List of basic characteristics of literature.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

China Import: HS 8: Parts of Compressors of Subheading Nos. 84143011-84143014, 84143090 data was reported at 111.332 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 118.148 RMB mn for Feb 2025. China Import: HS 8: Parts of Compressors of Subheading Nos. 84143011-84143014, 84143090 data is updated monthly, averaging 153.053 RMB mn from Jan 2015 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 123 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 236.617 RMB mn in Nov 2016 and a record low of 61.278 RMB mn in Jan 2025. China Import: HS 8: Parts of Compressors of Subheading Nos. 84143011-84143014, 84143090 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Administration of Customs. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s International Trade – Table CN.JKF: RMB: HS84: Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Parts Thereof.

The distribution of literature types in the cohort studies.

Subscribers can access export and import data for 80 countries using HS codes or product names-ideal for informed market analysis.

This repository provides raw data of citation tones of Beijing dialect extracted from recordings and experimental results since 1900.

• Azoulay, Léon (ed.). 1900. Exposition Universelle de Paris, 1900.
  • Unpublished recordings on wax cylinders.
    The first take of citation tones of Beijing dialect is on item No. 78 (cylinder No. 115), and the second take is on items Nos. 76 & 77 (cylinders Nos. 109 & 110).
  • Digitized by the Centre de recherche en ethnomusicologie, Laboratoire d’ethnologie et de sociologie comparative. (Nos. 76, 77 & 78)
  • Extracted data: 1900 Azoulay, 1st take.csv and 1900 Azoulay, 2nd take.csv.
• Wang, Pu 王璞. 1920. Zhonghua Guoyin liushengjipian 中華國音留聲機片 [Chinese National Phonetic record]. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company.
  • Six 11.5-inch 80 rpm vertical-cut phonograph records produced by Pathé Records in Paris.
    The demonstration of citation tones (Lesson 6) is on Disc 3, Side B, catalog number 34001⁶.
  • Partially digitized by the National Taiwan University Library. (Disc 3)
  • Extracted data: 1920 Wang.csv.
• Chao, Yuen Ren 趙元任. 1922a. Guoyu liushengji pian 國語留聲機片 [National Language record]. Shanghai: The Commercial Press.
  • Eight 10-inch 78 rpm phonograph records produced by Columbia Phonograph Company in New York, catalog number W1.
    The demonstration of citation tones (Lesson 7) is on Disc 4, Side A, matrix number 93282.
  • Digitized by the National Taiwan University Library. (Disc 4)
  • Also digitized by the Chinese University of Hong Kong Library. (Discs 1–8) (not used in this study)
  • Extracted data: 1922a Chao.csv.
• Shu, Chien Chun. 1930. Chinese (Linguaphone Language Courses). London: Linguaphone Institute.
  • Sixteen 10-inch 78 rpm phonograph records.
    The demonstration of citation tones is on Disc 1, Side A, catalog number C.1.E. (titled “Chinese course: Lesson No. 1”), and Disc 16, Side A, catalog number C.S.1.E. (titled “Chinese sounds: No. 1”).
  • Digitized by Beijing Dianji yu Jingdian Lao Changpian Shuzihua Chuban Xiangmu 北京典籍与经典老唱片数字化出版项目 [Beijing Classics and Old Records Digital Publishing Project]. (Discs 1 & 16)
  • Also digitized by the Great 78 Project. (Discs 1 & 16) (not used in this study)
  • Extracted data: 1930 Shu.csv.
• Pai, Ti-chou 白滌洲 1933. Biaozhun Guoyin 標準國音 [Standard National Pronunciation]. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company.
  • Four 10-inch 78 rpm phonograph records produced by Great China Record Company in Shanghai.
    The demonstration of citation tones (Side 5) is on Disc 3, Side A, catalog number 18-A.
  • Partially digitized by the National Taiwan University Library. (Disc 3)
  • Extracted data: 1933 Pai.csv.

