In 2024, the average number of children born per 1,000 people in China ranged at ****. The birth rate has dropped considerably since 2016, and the number of births fell below the number of deaths in 2022 for the first time in decades, leading to a negative population growth rate. Recent development of the birth rate Similar to most East-Asian countries and territories, demographics in China today are characterized by a very low fertility rate. As low fertility in the long-term limits economic growth and leads to heavy strains on the pension and health systems, the Chinese government decided to support childbirth by gradually relaxing strict birth control measures, that had been in place for three decades. However, the effect of this policy change was considerably smaller than expected. The birth rate increased from **** births per 1,000 inhabitants in 2010 to ***** births in 2012 and remained on a higher level for a couple of years, but then dropped again to a new low in 2018. This illustrates that other factors constrain the number of births today. These factors are most probably similar to those experienced in other developed countries as well: women preferring career opportunities over maternity, high costs for bringing up children, and changed social norms, to name only the most important ones. Future demographic prospects Between 2020 and 2023, the birth rate in China dropped to formerly unknown lows, most probably influenced by the coronavirus pandemic. As all COVID-19 restrictions were lifted by the end of 2022, births figures showed a catch-up effect in 2024. However, the scope of the rebound might be limited. A population breakdown by five-year age groups indicates that the drop in the number of births is also related to a shrinking number of people with child-bearing age. The age groups between 15 and 29 years today are considerably smaller than those between 30 and 44, leaving less space for the birth rate to increase. This effect is exacerbated by a considerable gender gap within younger age groups in China, with the number of females being much lower than that of males.

Macau SAR (China) Total Fertility Rate: Children per Woman data was reported at 0.660 Person in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.660 Person for 2022. Macau SAR (China) Total Fertility Rate: Children per Woman data is updated yearly, averaging 1.020 Person from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.710 Person in 1990 and a record low of 0.660 Person in 2023. Macau SAR (China) Total Fertility Rate: Children per Woman data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Macau SAR (China) – Table MO.OECD.GGI: Social: Demography: Non OECD Member: Annual.

The fertility rate of a country is the average number of children that women from that country will have throughout their reproductive years. In 1930, China's fertility rate was 5.5 children per woman, and this number then dropped to just under five over the next fifteen years, as China experienced a civil war and the Second World War. The fertility rate rose rather quickly after this to over 6.1 in 1955, before dropping again in the late 1950s, as Chairman Mao's 'Great Leap Forward' failed to industrialize the nation, and resulted in widespread famine that killed an estimated 45 million people. In the decade following this, China's fertility rate reached it's highest level in 1970, before the implementation of the two-child policy in the 1970s, and the one-child policy** in the 1980s, which radically changed the population structure. The fertility rate fell to an all time low in the early 2000s, where it was just 1.6 children per woman. However this number has increased to 1.7 today, and the two-child policy was reintroduced in 2016, replacing the one-child policy that had been effective for over 36 years.

The total fertility rate in China increased by 0.02 children per woman (+1.72 percent) in 2022. In total, the fertility rate amounted to 1.18 children per woman in 2022. This increase was preceded by a declining fertility rate.The total fertility rate is the average number of children that a woman of childbearing age (generally considered 15 to 44 years) can hypothetically expect to have throughout her reproductive years. As fertility rates are estimates (similar to life expectancy), they refer to a hypothetical woman or cohort, and estimates assume that current age-specific fertility trends would remain constant throughout this person's reproductive years.Find more statistics on other topics about China with key insights such as death rate, number of tuberculosis infections , and crude birth rate.

Macau MO: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data was reported at 1.311 Ratio in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.280 Ratio for 2015. Macau MO: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data is updated yearly, averaging 1.499 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.772 Ratio in 1960 and a record low of 0.827 Ratio in 2004. Macau MO: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Macau SAR – Table MO.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates of the specified year.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average; Relevance to gender indicator: it can indicate the status of women within households and a woman’s decision about the number and spacing of children.

Hong Kong HK: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data was reported at 1.205 Ratio in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.196 Ratio for 2015. Hong Kong HK: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data is updated yearly, averaging 1.355 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.030 Ratio in 1961 and a record low of 0.901 Ratio in 2003. Hong Kong HK: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates of the specified year.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average; Relevance to gender indicator: it can indicate the status of women within households and a woman’s decision about the number and spacing of children.

