As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

United States Gross Sales by Foreigners: China: US T Bonds & Notes data was reported at 5.552 USD bn in May 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 22.594 USD bn for Apr 2018. United States Gross Sales by Foreigners: China: US T Bonds & Notes data is updated monthly, averaging 2.563 USD bn from Jan 1977 (Median) to May 2018, with 497 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 66.332 USD bn in Aug 2011 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Feb 1985. United States Gross Sales by Foreigners: China: US T Bonds & Notes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z039: Foreign Purchases and Sales in Long Term Securities: Asian Countries.

The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield eased to 1.71% on August 1, 2025, marking a 0.03 percentage point decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.07 points, though it remains 0.41 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Holdings of US Treasury Securities data was reported at 784.300 USD bn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 760.802 USD bn for Jan 2025. Holdings of US Treasury Securities data is updated monthly, averaging 937.400 USD bn from Mar 2000 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 300 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,316.700 USD bn in Nov 2013 and a record low of 58.900 USD bn in Nov 2000. Holdings of US Treasury Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Department of the Treasury. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FF: Holdings of US Treasury Securities.

The value of U.S. Treasury securities held by residents of Russia amounted to ** million U.S. dollars in March 2025, marking a stark contrast to ***** billion U.S. dollars held in January 2020. The lowest over the period under consideration was recorded in November 2023 at ** million U.S. dollars. Furthermore, in March 2020, the figure plummeted to **** billion U.S. dollars, down from **** billion U.S. dollars one month prior. Russia’s holdings of U.S. treasury securities have decreased since 2014 following the Western sanctions over the annexation of Crimea and have further dropped in 2022 after more restrictions were imposed over the war in Ukraine. What are U.S. treasury holdings? U.S. treasury holdings are government debt instruments that contribute to the funding of various government projects in the country. The U.S. Department of Treasury allows individuals and organizations to invest in treasury notes, bills, and bonds, which are the main three types of securities. Just under half of the outstanding ** trillion U.S. dollars as of May 2024 were in the form of treasury notes. The notes have varying maturities and coupon payment frequencies, which are different from the maturity periods of treasury bills and bonds. Main foreign holders of U.S. treasury securities Foreign holdings of U.S. treasury debt amounted to ***** trillion U.S. dollars as of January 2024. Japan and China held the largest portions, with China possessing ***** billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. Additionally, other significant foreign holders included oil exporting countries and Caribbean banking centers.

United States Gross Purchases by Foreigners: China: US T Bonds & Notes data was reported at 14.512 USD bn in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 18.034 USD bn for Aug 2018. United States Gross Purchases by Foreigners: China: US T Bonds & Notes data is updated monthly, averaging 3.055 USD bn from Jan 1977 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 501 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56.126 USD bn in Sep 2011 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Feb 1985. United States Gross Purchases by Foreigners: China: US T Bonds & Notes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.Z039: Foreign Purchases and Sales in Long Term Securities: Asian Countries.

In June 2025, the average yield on ten-year government bonds in the United States was **** percent. This was the ******* of the selected developed economies considered in this statistic. Bonds and yields – additional information The bond yield indicates the level of return that the investor can expect from a given type of bond. The government of Italy, for instance, offered the investors **** percent yield on ten-year government bonds for borrowing their money in June 2025. In the United States, government needs are also financed by selling various debt instruments such as Treasury bills, notes, bonds and savings bonds to investors. The largest holders of U.S. debt are the Federal Reserve and Government accounts in the United States. The major foreign holders of the United States treasury securities are Japan, Mainland China, and the United Kingdom.

China Bond Settlement: OTC: Spot: Sell: GB data was reported at 75.000 RMB mn in Mar 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 65.000 RMB mn for Feb 2013. China Bond Settlement: OTC: Spot: Sell: GB data is updated monthly, averaging 139.000 RMB mn from Jun 2002 (Median) to Mar 2013, with 130 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 825.000 RMB mn in Jul 2009 and a record low of 16.000 RMB mn in Jul 2003. China Bond Settlement: OTC: Spot: Sell: GB data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZD: CCDC: Bond Settlement: OTC Spot.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Foreign and International Investors (FDHBFIN) from Q1 1970 to Q1 2025 about foreign, debt, federal, and USA.

