As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

In 2023, China held 5.33 percent of foreign held U.S. securities. Japan held a further 9.28 percent of foreign held securities. The national debt of the United Stated can be found here.

The value of U.S. Treasury securities held by residents of Russia amounted to 46 million U.S. dollars in April 2024, marking a stark contrast to the 10.51 billion U.S. dollars held in January 2020. The lowest over the period under consideration was recorded in November 2023 at 28 million U.S. dollars. Furthermore, in March 2020, the figure plummeted to 3.85 billion U.S. dollars, down from 12.6 billion U.S. dollars one month prior. Russia’s holdings of U.S. treasury securities have decreased since 2014 following the Western sanctions over the annexation of Crimea and have further dropped in 2022 after more restrictions were imposed over the war in Ukraine. What are U.S. treasury holdings? U.S. treasury holdings are government debt instruments that contribute to the funding of various government projects in the country. The U.S. Department of Treasury allows individuals and organizations to invest in treasury notes, bills, and bonds, which are the main three types of securities. Just under half of the outstanding 27 trillion U.S. dollars as of May 2024 were in the form of treasury notes. The notes have varying maturities and coupon payment frequencies, which are different from the maturity periods of treasury bills and bonds. Main foreign holders of U.S. treasury securities Foreign holdings of U.S. treasury debt amounted to eight trillion U.S. dollars as of January 2024. Japan and China held the largest portions, with China possessing 797.7 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. Additionally, other significant foreign holders included oil exporting countries and Caribbean banking centers.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Foreign and International Investors (FDHBFIN) from Q1 1970 to Q4 2024 about foreign, debt, federal, and USA.

United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Straight Debt: China data was reported at 2.977 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.620 USD bn for 2016. United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Straight Debt: China data is updated yearly, averaging 1.372 USD bn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2017, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.977 USD bn in 2017 and a record low of 526.000 USD mn in 2009. United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Straight Debt: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

United States US Securities by Foreign Holders: China data was reported at 1,540.549 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,629.572 USD bn for 2016. United States US Securities by Foreign Holders: China data is updated yearly, averaging 1,502.288 USD bn from Jun 2002 (Median) to 2017, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,844.020 USD bn in 2015 and a record low of 181.478 USD bn in 2002. United States US Securities by Foreign Holders: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z047: Foreign Residents' Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities.

United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Zero Coupon: China data was reported at 3.000 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2016. United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Zero Coupon: China data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2017, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.000 USD mn in 2017 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2016. United States FSU: Debt: Long Term: Zero Coupon: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

China 10Y Bond Yield was 1.88 percent on Wednesday March 26, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

United States Foreign Securities by US Holders: China data was reported at 101.350 USD bn in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 107.725 USD bn for 2015. United States Foreign Securities by US Holders: China data is updated yearly, averaging 76.798 USD bn from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 133.274 USD bn in 2014 and a record low of 2.085 USD bn in 1994. United States Foreign Securities by US Holders: China data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z044: U.S. Residents' Portfolio Holdings of Foreign Securities.

Government bond spreads as of October 30, 2024, varied widely among the largest economies when compared to German Bunds and U.S. Treasury notes. Australia's bond spread was the higest against both, with 217.6 basis points (bps) over Germany and 27.1 bps over the U.S. In contrast, China and Japan display negative spreads, with Japan having the lowest spread at -328.1 bps against U.S. Treasuries. Italy, the United Kingdom, and Canada showed moderate spreads. Positive bond spreads indicate that a country’s government bonds have higher yields compared to the benchmark bonds - in this case, the German Bunds and U.S. Treasury notes. Higher spreads often signal perceived higher risk or economic uncertainty, as investors demand greater returns for holding these bonds. expectations. Conversely, negative spreads mean that these bonds offer lower yields than the benchmark. Negative spreads often indicate strong investor confidence, safe-haven status, or lower inflation expectations, as investors are willing to accept lower returns for the perceived stability of these bonds.

As of December 2022, the value of total assets of the Chinese real estate developer Evergrande dropped to around 1.84 trillion yuan. Between 2015 and 2020, the enterprise’s assets grew significantly, almost tripling within a five year period.

Missed bond payments

In late September 2021, Evergrande missed a payment of a U.S. dollar-denominated offshore bond which put the spotlight on the company’s dire financial situation. Evergrande Group has amassed more than 2.5 trillion yuan of debt which was around two percent of China’s GDP. Real estate has been an important sector of the county’s economy and a systemic crisis would seriously impact economic development.

