As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

The value of U.S. Treasury securities held by residents of Russia amounted to ** million U.S. dollars in March 2025, marking a stark contrast to ***** billion U.S. dollars held in January 2020. The lowest over the period under consideration was recorded in November 2023 at ** million U.S. dollars. Furthermore, in March 2020, the figure plummeted to **** billion U.S. dollars, down from **** billion U.S. dollars one month prior. Russia’s holdings of U.S. treasury securities have decreased since 2014 following the Western sanctions over the annexation of Crimea and have further dropped in 2022 after more restrictions were imposed over the war in Ukraine. What are U.S. treasury holdings? U.S. treasury holdings are government debt instruments that contribute to the funding of various government projects in the country. The U.S. Department of Treasury allows individuals and organizations to invest in treasury notes, bills, and bonds, which are the main three types of securities. Just under half of the outstanding ** trillion U.S. dollars as of May 2024 were in the form of treasury notes. The notes have varying maturities and coupon payment frequencies, which are different from the maturity periods of treasury bills and bonds. Main foreign holders of U.S. treasury securities Foreign holdings of U.S. treasury debt amounted to ***** trillion U.S. dollars as of January 2024. Japan and China held the largest portions, with China possessing ***** billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. Additionally, other significant foreign holders included oil exporting countries and Caribbean banking centers.

The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield held steady at 1.83% on December 2, 2025. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.07 points, though it remains 0.16 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Foreign and International Investors (FDHBFIN) from Q1 1970 to Q2 2025 about foreign, debt, federal, and USA.

In June 2025, the average yield on ten-year government bonds in the United States was **** percent. This was the ******* of the selected developed economies considered in this statistic. Bonds and yields – additional information The bond yield indicates the level of return that the investor can expect from a given type of bond. The government of Italy, for instance, offered the investors **** percent yield on ten-year government bonds for borrowing their money in June 2025. In the United States, government needs are also financed by selling various debt instruments such as Treasury bills, notes, bonds and savings bonds to investors. The largest holders of U.S. debt are the Federal Reserve and Government accounts in the United States. The major foreign holders of the United States treasury securities are Japan, Mainland China, and the United Kingdom.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for United States (IRLTLT01USM156N) from Apr 1953 to Oct 2025 about long-term, 10-year, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

The graph shows national debt in China related to gross domestic product until 2024, with forecasts to 2030. In 2024, gross national debt ranged at around 88 percent of the national gross domestic product. The debt-to-GDP ratio In economics, the ratio between a country's government debt and its gross domestic product (GDP) is generally defined as the debt-to-GDP ratio. It is a useful indicator for investors to measure a country's ability to fulfill future payments on its debts. A low debt-to-GDP ratio also suggests that an economy produces and sells a sufficient amount of goods and services to pay back those debts. Among the important industrial and emerging countries, Japan displayed one of the highest debt-to-GDP ratios. In 2024, the estimated national debt of Japan amounted to about 250 percent of its GDP, up from around 180 percent in 2004. One reason behind Japan's high debt load lies in its low annual GDP growth rate. Development in China China's national debt related to GDP grew slowly but steadily from around 23 percent in 2000 to 34 percent in 2012, only disrupted by the global financial crisis in 2008. In recent years, China increased credit financing to spur economic growth, resulting in higher levels of debt. China's real estate crisis and a difficult global economic environment require further stimulating measures by the government and will predictably lead to even higher debt growth in the years ahead.

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Securities Exchanges Market Size 2025-2029

The securities exchanges market size is forecast to increase by USD 56.67 billion at a CAGR of 12.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for investment opportunities. This trend is fueled by a global economic recovery and a rising interest in various asset classes, particularly in emerging markets. Another key driver is the increasing focus on sustainable and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing. This shift reflects a growing awareness of the importance of long-term value creation and the role of exchanges in facilitating socially responsible investments. This trend is driven by the expanding securities business units, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other securities, which cater to the needs of investment firms and individual investors. However, the market is not without challenges. Increasing market volatility poses a significant risk for exchanges and their clients.
Furthermore, the rapid digitization of trading and the emergence of alternative trading platforms are disrupting traditional exchange business models. To navigate these challenges, exchanges must adapt by investing in technology, expanding their product offerings, and building strong regulatory frameworks. Data analytics and big data are also crucial tools for e-brokerage firms to gain insights and make informed decisions. By doing so, they can capitalize on the market's growth potential and maintain their competitive edge. Geopolitical tensions, economic instability, and regulatory changes can all contribute to market fluctuations and uncertainty.

What will be the Size of the Securities Exchanges Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic market, financial instrument classification plays a crucial role in facilitating efficient trade matching through advanced execution quality metrics and order book liquidity. Quantitative trading models leverage options clearing corporation data to optimize portfolio holdings, while trade matching engines utilize high-speed data storage solutions and portfolio optimization algorithms to minimize latency and enhance market depth indicators. Data center infrastructure and network bandwidth capacity are essential components for supporting complex algorithmic trading strategies, including latency reduction and price volatility forecasting. Market impact measurement and risk assessment methodologies are integral to managing market impact and mitigating fraud, ensuring regulatory compliance through transaction reporting standards and regulatory compliance software.

