In 2024, the average number of children born per 1,000 people in China ranged at ****. The birth rate has dropped considerably since 2016, and the number of births fell below the number of deaths in 2022 for the first time in decades, leading to a negative population growth rate. Recent development of the birth rate Similar to most East-Asian countries and territories, demographics in China today are characterized by a very low fertility rate. As low fertility in the long-term limits economic growth and leads to heavy strains on the pension and health systems, the Chinese government decided to support childbirth by gradually relaxing strict birth control measures, that had been in place for three decades. However, the effect of this policy change was considerably smaller than expected. The birth rate increased from **** births per 1,000 inhabitants in 2010 to ***** births in 2012 and remained on a higher level for a couple of years, but then dropped again to a new low in 2018. This illustrates that other factors constrain the number of births today. These factors are most probably similar to those experienced in other developed countries as well: women preferring career opportunities over maternity, high costs for bringing up children, and changed social norms, to name only the most important ones. Future demographic prospects Between 2020 and 2023, the birth rate in China dropped to formerly unknown lows, most probably influenced by the coronavirus pandemic. As all COVID-19 restrictions were lifted by the end of 2022, births figures showed a catch-up effect in 2024. However, the scope of the rebound might be limited. A population breakdown by five-year age groups indicates that the drop in the number of births is also related to a shrinking number of people with child-bearing age. The age groups between 15 and 29 years today are considerably smaller than those between 30 and 44, leaving less space for the birth rate to increase. This effect is exacerbated by a considerable gender gap within younger age groups in China, with the number of females being much lower than that of males.

In 2024, around **** million babies were born in China. The number of births has increased slightly from **** million in the previous year, but is much lower than the ***** million births recorded in 2016. Demographic development in China In 2022, the Chinese population decreased for the first time in decades, and population decline is expected to accelerate in the upcoming years. To curb the negative effects of an aging population, the Chinese government decided in 2013 to gradually relax the so called one-child-policy, which had been in effect since 1979. From 2016 onwards, parents in China were allowed to have two children in general. However, as the recent figures of births per year reveal, this policy change had only short-term effects on the general birth rate: the number of births slightly increased from 2014 onwards, but then started to fell again in 2018. In 2024, China was the second most populous country in the world, overtaken by India that year. China’s aging population The Chinese society is aging rapidly and facing a serious demographic shift towards older age groups. The median age of China’s population has increased massively from about ** years in 1970 to **** years in 2020 and is projected to rise continuously until 2080. In 2020, approximately **** percent of the Chinese were 60 years and older, a figure that is forecast to rise as high as ** percent by 2060. This shift in demographic development will increase social and elderly support expenditure of the society as a whole. One measure for this social imbalance is the old-age dependency ratio, measuring the relationship between economic dependent older age groups and the working-age population. The old-age dependency ratio in China is expected to soar to ** percent in 2060, implying that by then three working-age persons will have to support two elderly persons.

ObjectiveUntil now, little was known about the epidemiological characteristics of twins in China due to a lack of reliable national data. In this study, we aimed to analyze temporal trends and perinatal mortality of twins from China.MethodsData on twins between 2007 and 2014 were obtained from the China National Population-Based Birth Defects Surveillance System. Twin and singleton deliveries after at least 28 weeks of gestation were recruited and followed until postnatal day 42. Twinning rates were defined as the number of twin individuals per 1000 births(stillbirths and live births). The Weinberg’s differential method was utilized to estimate the number of monozygotic and dizygotic twins.ResultsDuring 2007–2014, the twinning rate increased by 32.3% from 16.4 to 21.7 per 1000 total births with an average of 18.8‰. Among twins, both the perinatal mortality rate (26.1 per 1000 total births) and neonatal death rate (15.7 per 1000 live births) presented a downward tendency but remained at a high level. Large urban-rural and geographic disparities were identified in twinning rates, in perinatal and neonatal mortality, and in their temporal trends.ConclusionsThe upward trend of twinning rates in China paired with the relatively high rates of perinatal and neonatal mortality among twins highlights the need for improved perinatal care in the light of socio-demographic differences.