The statistic shows the 20 countries with the lowest fertility rates in 2024. All figures are estimates. In 2024, the fertility rate in Taiwan was estimated to be at 1.11 children per woman, making it the lowest fertility rate worldwide. Fertility rate The fertility rate is the average number of children born per woman of child-bearing age in a country. Usually, a woman aged between 15 and 45 is considered to be in her child-bearing years. The fertility rate of a country provides an insight into its economic state, as well as the level of health and education of its population. Developing countries usually have a higher fertility rate due to lack of access to birth control and contraception, and to women usually foregoing a higher education, or even any education at all, in favor of taking care of housework. Many families in poorer countries also need their children to help provide for the family by starting to work early and/or as caretakers for their parents in old age. In developed countries, fertility rates and birth rates are usually much lower, as birth control is easier to obtain and women often choose a career before becoming a mother. Additionally, if the number of women of child-bearing age declines, so does the fertility rate of a country. As can be seen above, countries like Hong Kong are a good example for women leaving the patriarchal structures and focusing on their own career instead of becoming a mother at a young age, causing a decline of the country’s fertility rate. A look at the fertility rate per woman worldwide by income group also shows that women with a low income tend to have more children than those with a high income. The United States are neither among the countries with the lowest, nor among those with the highest fertility rate, by the way. At 2.08 children per woman, the fertility rate in the US has been continuously slightly below the global average of about 2.4 children per woman over the last decade.

China Total Fertility Rate: Children per Woman data was reported at 1.160 Person in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.280 Person for 2020. China Total Fertility Rate: Children per Woman data is updated yearly, averaging 1.635 Person from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2021, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.510 Person in 1990 and a record low of 1.160 Person in 2021. China Total Fertility Rate: Children per Woman data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.OECD.GGI: Social: Demography: Non OECD Member: Annual.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 in early 2020 and the recurring epidemic in later years have disturbed China’s economy. Moreover, China’s demographic dividend has been disappearing due to its fastest aging population and declining birth rate. The birth rates in eastern provinces of China are much lower than those of the western provinces. Considering the impacts of the COVID-19 and aging population, this paper focused on the relationship between birth rate and the disposable income and tried to find effective measures to raise China’s birth rate. We discovered through regression analysis that the link between per capita disposable income and birth rate is initially "reverse J" and later "inverted J", indicating that per capita disposable income will influence the birth rate. Women’s employment rate and educational level are negatively correlated with the birth rate. To raise the fertility rate in China, it is necessary to increase the marriage rate and the willingness to have children by raising the per capita disposable income and introducing effective tax relief policies.

Cross sectional data, all countries for the statistic Fertility_Rate. Indicator Definition:Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates of the specified year.Indicator Unit:The statistic is measured in Births Per Woman.Descriptive Statistics regarding the Indicator "Fertility Rate":The number of countries with data stands at: 210 countries.The average value across those countries stands at: 2.37.The standard deviation across those countries stands at: 1.19.The lowest value stands at: 0.586, and was observed in Macao SAR, China, which in this case constitutes the country that ranks last.The highest value stands at: 6.12, and was observed in Chad, which in this case constitutes the country that ranks first.Looking at countries with values, the top 5 countries are:1. Chad, actual value 6.12, actual ranking 1.2. Niger, actual value 6.06, actual ranking 2.3. Congo, Dem. Rep., actual value 6.05, actual ranking 3.4. Central African Republic, actual value 6.01, actual ranking 4.5. Mali, actual value 5.61, actual ranking 5.Looking at countries with values, the bottom 5 countries are:1. Macao SAR, China, actual value 0.586, actual ranking 210.2. Korea, Rep., actual value 0.721, actual ranking 209.3. Hong Kong SAR, China, actual value 0.751, actual ranking 208.4. Singapore, actual value 0.97, actual ranking 207.5. Ukraine, actual value 0.977, actual ranking 206.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the data for the China, TX population pyramid, which represents the China population distribution across age and gender, using estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. It lists the male and female population for each age group, along with the total population for those age groups. Higher numbers at the bottom of the table suggest population growth, whereas higher numbers at the top indicate declining birth rates. Furthermore, the dataset can be utilized to understand the youth dependency ratio, old-age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, and potential support ratio.

