and Second World War (1937-1945) where the death tolls reached approximately 10 and 20 million respectively. Additionally, as China attempted to industrialize during the Great Leap Forward (1958-1962), economic and agricultural mismanagement resulted in the deaths of tens of millions (possibly as many as 55 million) in less than four years, during the Great Chinese Famine. This mortality is not observable on the given dataset, due to the rapidity of China's demographic transition over the entire period; this saw improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and infrastructure result in sweeping changes across the population. The early 2020s marked some significant milestones in China's demographics, where it was overtaken by India as the world's most populous country, and its population also went into decline. Current projections suggest that China is heading for a "demographic disaster", as its rapidly aging population is placing significant burdens on China's economy, government, and society. In stark contrast to the restrictive "one-child policy" of the past, the government has introduced a series of pro-fertility incentives for couples to have larger families, although the impact of these policies are yet to materialize. If these current projections come true, then China's population may be around half its current size by the end of the century.

Total current population for China in 2025 is 1,424,381,924, a 0.06% decline from 2024.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Total population for China in 2024 was <strong>1,425,178,782</strong>, a <strong>1.03% increase</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>Total population for China in 2023 was <strong>1,410,710,000</strong>, a <strong>0.1% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>Total population for China in 2022 was <strong>1,412,175,000</strong>, a <strong>0.01% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.

According to latest figures, the Chinese population decreased by 1.39 million to around 1.408 billion people in 2024. After decades of rapid growth, China arrived at the turning point of its demographic development in 2022, which was earlier than expected. The annual population decrease is estimated to remain at moderate levels until around 2030 but to accelerate thereafter. Population development in China China had for a long time been the country with the largest population worldwide, but according to UN estimates, it has been overtaken by India in 2023. As the population in India is still growing, the country is very likely to remain being home of the largest population on earth in the near future. Due to several mechanisms put into place by the Chinese government as well as changing circumstances in the working and social environment of the Chinese people, population growth has subsided over the past decades, displaying an annual population growth rate of -0.1 percent in 2024. Nevertheless, compared to the world population in total, China held a share of about 17 percent of the overall global population in 2024. China's aging population In terms of demographic developments, the birth control efforts of the Chinese government had considerable effects on the demographic pyramid in China. Upon closer examination of the age distribution, a clear trend of an aging population becomes visible. In order to curb the negative effects of an aging population, the Chinese government abolished the one-child policy in 2015, which had been in effect since 1979, and introduced a three-child policy in May 2021. However, many Chinese parents nowadays are reluctant to have a second or third child, as is the case in most of the developed countries in the world. The number of births in China varied in the years following the abolishment of the one-child policy, but did not increase considerably. Among the reasons most prominent for parents not having more children are the rising living costs and costs for child care, growing work pressure, a growing trend towards self-realization and individualism, and changing social behaviors.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Shanghai, China metro area from 1950 to 2025.

The earliest point where scientists can make reasonable estimates for the population of global regions is around 10,000 years before the Common Era (or 12,000 years ago). Estimates suggest that Asia has consistently been the most populated continent, and the least populated continent has generally been Oceania (although it was more heavily populated than areas such as North America in very early years). Population growth was very slow, but an increase can be observed between most of the given time periods. There were, however, dips in population due to pandemics, the most notable of these being the impact of plague in Eurasia in the 14th century, and the impact of European contact with the indigenous populations of the Americas after 1492, where it took almost four centuries for the population of Latin America to return to its pre-1500 level. The world's population first reached one billion people in 1803, which also coincided with a spike in population growth, due to the onset of the demographic transition. This wave of growth first spread across the most industrially developed countries in the 19th century, and the correlation between demographic development and industrial or economic maturity continued until today, with Africa being the final major region to begin its transition in the late-1900s.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of China township by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for China township. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of China township by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in China township. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for China township.

Key observations

Largest age group (population): Male # 10-14 years (200) | Female # 5-9 years (220). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the China township population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the China township is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the China township is shown in the following column.
• Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in China township for each age group.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for China township Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

Until the 1800s, population growth was incredibly slow on a global level. The global population was estimated to have been around 188 million people in the year 1CE, and did not reach one billion until around 1803. However, since the 1800s, a phenomenon known as the demographic transition has seen population growth skyrocket, reaching eight billion people in 2023, and this is expected to peak at over 10 billion in the 2080s.