Exchange traded funds (ETFs) have gained popularity, necessitating robust quote dissemination systems and trade surveillance analytics. Server virtualization and cybersecurity threat mitigation strategies further strengthen the market's resilience, enabling seamless integration of data-driven quantitative models and sophisticated fraud detection algorithms. Additionally, users of online trading platforms can easily monitor the performance of their assets thanks to real-time stock data.

How is this Securities Exchanges Industry segmented?

The securities exchanges industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Service

  Market platforms
  Capital access platforms
  Others


Trade Finance Instruments

  Equities
  Derivatives
  Bonds
  Exchange-traded funds
  Others


Type

  Large-cap exchanges
  Mid-cap exchanges
  Small-cap exchanges


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  APAC

    China
    Hong Kong
    India
    Japan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Service Insights

The Market platforms segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market is characterized by advanced technologies and systems that enable efficient price discovery, manage settlement risk, and ensure regulatory compliance. Market platforms, which include trading platforms, order-matching systems, and market data dissemination, hold the largest share of the market. These platforms facilitate the buying and selling of securities, providing market liquidity and transparency. Real-time market surveillance and high-frequency trading infrastructure are crucial components, ensuring fair and orderly markets and enabling efficient trade execution. Financial modeling techniques and algorithmic trading platforms optimize trading strategies, while electronic communication networks and central counterparty clearing minimize r

Debt-To-Equity-Ratio Time Series for Rogers Corporation. Rogers Corporation designs, develops, manufactures, and sells engineered materials and components in the United States, other Americas, China, other Asia Pacific countries, Germany, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. It operates through Advanced Electronics Solutions (AES), Elastomeric Material Solutions (EMS), and Other segments. The AES segment offers circuit materials, ceramic substrate materials, busbars, and cooling solutions for applications in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, automotive, aerospace and defense, renewable energy, wireless infrastructure, mass transit, industrial, connected devices, and wired infrastructure markets. This segment sells its products under the curamik, ROLINX, RO4000 series, RO3000 series, RT/duroid, CLTE series, TMM, AD series, DiClad series, CuClad series, Kappa, COOLSPAN, TC series, IsoClad series, MAGTREX, IM series, 2929 Bondply, SpeedWave Prepreg, RO4400/RO4400T series, and Radix trade names. The EMS segment provides engineered material solutions, including polyurethane and silicone materials used in cushioning, gasketing, sealing, and vibration management applications; customized silicones used in flex heater and semiconductor thermal applications; and polytetrafluoroethylene and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene materials used in wire and cable protection, electrical insulation, conduction and shielding, hose and belt protection, vibration management, cushioning, gasketing and sealing, and venting applications. This segment sells its products under the PORON, BISCO, DeWAL, ARLON, eSorba, XRD, Silicone Engineering, and R/bak trade names. The Other segment offers elastomer components under the ENDUR trade name for applications in the general industrial market, as well as elastomer floats under the NITROPHYL trade name for level sensing in fuel tanks, motors, and storage tanks applications in the general industrial and automotive markets. The company was founded in 1832 and is headquartered in Chandler, Arizona.

Between 2014 and 2023, the United States was the leading country in terms of issuance of green bonds, with *** billion U.S. dollars. China was second in the ranking, followed by Germany. While France ranked fourth number and supranational green bonds value was the fifth highest.

Short-Term-Debt Time Series for Kulicke and Soffa Industries Inc. Kulicke and Soffa Industries, Inc. designs, manufactures, and sells capital equipment and consumables in China, the United States, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan, the Philippines, Korea, Hong Kong, and internationally. It operates through four segments: Ball Bonding Equipment, Wedge Bonding Equipment, Advanced Solutions, and Aftermarket Products and Services (APS). The company provides services used to assemble semiconductor devices, such as integrated circuits, power discretes, light-emitting diode (LEDs), and sensors. It also offers ball bonding equipment, wafer level bonding equipment, and wedge and wedge-related bonding equipment; and advanced display, die-attach, and thermocompression systems and solutions, as well as tools, spares, and services for equipment. In addition, the company services, maintains, repairs, and upgrades equipment; and sells consumable aftermarket solutions and services. It serves integrated device manufacturers, outsourced semiconductor assembly and test providers, other electronics manufacturers, foundry service providers, and automotive electronics suppliers primarily in the United States and the Asia/Pacific region. The company was founded in 1951 and is headquartered in Singapore.

