As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

The value of U.S. Treasury securities held by residents of Russia amounted to ** million U.S. dollars in March 2025, marking a stark contrast to ***** billion U.S. dollars held in January 2020. The lowest over the period under consideration was recorded in November 2023 at ** million U.S. dollars. Furthermore, in March 2020, the figure plummeted to **** billion U.S. dollars, down from **** billion U.S. dollars one month prior. Russia’s holdings of U.S. treasury securities have decreased since 2014 following the Western sanctions over the annexation of Crimea and have further dropped in 2022 after more restrictions were imposed over the war in Ukraine. What are U.S. treasury holdings? U.S. treasury holdings are government debt instruments that contribute to the funding of various government projects in the country. The U.S. Department of Treasury allows individuals and organizations to invest in treasury notes, bills, and bonds, which are the main three types of securities. Just under half of the outstanding ** trillion U.S. dollars as of May 2024 were in the form of treasury notes. The notes have varying maturities and coupon payment frequencies, which are different from the maturity periods of treasury bills and bonds. Main foreign holders of U.S. treasury securities Foreign holdings of U.S. treasury debt amounted to ***** trillion U.S. dollars as of January 2024. Japan and China held the largest portions, with China possessing ***** billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. Additionally, other significant foreign holders included oil exporting countries and Caribbean banking centers.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Foreign and International Investors (FDHBFIN) from Q1 1970 to Q2 2025 about foreign, debt, federal, and USA.

Data about influencing factors of China’s holdings of U.S. Treasury securities

In 2023, China held **** percent of foreign held U.S. securities. Japan held a further **** percent of foreign held securities. The national debt of the United Stated can be found here.

The major foreign holders of U.S. Treasury securities are typically countries and entities that invest heavily in U.S. government debt. As of the latest data, here are some of the top foreign holders:

Japan: Historically, Japan has been the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities. China: China is another major holder, though its holdings have fluctuated due to various economic and political factors. United Kingdom: The UK is a significant investor in U.S. Treasuries, often ranked among the top holders. Ireland: Ireland holds a substantial amount of U.S. Treasury securities. Luxembourg: Luxembourg is also a notable holder of U.S. Treasuries. Switzerland: Swiss investments in U.S. Treasury securities are considerable. Brazil: Brazil is one of the largest holders in Latin America. Belgium: Belgium, often through its financial institutions, holds a significant amount. Taiwan: Taiwan's central bank and other financial institutions invest heavily in U.S. Treasuries. Hong Kong: Hong Kong maintains substantial holdings in U.S. Treasuries. These rankings can change frequently based on economic conditions, currency reserves, and geopolitical factors. For the most up-to-date information, refer to the U.S. Department of the Treasury's "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" report.

United States USF: Long Term: US Treasury: China data was reported at 1,144.081 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,238.077 USD bn for 2016. United States USF: Long Term: US Treasury: China data is updated yearly, averaging 932.620 USD bn from Jun 2002 (Median) to 2017, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,302.405 USD bn in 2011 and a record low of 95.200 USD bn in 2002. United States USF: Long Term: US Treasury: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z047: Foreign Residents' Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities.

China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Treasury Bond: Natural Person Investor data was reported at 6,653.000 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,593.000 RMB mn for Feb 2025. China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Treasury Bond: Natural Person Investor data is updated monthly, averaging 2,860.000 RMB mn from Sep 2017 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,816.000 RMB mn in Oct 2024 and a record low of 1,833.000 RMB mn in Mar 2019. China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Treasury Bond: Natural Person Investor data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZA: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Composition of Bond Transaction and Held.

China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Treasury Bond: QFII, RQFII data was reported at 4,923.000 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,448.000 RMB mn for Feb 2025. China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Treasury Bond: QFII, RQFII data is updated monthly, averaging 26,815.000 RMB mn from Sep 2017 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,606.000 RMB mn in Mar 2021 and a record low of 4,067.000 RMB mn in Sep 2024. China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Treasury Bond: QFII, RQFII data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZA: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Composition of Bond Transaction and Held.