In 2024, there were around 719 million male inhabitants and 689 million female inhabitants living in China, amounting to around 1.41 billion people in total. China's total population decreased for the first time in decades in 2022, and population decline is expected to accelerate in the upcoming years. Birth control in China From the beginning of the 1970s on, having many children was no longer encouraged in mainland China. The one-child policy was then introduced in 1979 to control the total size of the Chinese population. According to the one-child policy, a married couple was only allowed to have one child. With the time, modifications were added to the policy, for example parents living in rural areas were allowed to have a second child if the first was a daughter, and most ethnic minorities were excepted from the policy. Population ageing The birth control led to a decreasing birth rate in China and a more skewed gender ratio of new births due to boy preference. Since the negative economic and social effects of an aging population were more and more felt in China, the one-child policy was considered an obstacle for the country’s further economic development. Since 2014, the one-child policy has been gradually relaxed and fully eliminated at the end of 2015. However, many young Chinese people are not willing to have more children due to high costs of raising a child, especially in urban areas.

In the past four centuries, the population of the United States has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony of Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 331 million people in 2020. The pre-colonization populations of the indigenous peoples of the Americas have proven difficult for historians to estimate, as their numbers decreased rapidly following the introduction of European diseases (namely smallpox, plague and influenza). Native Americans were also omitted from most censuses conducted before the twentieth century, therefore the actual population of what we now know as the United States would have been much higher than the official census data from before 1800, but it is unclear by how much. Population growth in the colonies throughout the eighteenth century has primarily been attributed to migration from the British Isles and the Transatlantic slave trade; however it is also difficult to assert the ethnic-makeup of the population in these years as accurate migration records were not kept until after the 1820s, at which point the importation of slaves had also been illegalized. Nineteenth century In the year 1800, it is estimated that the population across the present-day United States was around six million people, with the population in the 16 admitted states numbering at 5.3 million. Migration to the United States began to happen on a large scale in the mid-nineteenth century, with the first major waves coming from Ireland, Britain and Germany. In some aspects, this wave of mass migration balanced out the demographic impacts of the American Civil War, which was the deadliest war in U.S. history with approximately 620 thousand fatalities between 1861 and 1865. The civil war also resulted in the emancipation of around four million slaves across the south; many of whose ancestors would take part in the Great Northern Migration in the early 1900s, which saw around six million black Americans migrate away from the south in one of the largest demographic shifts in U.S. history. By the end of the nineteenth century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily throughout the past 120 years, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. In the past century, the U.S. established itself as a global superpower, with the world's largest economy (by nominal GDP) and most powerful military. Involvement in foreign wars has resulted in over 620,000 further U.S. fatalities since the Civil War, and migration fell drastically during the World Wars and Great Depression; however the population continuously grew in these years as the total fertility rate remained above two births per woman, and life expectancy increased (except during the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918).

Since the Second World War, Latin America has replaced Europe as the most common point of origin for migrants, with Hispanic populations growing rapidly across the south and border states. Because of this, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites, which has been the most dominant ethnicity in the U.S. since records began, has dropped more rapidly in recent decades. Ethnic minorities also have a much higher birth rate than non-Hispanic whites, further contributing to this decline, and the share of non-Hispanic whites is expected to fall below fifty percent of the U.S. population by the mid-2000s. In 2020, the United States has the third-largest population in the world (after China and India), and the population is expected to reach four hundred million in the 2050s.

This point shapefile represents the locations of townships with 2000 Population Census Data, 9.95% Long Form data, table L7-L8) for the Hainan Sheng province of China for 2000. These data are represented at 1:1,000,000 scale. This layer is part of the China 2000 township population census dataset.