Ripple effect

The news of the financial predicament that one of China’s largest property developers has found itself in sent ripples through the real estate industry. For many years, the property sector was booming and the demand for housing was high. This allowed property developers to get away with speculative investments. Since the sector constitutes a significant share of the economy, the Chinese government implemented regulations to put a limit on enterprises’ reliance on debt financing.

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Private Equity Market Size 2025-2029

The private equity market size is forecast to increase by USD 885.7 billion at a CAGR of 9.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by an increasing number of high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) worldwide. According to various estimates, the global population of HNWIs is projected to reach new heights, providing a substantial pool of potential investors for private equity firms. This trend, coupled with the continued search for higher returns, is leading to a in private equity deals. However, this market is not without challenges. The increasing complexity of transactions and associated risks is a major concern for investors. Regulatory scrutiny, economic uncertainty, and geopolitical risks are also factors that can impact the success of private equity investments. To capitalize on the opportunities presented by this market, companies must carefully assess potential risks and implement risk management strategies. Additionally, they must stay abreast of regulatory changes and adapt to shifting market conditions to remain competitive. By navigating these challenges effectively, private equity firms can successfully grow their portfolios and generate attractive returns for their investors.

What will be the Size of the Private Equity Market during the forecast period?

Request Free SampleThe market, a prominent investment class, continues to garner significant attention from high net individuals and institutional investors alike. This dynamic industry, a key component of the PE industry, is characterized by its ability to provide value-creating capabilities through strategic pathways. Private equity deals typically involve the acquisition of portfolio companies, often in growth sectors such as technology and energy & power, with the intent to expand their operations and enhance profitability. Deal sizes vary, catering to diverse investment appetites. Skilled professionals spearhead the due diligence process, assessing potential investments based on their strategic fit and growth potential. Key catalysts driving the market include impact investing, the increasing involvement of sovereign wealth funds and pension schemes, and the ongoing technological innovation shaping various industries. RIL Group companies and other PE firms play a pivotal role in this landscape, fostering a start-up culture and driving economic growth.

How is this Private Equity Industry segmented?

The private equity industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments. End-userPrivately held companiesStart-up companiesApplicationLeveraged buyoutsVenture capitalEquity investmentEnterpreneurshipInvestmentsLarge CapUpper Middle MarketLower Middle MarketReal EstateLarge CapUpper Middle MarketLower Middle MarketReal EstateGeographyNorth AmericaUSCanadaEuropeFranceGermanyUKAPACAustraliaChinaIndiaJapanMiddle East and AfricaSouth AmericaBrazil

By End-user Insights

The privately held companies segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.The markets primarily consist of privately held companies. One investment class within private equity is fixed-income private equity, which functions as a bond fund investing in various fixed-income securities, including corporate, municipal, and treasury bonds, on a centralized stock exchange. This differs from most corporate bonds, which are typically sold through bond brokers, limiting exposure to the stock exchange for bond buyers. Fixed-income private equity offers investors regular, fixed returns over a defined period, similar to bank fixed deposits. The PE industry is driven by skilled professionals seeking value-creating capabilities through strategic pathways. Key catalysts include sovereign wealth funds, pension schemes, and high net individuals. Private equity deals span various sectors, such as energy & power, and non-hazardous solid waste, recycling services, and waste-to-energy solutions. Technological innovation, particularly in the tech sector, is a significant focus, with digital disruption impacting early-stage startups and mature tech companies alike. Private equity fund managers employ various investment tools, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, equity stakes, debt financing, and public markets, to build and expand their portfolio companies. Exit strategy considerations, regulatory complexities, and evolving compliance requirements are essential factors in the private equity landscape. Capital allocation, fund returns, and investment structures are crucial elements for fund managers to navigate, along with transaction value, cash reserves, and market forces.

Get a glance at the market report of share of various segments Requ

This dataset provides values for PRIVATE DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Angola owed China nearly 22 billion U.S. dollars in 2020. The Asiatic country was Angola's main bilateral creditor, with a share of 43 percent of the Angolan public external debt. The United Kingdom came in second, holding around 12.6 billion U.S. dollars of Angola's debt. Overall, the Angolan public external debt increased to over 50 billion U.S. dollars in the said period.