On September 1, 2019, China imposed additional tariffs on ** billion U.S. dollars worth of the U.S. import goods. A trade war between the world's two largest economies was initiated by president Trump in mid-2018 and escalated further throughout 2019.

Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 2.18 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The Trump administration's unprecedented tariffs are accelerating US-China decoupling, compelling business leaders to rethink strategies after decades of established trade norms.

The US-China trade war created net export opportunities rather than simply shifting trade across destinations. Many “bystander” countries grew their exports of taxed products into the rest of the world (excluding US and China). Country-specific components of tariff elasticities, rather than specialization patterns, drove large cross-country variation in export growth of tariff-exposed products. The elasticities of exports to US-China tariffs identify whether a country’s exports complement or substitute US or China and its supply curve’s slope. Countries that operate along downward-sloping supplies whose exports substitute (complement) US and China are among the larger (smaller) beneficiaries of the trade war.

Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, manufactured products (%) in China was reported at 5.21 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, manufactured products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

China Government Revenue: Tax: Year to Date: Tariffs data was reported at 48.300 RMB bn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 31.600 RMB bn for Feb 2025. China Government Revenue: Tax: Year to Date: Tariffs data is updated monthly, averaging 128.732 RMB bn from Jan 2007 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 211 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 299.785 RMB bn in Dec 2017 and a record low of 12.274 RMB bn in Jan 2007. China Government Revenue: Tax: Year to Date: Tariffs data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Revenue: Tax.

Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 7.42 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

On April 9, 2025, the U.S. imposed high import tariffs on Chinese goods. Average U.S. tariffs on imports from China reached ***** percent on April 10, 2025. In comparison, import levies on exports from the rest of the world were at around **** percent. In response to increased U.S. tariffs, China imposed retaliatory levies, averaging ***** percent as of April 12, 2025. After trade talks, the U.S. and China agreed to temporarily lower mutual trade barriers, leading to average U.S. tariffs of **** percent and average Chinese tariffs of **** percent on May 14, 2025.

Trump’s renewed tariffs on China are shaking up global trade. Here’s what they could mean for Australian industries facing shifting demand, prices and supply chains.

According to estimates, if President Trump's proposed tariffs go into effect permanently, the United States' GDP would decrease by 0.4 percent. Of this, 0.3 percent would be from the 25 percent tariff on all imports from Canada and Mexico, while 0.1 percent would be from the 10 percent tariff on all imports from China. As of February 10, China imposed retaliatory tariffs on the United States, with a 15 percent tariff on coal and liquid natural gas, and a 10 percent tariff on other exports, including oil, machinery, and large motor vehicles.

Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 2.86 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Learn how rising US-China trade tariffs are affecting the apparel industry, with brands like Eastside Golf adjusting strategies to mitigate cost increases.

Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, primary products (%) in China was reported at 2 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, primary products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Hong Kong HK: Share of Tariff Lines with Specific Rates: All Products data was reported at 0.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2015. Hong Kong HK: Share of Tariff Lines with Specific Rates: All Products data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. Hong Kong HK: Share of Tariff Lines with Specific Rates: All Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Share of tariff lines with specific rates is the share of lines in the tariff schedule that are set on a per unit basis or that combine ad valorem and per unit rates. It shows the extent to which countries use tariffs based on physical quantities or other, non-ad valorem measures.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database.; ;

Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Simple Mean: Primary Products data was reported at 0.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2015. Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Simple Mean: Primary Products data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Simple Mean: Primary Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong – Table HK.World Bank: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean most favored nation tariff rate is the unweighted average of most favored nation rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

Nike's stock surged over 7% after U.S.-China announced tariff reductions. Key technical levels suggest bullish momentum, with potential resistance at $63 and support at $59.

This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in The 2018 US-China Trade Conflict after 40 Years of Special Protection, PIIE Working paper 19-7.

If you use the data, please cite as: Bown, Chad P. (2019). The 2018 US-China Trade Conflict after 40 Years of Special Protection. PIIE Working paper 19-7. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

US Tariff Impact on Market

The US tariff policies have significantly impacted the global trade management market, leading to both opportunities and challenges for businesses. In particular, tariffs on imported goods have increased the complexity of managing cross-border trade, requiring businesses to implement more sophisticated trade management solutions.

As companies face rising costs due to tariffs, the demand for trade management systems that help optimize customs compliance, minimize duties, and streamline logistics has surged. Furthermore, sectors such as manufacturing, retail, and transportation have felt the brunt of these tariffs, with industries directly impacted by increased trade barriers.

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For example, the retail sector has seen a rise in goods costs, ultimately affecting margins. The US tariff impact on sectors like manufacturing and retail is approximately 10-15% as they deal with higher raw material costs and inventory disruptions. Companies now look for more automation and integrated solutions to mitigate these costs and streamline operations.

➤ Economic Impact

The US tariffs have led to an increased cost of imports, pushing businesses to adopt more efficient trade management systems. As tariffs increase, businesses are forced to reevaluate their supply chain strategies, leading to higher operational costs. In the long term, this could prompt global shifts in trade flows.

➤ Geographical Impact

US tariffs have disproportionately affected countries with high trade volumes with the US, especially China, Mexico, and Canada. As tariffs increase, businesses in these regions must adapt to higher costs and potential disruptions. This shift influences regional trade agreements and the movement of goods, altering global trade dynamics.

➤ Business Impact

US tariffs have forced businesses to invest in advanced trade management technologies to mitigate the effects of increased import duties and logistical delays. Companies are now focusing on automation, compliance optimization, and cost-effective solutions to navigate the growing complexities of international trade. Small and medium-sized enterprises face considerable challenges.

IBISWorld examines the industries that may be hit next by tariffs introduced by China, following worsening relations with Australia.

China Government Budgetary Revenue: Central: Tax: Tariffs data was reported at 247,500.000 RMB mn in 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 269,000.000 RMB mn for 2024. China Government Budgetary Revenue: Central: Tax: Tariffs data is updated yearly, averaging 255,250.000 RMB mn from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2025, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 314,000.000 RMB mn in 2018 and a record low of 57,100.000 RMB mn in 2000. China Government Budgetary Revenue: Central: Tax: Tariffs data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FAS: Budget: General Public Budget Revenue & Expenditure: Central.