Sinocalycanthus chinensis Cheng et S. Y. Chang (Calycanthaceae), which has a unique systematic status, is listed as a national second-class protected plants of China . In this study, the genetic diversity, performance, and fitness of F1 progeny from crosses between the Damingshan (DMS) population of Sinocalycanthus chinensis and pollen parents from the Daleishan (DLS) and Longxushan (LXS) populations were examined. The DLS population has a relatively small population size, low genetic diversity, and considerable geographical and genetic distances from the DMS population relative to the LXS population. Compared with naturally occurring seeds, DLS-sired seeds had the highest thousand-seed weight, starch content, fat content, germination rate, germination index, and emergence rate, but the lowest protein content. Naturally occurring, open-pollinated seeds had the lowest thousand-seed weight, starch content, and fat content, but the highest protein content. Compared with natural F1 progeny, DMS × DLS seedlings had the highest genetic diversity, photosynthetic parameters, and growth characteristics, except for leaf mass ratio and stem mass ratio. Under strong light, DMS × DLS seedlings exhibited a Fv/Fm value of 0.75, while the other two seedling types exhibited Fv/Fm values of 0.65. DLS-sired seeds had the most vigorous growth characteristics except for leaf mass ratio and stem mass ratio. These results suggest that genetic rescue by transplanting seedlings from the DLS population or hand pollination with pollen from the DLS population would be effective methods to reduce inbreeding depression and obtain strong offspring with high genetic diversity and fitness in the DMS population. Methods Pollen sources Plants from two S. chinensis populations located at two sites with different population sizes, levels of genetic diversity, and the relative geographical and genetic distances from the DMS seed parent were used as the pollen parents. One is located at Longxushan Mountain (LXS) in Anhui Province, China; this population is small with relatively high genetic diversity and with short geographical and low genetic distances from the DMS population (Table 1). This S. chinensis population is also within an evergreen broad-leaved forest. The main accompanying species are Litsea coreana var. sinensis, Symplocos setchuensi and Platycarya strobilacea. The other pollen parent population is located at Daleishan Mountain (DLS) in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province, China, and it is a medium-sized population located a long geographical distance from the DMS population (Table 1). This S. chinensis population is located among shrubs within a valley. The main accompanying species are Camellia cuspidate, Spiraea salicifolia, Corylopsis sinensis, Rhododendron simsii, Actinidia chinensis, and Sargentodoxa cuneata. The DLS S. chinensis plants occur in the canopy and are intertwined with A. chinensis and S. cuneata. Hand pollination and seed collection Mature S. chinensis plants were selected as pollen donors. In May 2009, when the stigmas of S. chinensis flowers in DMS had matured, pollens were collected from flowers on 20 mature S. chinensis individuals in the LXS and DLS populations using Chinese brushes and stored in sterile plastic tubes. The pollen samples were maintained at 4°C and quickly transported to Damingshan Mountain, where the hand pollination was conducted with the DMS population. Pollen was transferred to DMS stigmas within 6 h. 30 mature individual plants in the DMS population were hand-pollinated with an average of 100 flowers per treatment. Each plant was randomly assigned to a crossing treatment and in total of 200 flowers were performed. All hand-pollinated stigmas were saturated with pollen. To exclude natural pollinators, plants were bagged with fine nylon mesh before flowering. Each hand-pollinated flower was also emasculated before the stigma became receptive to prevent selfing. Pollen was transferred directly from donor flower anthers onto receptive stigmas until the stigmas were saturated. The date was selected to ensure that each flower was encountered at the onset of its stigmatic surface receptivity. 30 naturally open pollinated DMS plants were selected as the control (Bossuyt, 2007; Holme, James & Hoffmann, 2008). Fitness measurement Fitness of the F1 progeny was defined as the relative reproductive success of a genotype as measured by survival, fecundity and other life history parameters (Molina-Montenegro et al., 2013) and was indicated by seed number per fruit, seed weight, seed size germination days, total germination rate, seedling emergence rate (Baker, Richards & Tremayne, 1994) and seedling biomass (Du, Yang, Guan & Li, 2016). In October 2009, S. chinensis fruits were collected and air-dried, and seeds were collected from the dried fruits. Thousand-seed weights were measured using an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.0001 g. The starch, lipid, and protein contents of seeds