• Karlgren, Bernhard. 1915. Études sur la Phonologie chinoise (Archives d’Études Orientales 15), vol. 1. Leyde: E. J. Brill. (Brittle Books | Internet Archive)
  • Extracted data: 1915 Karlgren.csv (from pp. 253–259).
• Chao, Yuen Ren 趙元任. 1922c. Zhongguo yanyu zidiao di shiyan yanjiufa 中國言語字調底實驗硏究法 [The methods for investigation of the intonation of Chinese language]. Kexue 科學 7(9). 871–882.
  • Extracted data: 1922c Chao.csv.
• Liu, Fu. 1925. Étude expérimentale sur les tons du Chinois. Paris: Les Belles Lettres. (Gallica)
  • Extracted data: 1925 Liu.csv (from Pl. XI).
• Obata, Jûichi 小幡重一 & Tesima, Takehiko 豊島武彦. 1934. Shina-go no butsuri onseigakuteki kenkyū: Shisei no seishitsu 支那語の物理音聲學的研究:四聲の性質 [Physicophonetic study of Chinese language: Properties of the four tones]. Nippon Sugaku-Buturigakkwaishi 日本数学物理学会誌 8(1). 1–10. (DOI: 10.11429/subutsukaishi1927.8.1)
  • Extracted data: 1934 Obata & Tesima.csv (from speaker Xiangyin Bao 包象寅 in Figures 2a and 2e).
• Pai, Ti-chou 白滌洲. 1934. Beijingyu shengdiao ji bianhua 北京語声調及变化 [Tones and changes of Beijing dialect].
  • Manuscript.
  • Partially published in Luo, Changpei 羅常培 & Wang, Jun 王均. 1957. Putong yuyinxue gangyao 普通語音学綱要 [Outline of general phonetics], 125–127. Beijing: Science Press.
  • Extracted data: 1934 Pai.csv.

• Lin, Tao 林焘 & Zhou, Yimin 周一民 & Cai, Wenlan 蔡文兰. 1998. Beijinghua yindang 北京话音档 [Phonetic archive of Beijing dialect] (Xiandai Hanyu Fangyan Yinku 现代汉语方言音库 [Phonetic Database of Modern Chinese Dialects] 1). Shanghai: Shanghai Education Publishing House.
  • Includes sound recordings on the accompanying tape.
  • I directly cite extracted data (mean and standard deviation) from Shi, Shaowei 石少伟. 2007. Xiandai Hanyu Fangyan Yinku danzidiao shiyan yanjiu 《现代汉语方言音库》单字调实验研究 [Experimental study on monosyllabic tones in Phonetic Database of Modern Chinese Dialects]. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University. (Master’s thesis.) (DOI: 10.7666/d.y1116983)
  • Data: 1998 Lin et al..csv.
• Sanders, Robert & Shi, Feng 石锋. 2003. Hanyu Yuyin Shujuku 汉语语音数据库 [Chinese Phonetic Database].
  • Unpublished speech corpus.
  • Extracted data: 2003 Sanders & Shi.csv (from Speakers 39, 41, 42 & 45).

• Li, Deyang 李德鍚 & Zhang, Dequan 張德泉. 1909. Dengmi yinyu 燈謎隱語 [Lantern riddles]. Paris: Pathé Records.
  • 11.5-inch 90 rpm center-start vertical-cut phonograph record, catalog number 32573.
  • Reissued in Shanghai in the 1920s on 11.5-inch 80 rpm outside-start vertical-cut discs, under the same catalog number.
  • The reissue was remastered in the 2007 documentary Xiangsheng Dashi 相声大师

The scores of cohort studies on the Newcastle–Ottawa items.

China Export: HS 8: Parts of Apparatus of Subheading Nos. 8516.2910, 8516.8000 data was reported at 28.577 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 15.032 RMB mn for Feb 2025. China Export: HS 8: Parts of Apparatus of Subheading Nos. 8516.2910, 8516.8000 data is updated monthly, averaging 20.295 RMB mn from Jan 2015 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 123 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38.009 RMB mn in Aug 2022 and a record low of 4.115 RMB mn in Feb 2020. China Export: HS 8: Parts of Apparatus of Subheading Nos. 8516.2910, 8516.8000 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Administration of Customs. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s International Trade – Table CN.JKF: RMB: HS85: Electrical Machinery and Equipment and Parts Thereof; Sound Recorders and Reproducers, Television Image and Sound Recorders and Reproducers, and Parts.