Key observations

• Youth dependency ratio, which is the number of children aged 0-14 per 100 persons aged 15-64, for China, TX, is 25.5.
• Old-age dependency ratio, which is the number of persons aged 65 or over per 100 persons aged 15-64, for China, TX, is 39.1.
• Total dependency ratio for China, TX is 64.6.
• Potential support ratio, which is the number of youth (working age population) per elderly, for China, TX is 2.6.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the China population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the China for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the China for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Total Population: The total population of the China for the selected age group is shown in the following column.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for China Population by Age. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the data for the China, Maine population pyramid, which represents the China town population distribution across age and gender, using estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. It lists the male and female population for each age group, along with the total population for those age groups. Higher numbers at the bottom of the table suggest population growth, whereas higher numbers at the top indicate declining birth rates. Furthermore, the dataset can be utilized to understand the youth dependency ratio, old-age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, and potential support ratio.

Key observations

• Youth dependency ratio, which is the number of children aged 0-14 per 100 persons aged 15-64, for China, Maine, is 26.6.
• Old-age dependency ratio, which is the number of persons aged 65 or over per 100 persons aged 15-64, for China, Maine, is 21.7.
• Total dependency ratio for China, Maine is 48.3.
• Potential support ratio, which is the number of youth (working age population) per elderly, for China, Maine is 4.6.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the China town population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the China town for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the China town for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Total Population: The total population of the China town for the selected age group is shown in the following column.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for China town Population by Age. You can refer the same here

For most of the past two centuries, falling birth rates have been associated with societal progress. During the demographic transition, where pre-industrial societies modernize in terms of fertility and mortality, falling death rates, especially among infants and children, are the first major change. In response, as more children survive into adulthood, women have fewer children as the need to compensate for child mortality declines. This transition has happened at different times across the world and is an ongoing process, with early industrial countries being the first to transition, and Sub-Saharan African countries being the most recent to do so. Additionally, some Asian countries (particularly China through government policy) have gone through their demographic transitions at a much faster pace than those deemed more developed. Today, in countries such as Japan, Italy, and Germany, birth rates have fallen well below death rates; this is no longer considered a positive demographic trend, as it leads to natural population decline, and may create an over-aged population that could place a burden on healthcare systems.

BackgroundChina implemented a partial two-child policy (2013) followed by a universal two-child policy (2015), replacing the former one-child policy mandated by the government. The changes affect many aspects of China’s population as well as maternal and infant health, but their potential impact on birth defects (BDs) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the associations of these policy changes with BDs in Zhejiang Province, China.Methods and findingsWe used data from the BD surveillance system in Zhejiang Province, China, which covers 90 hospitals in 30 urban districts and rural counties, capturing one-third of the total births in this province. To fully consider the time interval between conception and delivery, we defined the one-child policy period as data from 2013 (births from October 2012 to September 2013), the partial two-child policy period as data from 2015 (births from October 2014 to September 2015), and the universal two-child policy period as data from 2017 (births from October 2016 to September 2017). Data from 2009 and 2011 were also used to show the changes in the proportion of births to women with advanced maternal age (35 years and older) prior to the policy changes. Main outcome measures were changes in the proportion of mothers with advanced maternal age, prevalence of BDs, rankings of BD subtypes by prevalence, prenatal diagnosis rate, and live birth rate of BDs over time. A total of 1,260,684 births (including live births, early fetal losses, stillbirths, and early neonatal deaths) were included in the analyses. Of these, 644,973 (51.16%) births were to women from urban areas, and 615,711 (48.84%) births were to women from rural areas. In total, 135,543 (10.75%) births were to women with advanced maternal age. The proportion increased by 85.68%, from 8.52% in 2013 to 15.82% in 2017. However, it had remained stable prior to policy changes. Overall, 23,095 BDs were identified over the policy changes (2013–2017). The prevalence of BDs during 2013, 2015, and 2017 was 245.95, 264.86, and 304.36 per 10,000 births, respectively. Trisomy 21 and other chromosomal defects increased in both risk and ranking from 2013 to 2017 (crude odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.13 [1.75–2.60], from ranking 10th to 5th, and 3.63 [2.84–4.69], from ranking 16th to 6th, respectively). The prenatal diagnosis rate increased by 3.63 (2.2–5.1) percentage points (P < 0.001), from 31.10% to 34.72%, and identification of BDs occurred 1.88 (1.81–1.95) weeks earlier (P < 0.001). The live birth rate for infants with BDs born before 28 gestational weeks increased from 1.29% to 11.45%. The major limitations of this observational study include an inability to establish causality and the possible existence of unknown confounding factors, some of which could contribute to BDs.ConclusionsIn this study, we observed significant increases in maternal age and the prevalence of total and age-related anomalies following China’s new two-child policy. Increases in live birth rate for infants with BDs born before 28 gestational weeks suggest that healthcare for very preterm births with BDs may be warranted in the future, as well as updating the definition of perinatal period.