were measured using anthrone–sulfuric acid colorimetric, Soxhlet extractor, and UV-spectrophotometric methods, respectively (Song, Cheng, Jiang, Long & Huang, 2008). In March, 2010, DMS × DLS (pollen) seeds (hereafter, DLSH), DMS × LXS (pollen) seeds (hereafter, LXSH), and control seeds were germinated in an illuminated incubator (Jiangnan Instrument Inc., Ningbo, China) with 30/15°C and 12 h/12 h light/dark cycles at 80% humidity. Seeds were immersed in H2SO4 for 3 min, rinsed with sterilized water, and surface sterilized with 70% ethanol. Seeds were immersed in sterilized water and incubated at 28ºC for 2 days. Fifty seeds were placed into 3-mm deep silicon sand. Seeds were covered with moist filter paper to prevent them from drying out. Three replicates were used with a total of 150 seeds for each treatment. Seeds were considered to be germinated when their radicle length exceeded 2 mm (Hussain, Aljaloud, Alshammafy, Karimulla & Al-Aswad, 1997), and germination was recorded daily for 100 days. Germination-related indices were calculated as follows, according to previously described methods (Cai, 2008): (i) germination days were recorded as the number of days after sowing when the seeds begin germinating; (ii) total germination rate (%) = total number of germinated seeds on the 100th day / total number of seeds used for germination experiment × 100 %. In March 2010, S. chinensis seeds of F1 DLSH, F1 LXSH, and control progeny were immersed in H2SO4 for 3 min, rinsed with sterilized water, and surface sterilized with 70% ethanol. Seeds were immersed in sterilized water and incubated at 28ºC for 2 days. Seeds were planted 2-cm deep into soil-filled pots. Three seeds were planted per pot, and a total of 50 pots were used for each treatment. Sufficient tap water was added every day. One hundred days after planting, the seedling emergence rate was defined as the percentage of healthy seedlings that emerged, with a hypocotyl appearing on or above the soil surface (Demir & Mavi, 2004; Bolek, 2010). After the performance measurement described below, plants were harvested and divided into leaves, stems, and roots. Plant material was oven-dried at 105°C for 1 h and then at 80°C until a constant weight was reached. The leaf, stem, and root biomasses were weighed with a balance to an accuracy of 0.1 mg, and the total biomass of seedlings was subsequently calculated. Seedling photosynthetic physiological performance measurement In May 2010, healthy F1 DLSH, FI LXSH, and control seedlings were transplanted into pots, with each pot containing one seedling. In August 2010, we conducted in-situ photosynthetic trait measurements on a sunny day using a mature middle leaflet at the same position across plants, using a GFS-3000 Portable Gas Exchange Fluorescence System (Heinz Walz GmbH, Effeltrich, Germany). The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was maintained at 800 μmol m-2 s-1 using a red-blue LED light source, and the temperature was maintained at 25°C with a relative humidity of 70% inside the leaf measurement chamber. The CO2 concentration within the chamber was maintained at 400 µmol mol-1. We recorded the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) between 08:30 and 11:30. Three leaves per plant were chosen, and six consecutive measurements were performed (Li, Liao, Guan, Wang & Zhang, 2012). To construct light response curves, we obtained all photosynthesis measurements between 09:30 and 11:00 (Beijing time) on a mature leaf from each plant with a leaf temperature of 25°C, a CO2 concentration of 400 ppm, and a relative humidity of 70%. We used a red-blue LED light source attached to the system to produce steady photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Prior to the measurements, we allowed the mature leaf to acclimate under a PAR of 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 for 30 min to avoid photo-inhibition. As soon as the value stabilized, we exposed the leaves to a series of PAR values for 20 min or so in the following order: 2000, 1500, 1200, 1000, 800, 600, 400, 200, 100, 50, 20 and 0 μmol m-2 s-1. The temporal interval between each concentration was 3 min. We fitted the entire photosynthetic light response curve in Origin 8.0 (OriginLab, Northampton, MA, USA) as a binary linear equation by calculating the maximum of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) as Pmax. We utilized the following definitions. The light intensity at the maximum Pn value (Pmax) was defined as the light saturation point (LSP). The light intensity at a zero Pn value was defined as the light compensation point (LCP). The Pn at a maximum PAR of zero was defined as the dark respiration point (Rd). Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under strong light (1200 μmol photons m-2 s-1) were measured between 12:00 and 14:00 with a portable chlorophyll fluorometer (OS30P, Opti-Science Inc., Hudson, NH, USA). Measurements were performed on the third undamaged adult leaf from the top of