BackgroundAccording to the Seventh National Census, China’s fertility rate is less than 1.5, marking a significant national issue with potential risks. To counter this low birth rate, the Chinese government has relaxed family planning policies and introduced supportive measures.PurposeChanges in birth policy have attracted considerable attention from the people of China. This article aims to study the public’s response to the three-child support policy using Weibo as a window. The goal is to provide a more balanced evaluation of current perspectives, enabling policymakers to formulate better fertility information, particularly when anticipating a poor public response to controversial policies.MethodologyThis research uses a crawler to gather data from Sina Weibo. Through opinion mining of Weibo posts on the three-child policy, Weibo users’ online opinions on the three-child policy are analyzed from two perspectives: their attention content and sentiment tendency. Using an interrupted time series, it examines changes in online views on the policy, matching policy documents to the time nodes of Weibo posts.FindingsThe public has shown great interest in and provided short-term positive feedback on policies related to improving maternity insurance, birth rewards, and housing subsidies. In contrast, there has been a continuous negative response to policies such as extending maternity leave, which has particularly sparked concerns among women regarding future employment and marital rights protection. On social media, the public’s attention to the three-child birth policy has focused mainly on the protection of women’s rights, especially legal rights after childbirth, and issues related to physical and mental health. Child-rearing support and economic pressure are also hot topics, involving the daily expenses of multichild families, childcare services, and housing pressure. However, this study also revealed that infertile or single women express a strong desire to have children, but due to limitations in the personal medical insurance system, this desire has not been fully satisfied.ContributionsOur study demonstrates the feasibility of a rapid and flexible method for evaluating the public response to various three-child supportive policies in China using near real-time social media data. This information can help policy makers anticipate public responses to future pandemic three-child policies and ensure that adequate resources are dedicated to addressing increases in negative sentiment and levels of disagreement in the face of scientifically informed but controversial, restrictions.

In 2024, the mortality rate in China ranged at approximately 7.76 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants. The mortality rate in China displayed an uneven development over the last two decades. This is mainly related to the very uneven sizes of Chinese age groups, improvements in health care, and the occurrence of epidemics. However, an overall growing trend is undisputable and related to China's aging population. As the share of the population aged 60 and above will be growing significantly over the upcoming two decades, the mortality rate will further increase in the years ahead. Population in China China was the second most populous country in the world in 2024. However, due to several mechanisms put into place by the Chinese government as well as changing circumstances in the working and social environment of the Chinese people, population growth has subsided over the past decades and finally turned negative in 2022. The major factor for this development was a set of policies introduced by the Chinese government in 1979, including the so-called one-child policy, which was intended to improve people’s living standards by limiting the population growth. However, with the decreasing birth rate and slower population growth, China nowadays is facing the problems of a rapidly aging population. Birth control in China According to the one-child policy, a married couple was only allowed to have one child. Only under certain circumstances were parents allowed to have a second child. As the performance of family control had long been related to the assessment of local government’s achievements, violations of the rule were severely punished. The birth control in China led to a decreasing birth rate and a more skewed gender ratio of new births due to a widely preference for male children in the Chinese society. Nowadays, since China’s population is aging rapidly, the one-child policy has been re-considered as an obstacle for the country’s further economic development. Since 2014, the one-child policy has been gradually relaxed and fully eliminated at the end of 2015. In May 2021, a new three-child policy has been introduced. However, many young Chinese people today are not willing to have more children due to high costs of raising a child, especially in urban areas.

BackgroundAccording to the Seventh National Census, China’s fertility rate is less than 1.5, marking a significant national issue with potential risks. To counter this low birth rate, the Chinese government has relaxed family planning policies and introduced supportive measures.PurposeChanges in birth policy have attracted considerable attention from the people of China. This article aims to study the public’s response to the three-child support policy using Weibo as a window. The goal is to provide a more balanced evaluation of current perspectives, enabling policymakers to formulate better fertility information, particularly when anticipating a poor public response to controversial policies.MethodologyThis research uses a crawler to gather data from Sina Weibo. Through opinion mining of Weibo posts on the three-child policy, Weibo users’ online opinions on the three-child policy are analyzed from two perspectives: their attention content and sentiment tendency. Using an interrupted time series, it examines changes in online views on the policy, matching policy documents to the time nodes of Weibo posts.FindingsThe public has shown great interest in and provided short-term positive feedback on policies related to improving maternity insurance, birth rewards, and housing subsidies. In contrast, there has been a continuous negative response to policies such as extending maternity leave, which has particularly sparked concerns among women regarding future employment and marital rights protection. On social media, the public’s attention to the three-child birth policy has focused mainly on the protection of women’s rights, especially legal rights after childbirth, and issues related to physical and mental health. Child-rearing support and economic pressure are also hot topics, involving the daily expenses of multichild families, childcare services, and housing pressure. However, this study also revealed that infertile or single women express a strong desire to have children, but due to limitations in the personal medical insurance system, this desire has not been fully satisfied.ContributionsOur study demonstrates the feasibility of a rapid and flexible method for evaluating the public response to various three-child supportive policies in China using near real-time social media data. This information can help policy makers anticipate public responses to future pandemic three-child policies and ensure that adequate resources are dedicated to addressing increases in negative sentiment and levels of disagreement in the face of scientifically informed but controversial, restrictions.