ObjectiveTo evaluate systematically the quality of the cohort studies on rheumatic diseases in China.MethodsRelevant databases were searched to find cohort studies on rheumatic diseases in China, and the basic information included in the literature was extracted and analyzed. Chinese and English literature were then compared with regard to methodological quality, according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsIn total, we included 46 cohort studies, with 19 studies published in English and 27 studies published in Chinese. With regard to the basic characteristics of the literature, 78.26% of the studies were published in the past four years; 16 studies were associated with hyperuricemia, followed by eight studies involving systemic lupus erythematosus. The sample size of the studies in Chinese was lower than that in English studies (P< 0.05). The English literature was superior to the Chinese literature in terms of informed consent, ethical review and selection of statistical analysis methods. The methodology quality of the 46 included studies showed that the English and Chinese NOS scores were 5.59 ± 1.25 and 6.06 ± 1.11, respectively, and the difference was significant (P< 0.01). The “representativeness of the exposed group”, “demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study”, and the “adequacy of follow up of cohorts” scores were relatively low in Chinese and English studies. The score for “was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur” item in English was higher than that in the Chinese studies; however, the “study controls for the most important factor” score for Chinese papers was better than that for the English papers.ConclusionThe Chinese rheumatic disease cohort studies started late, with a small sample size and fewer types of rheumatism. The quality of Chinese studies was better than English studies, and all reports were insufficient. In particular, “selecting exposed groups”, “controlling the outcomes before study implementation” and “adequacy of follow-up” needed improvement.

Subscribers can access export and import data for 80 countries using HS codes or product names-ideal for informed market analysis.

In June 2025, consumer prices for food products in China decreased by 0.3 percent compared to the same month of the previous year. On an annual average basis, food inflation reached -0.6 percent in 2024. This was lower than overall consumer price inflation, which ranged at 0.2 percent in 2024.

Subscribers can access export and import data for 80 countries using HS codes or product names-ideal for informed market analysis.

As ações de bens mantidas por empresas na China aumentaram em 8740 CNY Centenas de Milhões em 2023. Esta página fornece - China Variações nos Inventários - valores reais, dados históricos, previsão, gráfico, estatísticas, calendário econômico e notícias.

China Import: HS 8: Tools of Two or More of Heading Nos 82.02 to 82.05, in Sets for Retail data was reported at 66.174 kg th in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 69.645 kg th for Feb 2025. China Import: HS 8: Tools of Two or More of Heading Nos 82.02 to 82.05, in Sets for Retail data is updated monthly, averaging 63.791 kg th from Jan 2015 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 123 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 139.881 kg th in Jan 2018 and a record low of 22.209 kg th in Feb 2020. China Import: HS 8: Tools of Two or More of Heading Nos 82.02 to 82.05, in Sets for Retail data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Administration of Customs. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s International Trade – Table CN.JKG: Quantity: HS82: Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Spoons and Forks, of Base Metal; Parts Thereof of Base Metal.

Subscribers can access export and import data for 80 countries using HS codes or product names-ideal for informed market analysis.

China Export: HS 8: Tools of Two or More of Heading Nos 82.02 to 82.05, in Sets for Retail data was reported at 645.530 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 322.284 RMB mn for Feb 2025. China Export: HS 8: Tools of Two or More of Heading Nos 82.02 to 82.05, in Sets for Retail data is updated monthly, averaging 449.224 RMB mn from Jan 2015 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 123 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 773.853 RMB mn in Jul 2023 and a record low of 74.043 RMB mn in Feb 2020. China Export: HS 8: Tools of Two or More of Heading Nos 82.02 to 82.05, in Sets for Retail data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Administration of Customs. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s International Trade – Table CN.JKF: RMB: HS82: Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Spoons and Forks, of Base Metal; Parts Thereof of Base Metal.

China Import: HS 8: Parts nes of Machinery of Headings Nos. 84.26, 84.29, 84.30 data was reported at 690.280 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 477.783 RMB mn for Feb 2025. China Import: HS 8: Parts nes of Machinery of Headings Nos. 84.26, 84.29, 84.30 data is updated monthly, averaging 525.960 RMB mn from Jan 2015 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 123 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 858.849 RMB mn in May 2018 and a record low of 228.476 RMB mn in Oct 2015. China Import: HS 8: Parts nes of Machinery of Headings Nos. 84.26, 84.29, 84.30 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Administration of Customs. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s International Trade – Table CN.JKF: RMB: HS84: Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Parts Thereof.

Subscribers can access export and import data for 80 countries using HS codes or product names-ideal for informed market analysis.

Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Service Protocol: Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Application Profile: Web Browser. Link Function: information

Quality assessment of cohort studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.