In 2024, about 943.5 million people lived in urban regions in China and 464.8 million in rural. That year, the country had a total population of approximately 1.41 billion people. As of 2024, China was the second most populous country in the world. Urbanization in China Urbanization refers to the process by which people move from rural to urban areas and how a society adapts to the population shift. It is usually seen as a driving force in economic growth, accompanied by industrialization, modernization and the spread of education. Urbanization levels tend to be higher in industrial countries, whereas the degree of urbanization in developing countries remains relatively low. According to World Bank, a mere 19.4 percent of the Chinese population had been living in urban areas in 1980. Since then, China’s urban population has skyrocketed. By 2024, about 67 percent of the Chinese population lived in urban areas. Regional urbanization rates In the last decades, urbanization has progressed greatly in every region of China. Even in most of the more remote Chinese provinces, the urbanization rate surpassed 50 percent in recent years. However, the most urbanized areas are still to be found in the coastal eastern and southern regions of China. The population of Shanghai, the largest city in China and the world’s seventh largest city ranged at around 24 million people in 2023. China’s urban areas are characterized by a developing middle class. Per capita disposable income of Chinese urban households has more than doubled between 2010 and 2020. The emerging middle class is expected to become a significant driver for the continuing growth of the Chinese economy.

Distribution range expansion is one of the most significant consequences of climate change in the Anthropocene. During range expansion, the former biogeographic barrier can be broken and then a new biogeographic pattern might appear. A comprehensive study, including demographic pattern, physiological performance and genetic features, is crucial for understanding how the expanding population occupies and survives in the new habitat, within which it formerly did not occur. In the present study, we investigated the demographic, physiological, and genetic features of the intertidal gastropod Nerita yoldii, which has extended its northern limit by ~200 km into areas that are warming up faster than the historical distribution over the former biogeographic break of the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) during recent decades. The neutral SNPs data showed that the new marginal populations formed a distinct cluster established by a few founders. Demographic modeling analysis revealed that the...

In 1800, the population of Japan was just over 30 million, a figure which would grow by just two million in the first half of the 19th century. However, with the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of the emperor in the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japan would begin transforming from an isolated feudal island, to a modernized empire built on Western models. The Meiji period would see a rapid rise in the population of Japan, as industrialization and advancements in healthcare lead to a significant reduction in child mortality rates, while the creation overseas colonies would lead to a strong economic boom. However, this growth would slow beginning in 1937, as Japan entered a prolonged war with the Republic of China, which later grew into a major theater of the Second World War. The war was eventually brought to Japan's home front, with the escalation of Allied air raids on Japanese urban centers from 1944 onwards (Tokyo was the most-bombed city of the Second World War). By the war's end in 1945 and the subsequent occupation of the island by the Allied military, Japan had suffered over two and a half million military fatalities, and over one million civilian deaths.

The population figures of Japan were quick to recover, as the post-war “economic miracle” would see an unprecedented expansion of the Japanese economy, and would lead to the country becoming one of the first fully industrialized nations in East Asia. As living standards rose, the population of Japan would increase from 77 million in 1945, to over 127 million by the end of the century. However, growth would begin to slow in the late 1980s, as birth rates and migration rates fell, and Japan eventually grew to have one of the oldest populations in the world. The population would peak in 2008 at just over 128 million, but has consistently fallen each year since then, as the fertility rate of the country remains below replacement level (despite government initiatives to counter this) and the country's immigrant population remains relatively stable. The population of Japan is expected to continue its decline in the coming years, and in 2020, it is estimated that approximately 126 million people inhabit the island country.

China is a vast and diverse country and population density in different regions varies greatly. In 2023, the estimated population density of the administrative area of Shanghai municipality reached about 3,922 inhabitants per square kilometer, whereas statistically only around three people were living on one square kilometer in Tibet. Population distribution in China China's population is unevenly distributed across the country: while most people are living in the southeastern half of the country, the northwestern half – which includes the provinces and autonomous regions of Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia – is only sparsely populated. Even the inhabitants of a single province might be unequally distributed within its borders. This is significantly influenced by the geography of each region, and is especially the case in the Guangdong, Fujian, or Sichuan provinces due to their mountain ranges. The Chinese provinces with the largest absolute population size are Guangdong in the south, Shandong in the east and Henan in Central China. Urbanization and city population Urbanization is one of the main factors which have been reshaping China over the last four decades. However, when comparing the size of cities and urban population density, one has to bear in mind that data often refers to the administrative area of cities or urban units, which might be much larger than the contiguous built-up area of that city. The administrative area of Beijing municipality, for example, includes large rural districts, where only around 200 inhabitants are living per square kilometer on average, while roughly 20,000 residents per square kilometer are living in the two central city districts. This is the main reason for the huge difference in population density between the four Chinese municipalities Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing shown in many population statistics.