Total-Long-Term-Debt Time Series for Applied Opt. Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. designs, manufactures, and sells fiber-optic networking products in the United States, Taiwan, and China. It offers optical modules, optical filters, lasers, laser components, subassemblies, transmitters and transceivers, turn-key equipment, headend, node, and distribution equipment, as well as amplifiers. The company sells its products to internet data center operators, cable television, telecom equipment manufacturers, fiber-to-the-home, and internet service providers through its direct and indirect sales channels. Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. was incorporated in 1997 and is headquartered in Sugar Land, Texas.

Total-Debt-To-Ebitda Time Series for Micron Technology Inc. Micron Technology, Inc. designs, develops, manufactures, and sells memory and storage products in the United States, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, Malaysia, China, India, and internationally. It operates through the Cloud Memory Business Unit (CMBU); Core Data Center Business Unit (CDCBU); Mobile and Client Business Unit (MCBU); and Automotive and Embedded Business Unit (AEBU) segments. The company provides memory products, including dynamic random access memory components and modules, CXL-based memory, LPDDR components and modules, graphics memory, high-bandwidth memory, and data center memory products; multichip packages (MCP) comprising embedded multimedia cards-based, universal flash storage-based, and NAND-based MCPs; and technology leadership products that include 1y DRAM and G9 NAND technologies. It also offers storage products, such as data center solid state drive (SSD), client SSD storage, and auto and industrial SSD storage; managed NAND; NAND flash; NOR flash; and memory cards. In addition, the company provides design tools, including FBGA and part decoder; DRAM power calculators; NAND power calculators; simulation models; chipset compatibility guides; serial presence-detection tools; cross-reference tools; UFSparm; SSD firmware; software and drivers; storage executive software; and obsolete part catalogs. It markets its semiconductor memory and storage products under the Micron and Crucial brands. The company serves the data center, PC, graphics, networking, automotive, industrial, and consumer embedded markets, as well as for smartphone and other mobile-device markets. It sells its products through its direct sales force, independent sales representatives, distributors, and retailers; web-based customer direct sales channel; and channel and distribution partners. Micron Technology, Inc. was founded in 1978 and is headquartered in Boise, Idaho.

Debt-To-Assets-Ratio Time Series for XCHG Limited American Depositary Share. XCHG Limited, together with its subsidiaries, engages in designing, manufacturing, and selling of electric vehicle (EV) chargers under the X-Charge brand name in Europe, the People's Republic of China, the United States, and internationally. The company offers direct current (DC) fast chargers under the C6 series and C7 series; and battery-integrated DC fast chargers under the Net Zero series and GridLink, as well as software system upgrades and hardware maintenance services. It serves EV manufacturers, energy players, and charge point operators. XCHG Limited was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Beijing, the People's Republic of China.

Debt-To-Capital-Ratio Time Series for Noritsu Koki Co Ltd. Noritsu Koki Co., Ltd. manufactures and sells audio equipment and peripheral products in Japan, China, the United States, Europe, Central and South America, the Middle East, Africa, and internationally. It operates through Manufacturing " Parts/Materials and Manufacturing - Audio Equipment Related segments. The company offers DJ and club equipment, such as flat-top DJ CD players under the Pioneer DJ and AlphaTheta brands; and headphones and earbuds for sports, work, children, and gaming applications under the JLab brand. It also provides pen nibs, cosmetics, and air freshener sticks; and metal parts for transportation and medical equipment. Noritsu Koki Co., Ltd. was founded in 1951 and is headquartered in Minato, Japan.

Long-Term-Debt Time Series for Osaka Titanium Tech Co Ltd. OSAKA Titanium technologies Co.,Ltd. manufactures and sells titanium products in Japan, the United States of America, China, and internationally. The company offers titanium sponges, titanium ingots, titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride aqueous solutions, and ferro-titanium products; and high-performance materials, including titanium powder, high-purity titanium, silicon monoxide, as well as gas-atomized titanium powder. Its products are used in aircraft and automobiles, LNG plants, seawater desalination plants, semiconductors, digital home appliances, and leisure and sporting goods industries. The company was formerly known as Sumitomo Titanium Corporation and changed its name to OSAKA Titanium technologies Co.,Ltd. in 2007. OSAKA Titanium technologies Co.,Ltd. was founded in 1952 and is headquartered in Amagasaki, Japan.

Long-Term-Debt Time Series for SL Corp. SL Corporation manufactures and sells automotive parts in South Korea, North America, China, India, Europe, South America, and internationally. The company offers lamp system products, such as head lamps, fog lamps, rear lamps, and center high mounted stop lamps; electrification modules, including auto and manual shifters, park brake levers, pedals, carrier spare tires, fuel filler caps, and tie rod ends; mirror system products, such as outside and inside mirrors; and front-end module parts, such as cooling products, horns, bumper beams, hood-latches, and sensors, as well as integrating sensor fusion products, battery management systems, and side body control modules. It also provides sales technical support services and solar power generation. The company was founded in 1954 and is headquartered in Daegu, South Korea.