Snapshot img

Baby Food Maker Market Size 2024-2028

The baby food maker market size is forecast to increase by USD 585.3 million at a CAGR of 10.43% between 2023 and 2028. The market experiences significant growth, driven by various factors. Technological innovations and portfolio extensions are key catalysts, introducing advanced features and diverse product offerings. The increasing number of working women contributes to the market expansion, as convenience becomes a priority for busy parents. Additionally, the ease of use, portability, and health benefits associated with homemade baby food further fuel the market's growth. These factors combined create a robust and continuously evolving market landscape for baby food makers.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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Market Dynamic and Customer Landscape

The market is witnessing significant growth driven by the popularity of baby foods and the increasing effort of health-conscious parents to provide nutritious options for their infants. Companies are leveraging their brand name and innovative machine designs to introduce a wide range of deliverables such as cereals, edibles, and organic baby food. As working-class women seek time-saving solutions, baby electronic products like puree processors, blenders, and steamers have become essential. With an emphasis on nutrition, these products feature compact designs, easy-to-use interfaces, and nutrient retention technologies. Online dashboards and e-commerce websites enhance accessibility, while expansion of distribution chains taps into regional opportunities. The market caters to baby nutrition needs with all-in-one, portable, and multi-functional solutions like baby food pouches and dishwasher-safe processors, ensuring food safety and nutrient-rich meals for infants at every baby food stage.

Our researchers analyzed the market research and growth data with 2023 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges. A holistic analysis of drivers will help companies refine their marketing strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

Key Market Driver

One of the major factors driving the market growth is technological innovations and portfolio extensions. The manufacturers focus on launching advanced and innovative products for fulfill the demands of customers in different sectors. The major factors that a company focuses on while manufacturing a product are safety, durability, and customization. For example, the bottle warmer, BFM- 1000 by Cuisinart is a baby food maker with 4- cup work bowl that allows the storage of leftovers. This product steams and purees in the bowl without creating a mess, thereby also saving time.

Thus, the introduction of innovative products also leads to product premiumization. Danone introduced the pre-measured tab formula milk in the UK by partnering with the Japanese manufacturer Meiji. As per the deal, there will be the manufacturing of a format innovation in its formula milk recipes with Meiji's proprietary tab production technology. Thus, with such technological innovations and portfolio extensions, the global market is expected to grow during the forecast period.

Significant Market Trends

The major market trend driving the market growth is the increasing number of women joining the workforce. The increased number of working women globally has boosted the demand, thereby propelling their sales worldwide. The need for working women to make food or prepare infant formula and store them for later use has resulted in substantial market growth. As a result, the demand for ready-to-eat or packaged food has increased. The number of working women in developing countries such as China and India has increased substantially over the last few years. In 2021, the female labor rate in China ranged at about 61.6%.

The total labor participation rate in China stood at around 68.1% in 2021. This increase in the number of working women has also led to a rise in dual-income households, which, in turn, has led to a higher average income per household. This has helped to shift the inclination toward a luxury lifestyle which has encouraged consumers to adopt as their kitchen appliances. Such factors are expected to drive the growth of the market during the forecast period.

Major Market Challenge

The major challenge impeding market growth is the declining birth rate. The global declining birth rate is a challenge for the market in developing countries such as India, China, and Brazil and in developed countries such as the UK, the US, France, Japan, and Canada. The decline is due to the increase in the unmarried population and a drop in the number of children per family. For instance, the current birth rate for India in 2022 is 17.163 births per 1000 people, a 1.23% decline from 2021. The birth rate for India in 2021 was 17.377 births per 1000 people, a 1.22% decline

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the data for the China Grove, TX population pyramid, which represents the China Grove population distribution across age and gender, using estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. It lists the male and female population for each age group, along with the total population for those age groups. Higher numbers at the bottom of the table suggest population growth, whereas higher numbers at the top indicate declining birth rates. Furthermore, the dataset can be utilized to understand the youth dependency ratio, old-age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, and potential support ratio.