The Minecraft China Edition game has been downloaded more than 425 million since its release date.

Background: Some studies have shown that the base excision repair (BER) pathway has an effect on HIV-1 replication. APEX1 and XRCC1 as key BER genes may affect DNA repair capacity. However, the roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in APEX1 and XRCC1 and their impact on HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression remain unclear.Methods: A custom-designed 48-Plex SNPscan Kit was used for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms. 601 HIV-1-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and 624 age-matched healthy individuals were recruited in northern China. Four SNPs (rs1130409, rs1760944, rs2307486 and rs3136817) in APEX1 gene and three SNPs (rs1001581, rs25487 and rs25489) in XRCC1 gene were genotyped. The generalized multifactor dimension reduction (GMDR) method was used to identify the SNP-SNP interactions.Results: In this study, rs1130409 G allele, rs1001581 C allele and rs25487 C allele were associated with a higher risk of HIV-1 infection susceptibility (p = 0.020, p = 0.007 and p = 0.032, respectively). The frequencies of APEX1 haplotype TT and XRCC1 haplotype CT showed significant differences between cases and controls (p = 0.0372 and p = 0.0189, respectively). Interestingly, stratified analysis showed that the frequency of rs1001581 C allele was significantly higher in AIDS patients with the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count 200 cells/μl (p = 0.022). Moreover, significant gene-gene interactions among rs1130409, rs1001581 and rs25487 were identified by GMDR (p = 0.0107). Specially, individuals with five to six risk alleles have a higher susceptibility to HIV-1 infection than those with zero to two risk alleles (p < 0.001).Conclusion:APEX1 and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression in MSM populations in northern China.

In 2024, the average number of children born per 1,000 people in China ranged at ****. The birth rate has dropped considerably since 2016, and the number of births fell below the number of deaths in 2022 for the first time in decades, leading to a negative population growth rate. Recent development of the birth rate Similar to most East-Asian countries and territories, demographics in China today are characterized by a very low fertility rate. As low fertility in the long-term limits economic growth and leads to heavy strains on the pension and health systems, the Chinese government decided to support childbirth by gradually relaxing strict birth control measures, that had been in place for three decades. However, the effect of this policy change was considerably smaller than expected. The birth rate increased from **** births per 1,000 inhabitants in 2010 to ***** births in 2012 and remained on a higher level for a couple of years, but then dropped again to a new low in 2018. This illustrates that other factors constrain the number of births today. These factors are most probably similar to those experienced in other developed countries as well: women preferring career opportunities over maternity, high costs for bringing up children, and changed social norms, to name only the most important ones. Future demographic prospects Between 2020 and 2023, the birth rate in China dropped to formerly unknown lows, most probably influenced by the coronavirus pandemic. As all COVID-19 restrictions were lifted by the end of 2022, births figures showed a catch-up effect in 2024. However, the scope of the rebound might be limited. A population breakdown by five-year age groups indicates that the drop in the number of births is also related to a shrinking number of people with child-bearing age. The age groups between 15 and 29 years today are considerably smaller than those between 30 and 44, leaving less space for the birth rate to increase. This effect is exacerbated by a considerable gender gap within younger age groups in China, with the number of females being much lower than that of males.

The number of internet users aged below 20 years in China has surpassed 200 million since December 2022, representing about 18.7 percent of the country's internet population. A batch of new regulations came into effect on January 1, 2024, calling for tech companies, schools, and local authorities to protect minors from internet violence, addiction, and other cyber dangers.

In 2024, China reported adding ** million new users to its massive *** billion internet population. The first half-year data in 2024 revealed that nearly *****of the new internet users were between 10 and 18 years old, while a ***** were older adults aged above 50 years. The largest online community In 2023, China accounted for about ********* of the *** billion internet users worldwide. However, compared to its total population, China’s internet penetration rate is lower than in other Asian countries. Penetration rates in both South Korea and Japan were significantly higher. The market potential Internet usage in China is further characterized by a large regional discrepancy. In rural regions, the internet access rate is much lower than the national level. On the other side, the Chinese market is a mobile-first nation. Since 2014, more Chinese people have accessed the internet via mobile devices than computers. The number of mobile internet users in China increased steadily over the previous decade.