As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

The value of U.S. Treasury securities held by residents of Russia amounted to ** million U.S. dollars in March 2025, marking a stark contrast to ***** billion U.S. dollars held in January 2020. The lowest over the period under consideration was recorded in November 2023 at ** million U.S. dollars. Furthermore, in March 2020, the figure plummeted to **** billion U.S. dollars, down from **** billion U.S. dollars one month prior. Russia’s holdings of U.S. treasury securities have decreased since 2014 following the Western sanctions over the annexation of Crimea and have further dropped in 2022 after more restrictions were imposed over the war in Ukraine. What are U.S. treasury holdings? U.S. treasury holdings are government debt instruments that contribute to the funding of various government projects in the country. The U.S. Department of Treasury allows individuals and organizations to invest in treasury notes, bills, and bonds, which are the main three types of securities. Just under half of the outstanding ** trillion U.S. dollars as of May 2024 were in the form of treasury notes. The notes have varying maturities and coupon payment frequencies, which are different from the maturity periods of treasury bills and bonds. Main foreign holders of U.S. treasury securities Foreign holdings of U.S. treasury debt amounted to ***** trillion U.S. dollars as of January 2024. Japan and China held the largest portions, with China possessing ***** billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. Additionally, other significant foreign holders included oil exporting countries and Caribbean banking centers.

In 2023, China held **** percent of foreign held U.S. securities. Japan held a further **** percent of foreign held securities. The national debt of the United Stated can be found here.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Foreign and International Investors (FDHBFIN) from Q1 1970 to Q2 2025 about foreign, debt, federal, and USA.

Data about influencing factors of China’s holdings of U.S. Treasury securities

The major foreign holders of U.S. Treasury securities are typically countries and entities that invest heavily in U.S. government debt. As of the latest data, here are some of the top foreign holders:

Japan: Historically, Japan has been the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities. China: China is another major holder, though its holdings have fluctuated due to various economic and political factors. United Kingdom: The UK is a significant investor in U.S. Treasuries, often ranked among the top holders. Ireland: Ireland holds a substantial amount of U.S. Treasury securities. Luxembourg: Luxembourg is also a notable holder of U.S. Treasuries. Switzerland: Swiss investments in U.S. Treasury securities are considerable. Brazil: Brazil is one of the largest holders in Latin America. Belgium: Belgium, often through its financial institutions, holds a significant amount. Taiwan: Taiwan's central bank and other financial institutions invest heavily in U.S. Treasuries. Hong Kong: Hong Kong maintains substantial holdings in U.S. Treasuries. These rankings can change frequently based on economic conditions, currency reserves, and geopolitical factors. For the most up-to-date information, refer to the U.S. Department of the Treasury's "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" report.

United States USF: Long Term: US Treasury: China data was reported at 1,144.081 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,238.077 USD bn for 2016. United States USF: Long Term: US Treasury: China data is updated yearly, averaging 932.620 USD bn from Jun 2002 (Median) to 2017, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,302.405 USD bn in 2011 and a record low of 95.200 USD bn in 2002. United States USF: Long Term: US Treasury: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z047: Foreign Residents' Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities.

United States USF: Long Term: Corporate Debt: China data was reported at 16.288 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 15.898 USD bn for 2016. United States USF: Long Term: Corporate Debt: China data is updated yearly, averaging 18.337 USD bn from Jun 2002 (Median) to 2017, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 58.494 USD bn in 2006 and a record low of 10.898 USD bn in 2002. United States USF: Long Term: Corporate Debt: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z047: Foreign Residents' Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities.

United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Asset Backed: China data was reported at 52.000 USD mn in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 52.000 USD mn for 2015. United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Asset Backed: China data is updated yearly, averaging 8.000 USD mn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2016, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 52.000 USD mn in 2016 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2012. United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Asset Backed: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

United States US Securities by Foreign Holders: China data was reported at 1,540.549 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,629.572 USD bn for 2016. United States US Securities by Foreign Holders: China data is updated yearly, averaging 1,502.288 USD bn from Jun 2002 (Median) to 2017, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,844.020 USD bn in 2015 and a record low of 181.478 USD bn in 2002. United States US Securities by Foreign Holders: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z047: Foreign Residents' Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities.

United States FSU: Debt: Short Term: Negotiable CDs: China data was reported at 382.000 USD mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 189.000 USD mn for 2015. United States FSU: Debt: Short Term: Negotiable CDs: China data is updated yearly, averaging 24.000 USD mn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2016, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 670.000 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2005. United States FSU: Debt: Short Term: Negotiable CDs: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

Government bond spreads as of April 15, 2025, varied widely among the largest economies when compared to German Bunds and U.S. Treasury notes. The United Kingdom's bond spread was the higest against both, with ***** basis points (bps) over Germany and **** bps over the U.S. In contrast, China and Japan display negative spreads, with Japan having the lowest spread at ****** bps against U.S. Treasuries. Italy, the United Kingdom, and Canada showed moderate spreads. Positive bond spreads indicate that a country’s government bonds have higher yields compared to the benchmark bonds - in this case, the German Bunds and U.S. Treasury notes. Higher spreads often signal perceived higher risk or economic uncertainty, as investors demand greater returns for holding these bonds. expectations. Conversely, negative spreads mean that these bonds offer lower yields than the benchmark. Negative spreads often indicate strong investor confidence, safe-haven status, or lower inflation expectations, as investors are willing to accept lower returns for the perceived stability of these bonds.

The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield held steady at 1.83% on December 2, 2025. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.07 points, though it remains 0.16 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

United States USF: Long Term: US Agency: Asset Backed: China data was reported at 186.993 USD bn in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 208.345 USD bn for 2015. United States USF: Long Term: US Agency: Asset Backed: China data is updated yearly, averaging 187.744 USD bn from Jun 2003 (Median) to 2016, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 368.721 USD bn in 2008 and a record low of 124.000 USD mn in 2004. United States USF: Long Term: US Agency: Asset Backed: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z047: Foreign Residents' Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities.

United States Foreign Securities by US Holders: China data was reported at 101.350 USD bn in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 107.725 USD bn for 2015. United States Foreign Securities by US Holders: China data is updated yearly, averaging 76.798 USD bn from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 133.274 USD bn in 2014 and a record low of 2.085 USD bn in 1994. United States Foreign Securities by US Holders: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

United States FSU: Equity: Common: China data was reported at 154.118 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 95.161 USD bn for 2016. United States FSU: Equity: Common: China data is updated yearly, averaging 95.161 USD bn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2017, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 154.118 USD bn in 2017 and a record low of 11.641 USD bn in 2004. United States FSU: Equity: Common: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

The International Development Association (IDA) credits are public and publicly guaranteed debt extended by the World Bank Group. IDA provides development credits, grants and guarantees to its recipient member countries to help meet their development needs. Credits from IDA are at concessional rates. Data are in U.S. dollars calculated using historical rates. This dataset contains the latest available snapshot of the IDA Statement of Credits and Grants.

External Debt in China decreased to 24198 USD Hundred Million in 2024 from 24475 USD Hundred Million in 2023. This dataset provides - China External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

United States FSU: Equity: Funds: China data was reported at 1.055 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.575 USD bn for 2016. United States FSU: Equity: Funds: China data is updated yearly, averaging 128.000 USD mn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2017, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.949 USD bn in 2015 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2004. United States FSU: Equity: Funds: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

The yield on China 30 Year Bond Yield rose to 2.09% on November 17, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.15 points and is 0.22 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for China 30Y.