Government bond spreads as of April 15, 2025, varied widely among the largest economies when compared to German Bunds and U.S. Treasury notes. The United Kingdom's bond spread was the higest against both, with ***** basis points (bps) over Germany and **** bps over the U.S. In contrast, China and Japan display negative spreads, with Japan having the lowest spread at ****** bps against U.S. Treasuries. Italy, the United Kingdom, and Canada showed moderate spreads. Positive bond spreads indicate that a country’s government bonds have higher yields compared to the benchmark bonds - in this case, the German Bunds and U.S. Treasury notes. Higher spreads often signal perceived higher risk or economic uncertainty, as investors demand greater returns for holding these bonds. expectations. Conversely, negative spreads mean that these bonds offer lower yields than the benchmark. Negative spreads often indicate strong investor confidence, safe-haven status, or lower inflation expectations, as investors are willing to accept lower returns for the perceived stability of these bonds.

Total-Long-Term-Assets Time Series for Dah Sing Financial Holdings Ltd. Dah Sing Financial Holdings Limited, an investment holding company, provides banking, insurance, financial, and other related services in Hong Kong, Macau, and the People's Republic of China. The company operates through Personal Banking, Corporate Banking, Treasury and Global Markets, Mainland China and Macau Banking, and Insurance and Investment Operations segments. The Personal Banking segment accepts various deposits from individual customers; and provides residential mortgage loans, personal loans, overdrafts, vehicle financing, and credit card services, as well as insurance sales and investment services. The Corporate Banking segment accepts various deposits; and offers loans and working capital financing to commercial, industrial, and institutional customers, as well as trade financing services. The Treasury and Global Markets segment provides foreign exchange services; cash management services for deposit taking and lending; and interest rate risk management services. This segment also manages investment in securities. The Mainland China and Macau Banking segment offers personal and corporate banking products and services. The Insurance and Investment Operations segment is involved in the insurance, and pension fund management and investment business. It provides insurance agency, nominee, general insurance, money lending, consultancy, and securities dealing services; and invests in properties. The company was formerly known as Fivetech Investments Limited and changed its name to Dah Sing Financial Holdings Limited in July 1987. Dah Sing Financial Holdings Limited was founded in 1947 and is based in Wan Chai, Hong Kong.

United States US Securities by Foreign Holders: China data was reported at 1,540.549 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,629.572 USD bn for 2016. United States US Securities by Foreign Holders: China data is updated yearly, averaging 1,502.288 USD bn from Jun 2002 (Median) to 2017, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,844.020 USD bn in 2015 and a record low of 181.478 USD bn in 2002. United States US Securities by Foreign Holders: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z047: Foreign Residents' Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities.

Share-of-Periods-With-Dividend-Payments-In-Percent Time Series for Dah Sing Financial Holdings Ltd. Dah Sing Financial Holdings Limited, an investment holding company, provides banking, insurance, financial, and other related services in Hong Kong, Macau, and the People's Republic of China. The company operates through Personal Banking, Corporate Banking, Treasury and Global Markets, Mainland China and Macau Banking, and Insurance and Investment Operations segments. The Personal Banking segment accepts various deposits from individual customers; and provides residential mortgage loans, personal loans, overdrafts, vehicle financing, and credit card services, as well as insurance sales and investment services. The Corporate Banking segment accepts various deposits; and offers loans and working capital financing to commercial, industrial, and institutional customers, as well as trade financing services. The Treasury and Global Markets segment provides foreign exchange services; cash management services for deposit taking and lending; and interest rate risk management services. This segment also manages investment in securities. The Mainland China and Macau Banking segment offers personal and corporate banking products and services. The Insurance and Investment Operations segment is involved in the insurance, and pension fund management and investment business. It provides insurance agency, nominee, general insurance, money lending, consultancy, and securities dealing services; and invests in properties. The company was formerly known as Fivetech Investments Limited and changed its name to Dah Sing Financial Holdings Limited in July 1987. Dah Sing Financial Holdings Limited was founded in 1947 and is based in Wan Chai, Hong Kong.