China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: Securities Company data was reported at 2,104,365.260 RMB mn in Feb 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,615,230.744 RMB mn for Jan 2021. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: Securities Company data is updated monthly, averaging 282,069.400 RMB mn from Jun 1997 (Median) to Feb 2021, with 285 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,152,126.026 RMB mn in Nov 2019 and a record low of 0.000 RMB mn in Mar 2002. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: Securities Company data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZD: CCDC: Bond Settlement: Interbank Spot.

The allocation of assets across different markets is a crucial element of investment strategy. In this regard, stocks and bonds are two significant assets that form the backbone of multi-asset allocation. Among publicly offered funds (The publicly offered funds in China correspond to the mutual funds in the United States, with different names and details in terms of legal form and sales channels), the stock-bond hybrid fund gives investors a return while minimizing the risk through capital flow between the stock and bond markets. Our research on China’s financial market data from 2006 to 2022 reveals a cross-asset momentum between the stock and bond markets. We find that the momentum in the stock market negatively influences the bond market’s return, while the momentum in the bond market positively influences the stock market’s return. Portfolios that exploit cross-asset momentum have excess returns that other asset pricing factors cannot explain. Our analysis reveals that hybrid funds play an intermediary role in the transmission mechanism of cross-asset momentum. We observe that the more flexible the asset allocation ratio of the fund, the more crucial the intermediary role played by the fund. Hence, encouraging the development of hybrid funds and relaxing restrictions on asset allocation ratios could improve liquidity and pricing efficiency. These findings have significant implications for investors seeking to optimize their asset allocation across different markets and for policymakers seeking to enhance the efficiency of China’s financial market.

China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: Individual Investor data was reported at 0.000 RMB mn in Dec 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 RMB mn for Nov 2018. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: Individual Investor data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 RMB mn from Jun 1997 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 259 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 RMB mn in Dec 2018 and a record low of 0.000 RMB mn in Dec 2018. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: Individual Investor data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZD: CCDC: Bond Settlement: Interbank Spot.

China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: CB: Village & Township Bank data was reported at 720.000 RMB mn in Feb 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,900.000 RMB mn for Jan 2021. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: CB: Village & Township Bank data is updated monthly, averaging 422.500 RMB mn from May 2009 (Median) to Feb 2021, with 142 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,150.000 RMB mn in Mar 2020 and a record low of 0.000 RMB mn in Dec 2013. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: CB: Village & Township Bank data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZD: CCDC: Bond Settlement: Interbank Spot.

The influence of the historical accumulated return of the CSI 300 index and SSE Corporate Bond Index on the future return of different fund indexes.

The robustness checks: The momentum transmission mechanism from the stock to the bond market, excluding data from 2015.

China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: CB: Foreign Bank data was reported at 376,714.980 RMB mn in Feb 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 732,576.560 RMB mn for Jan 2021. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: CB: Foreign Bank data is updated monthly, averaging 200,905.780 RMB mn from Jun 1997 (Median) to Feb 2021, with 285 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 842,348.000 RMB mn in Aug 2012 and a record low of 0.000 RMB mn in Dec 2003. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: CB: Foreign Bank data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZD: CCDC: Bond Settlement: Interbank Spot.

Result of the momentum transmission mechanism: From the bond to the stock market.

China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: Insurance Inst data was reported at 4,900.000 RMB mn in Feb 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9,987.000 RMB mn for Jan 2021. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: Insurance Inst data is updated monthly, averaging 10,750.000 RMB mn from Jun 1997 (Median) to Feb 2021, with 285 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 106,809.000 RMB mn in Dec 2008 and a record low of 0.000 RMB mn in Sep 2001. China Bond Settlement: Interbank: Spot: Sell: Insurance Inst data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZD: CCDC: Bond Settlement: Interbank Spot.

The yield on Japan 30 Year Bond Yield rose to 3.10% on August 1, 2025, marking a 0.02 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.21 points and is 1.03 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Japan 30 Year Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

China Bond Settlement: OTC: Spot: Sell: GB: Saving Bond (Electronic) data was reported at 0.000 RMB mn in Mar 2013. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 RMB mn for Feb 2013. China Bond Settlement: OTC: Spot: Sell: GB: Saving Bond (Electronic) data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 RMB mn from Jan 2005 (Median) to Mar 2013, with 99 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 RMB mn in Mar 2013 and a record low of 0.000 RMB mn in Mar 2013. China Bond Settlement: OTC: Spot: Sell: GB: Saving Bond (Electronic) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZD: CCDC: Bond Settlement: OTC Spot.