Key observations

• Youth dependency ratio, which is the number of children aged 0-14 per 100 persons aged 15-64, for China Grove, TX, is 18.8.
• Old-age dependency ratio, which is the number of persons aged 65 or over per 100 persons aged 15-64, for China Grove, TX, is 31.7.
• Total dependency ratio for China Grove, TX is 50.5.
• Potential support ratio, which is the number of youth (working age population) per elderly, for China Grove, TX is 3.2.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the China Grove population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the China Grove for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the China Grove for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Total Population: The total population of the China Grove for the selected age group is shown in the following column.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for China Grove Population by Age. You can refer the same here

As of 2023, the bulk of the Chinese population was aged between 25 and 59 years, amounting to around half of the population. A breakdown of the population by broad age groups reveals that around 61.3 percent of the total population was in working age between 16 and 59 years in 2023. Age cohorts below 25 years were considerably smaller, although there was a slight growth trend in recent years. Population development in China Population development in China over the past decades has been strongly influenced by political and economic factors. After a time of high fertility rates during the Maoist regime, China introduced birth-control measures in the 1970s, including the so-called one-child policy. The fertility rate dropped accordingly from around six children per woman in the 1960s to below two at the end of the 20th century. At the same time, life expectancy increased consistently. In the face of a rapidly aging society, the government gradually lifted the one-child policy after 2012, finally arriving at a three-child policy in 2021. However, like in most other developed countries nowadays, people in China are reluctant to have more than one or two children due to high costs of living and education, as well as changed social norms and private values. China’s top-heavy age pyramid The above-mentioned developments are clearly reflected in the Chinese age pyramid. The age cohorts between 30 and 39 years are the last two larger age cohorts. The cohorts between 15 and 24, which now enter childbearing age, are decisively smaller, which will have a negative effect on the number of births in the coming decade. When looking at a gender distribution of the population pyramid, a considerable gender gap among the younger age cohorts becomes visible, leaving even less room for growth in birth figures.

Hong Kong HK: (DC)Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: Female: % of Primary School Age Children data was reported at 97.369 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 97.719 % for 2015. Hong Kong HK: (DC)Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: Female: % of Primary School Age Children data is updated yearly, averaging 94.940 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 98.919 % in 2012 and a record low of 86.559 % in 1971. Hong Kong HK: (DC)Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: Female: % of Primary School Age Children data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Education Statistics. Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

BackgroundAfter the universal two-child policy has been fully implemented, challenges regarding pregnancy complications seemed to be more severe in China. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the main risk factors for GDM before and after the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China.MethodsA retrospective study was performed with 128,270 pregnant women who delivered at Ningbo Women & Children’s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk factors associated with GDM prevalence. Segmented regression analyses of interrupted time series (ITS) were conducted to assess the effect of the universal two-child policy on the trends of GDM.ResultsThe prevalence of GDM increased remarkably from 4% in 2010 to 21% in 2020. ITS analysis presented that the prevalence of GDM increased by 0.190% (β1) per month from 2010 to 2016 (P30 years), multigravidity, multiparity, multiple gestation and gestational hypertension were significantly associated with GDM. Advanced age remained an independent risk factor for GDM even after cross stratification with gravidity and parity. The proportion of women with advanced maternal age (>30 years) increased by 0.161% per month before the implementation of the universal two-child policy and increased by 5.25% during the policy took effect month, and gradually increased by 0.124% (β1+β3) per month after then.ConclusionsThe prevalence of GDM has sharply increased in the past decade. The growth rate of GDM slowed down after the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China, but the rate would maintain at a high plateau. The rise in the proportion of older pregnant women could increase the GDM rate. We recommend having children at a relatively optimal reproductive age when encouraging childbearing.

Macau MO: Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: Female: % of Primary School Age Children data was reported at 99.042 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 98.277 % for 2015. Macau MO: Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: Female: % of Primary School Age Children data is updated yearly, averaging 86.066 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.042 % in 2016 and a record low of 84.368 % in 2002. Macau MO: Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: Female: % of Primary School Age Children data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Macau SAR – Table MO.World Bank.WDI: Education Statistics. Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).