China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao Online Sales: YoY: Product Average Price data was reported at 0.110 % in Aug 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.940 % for Jul 2020. China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao Online Sales: YoY: Product Average Price data is updated monthly, averaging 11.640 % from Jul 2019 (Median) to Aug 2020, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.450 % in Aug 2019 and a record low of -3.040 % in Jun 2020. China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao Online Sales: YoY: Product Average Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Moojing Market Intelligence. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Consumer Goods and Services – Table CN.HTB: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: YoY: Personal Care and Daily Use Good.

China Baby and Children Diaper: Tmall Online Sales: Product Average Price data was reported at 91.630 RMB in Aug 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 88.560 RMB for Jul 2020. China Baby and Children Diaper: Tmall Online Sales: Product Average Price data is updated monthly, averaging 92.150 RMB from Jun 2019 (Median) to Aug 2020, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 125.800 RMB in Nov 2019 and a record low of 80.520 RMB in Jul 2019. China Baby and Children Diaper: Tmall Online Sales: Product Average Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Moojing Market Intelligence. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Consumer Goods and Services – Table CN.HTB: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: Personal Care and Daily Use Good.

BackgroundThe global prevalence of infertility is 9%, with male factors potentially accounting for 40% to 60% of cases. Conventional treatments can be ineffective, invasive, costly, and linked to adverse effects and high risks. Previous studies have shown that, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) can regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis, improve sperm abnormalities and quality, mitigate oxidative stress, and decrease DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Yet, the evidence backing the use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for treating male factor infertility lacks conviction due to study design limitations, and there remains a scarcity of studies on the live birth rate following CHM treatment for male factor infertility. Here, we describe the rationale and design of a randomized waitlist-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of CHM on the live birth rate among males with infertility.MethodsThis study is a single-center, randomized, waitlist-controlled study. A total of 250 couples diagnosed with male factor infertility will be enrolled in this study and then randomly allocated into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. Male participants in CHM group (treatment group) will receive CHM once a day for 3 months. Male participants in the waitlist group (control group) will not receive any treatment for 3 months. After 3 months, participants in both groups need to be followed up for another 12 months. The primary outcome will be the live birth rate; secondary outcomes include semen quality parameters, DFI and pregnancy related outcomes. Safety will also be assessed.DiscussionThe purpose of this trial is to explore the effects and safety of CHM on the live birth rate among couples dealing with male factor infertility. The outcome of this trial may provide a viable treatment option for male factor infertility.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200064416. Registered on 7 October 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn.

BackgroundAccording to the Seventh National Census, China’s fertility rate is less than 1.5, marking a significant national issue with potential risks. To counter this low birth rate, the Chinese government has relaxed family planning policies and introduced supportive measures.PurposeChanges in birth policy have attracted considerable attention from the people of China. This article aims to study the public’s response to the three-child support policy using Weibo as a window. The goal is to provide a more balanced evaluation of current perspectives, enabling policymakers to formulate better fertility information, particularly when anticipating a poor public response to controversial policies.MethodologyThis research uses a crawler to gather data from Sina Weibo. Through opinion mining of Weibo posts on the three-child policy, Weibo users’ online opinions on the three-child policy are analyzed from two perspectives: their attention content and sentiment tendency. Using an interrupted time series, it examines changes in online views on the policy, matching policy documents to the time nodes of Weibo posts.FindingsThe public has shown great interest in and provided short-term positive feedback on policies related to improving maternity insurance, birth rewards, and housing subsidies. In contrast, there has been a continuous negative response to policies such as extending maternity leave, which has particularly sparked concerns among women regarding future employment and marital rights protection. On social media, the public’s attention to the three-child birth policy has focused mainly on the protection of women’s rights, especially legal rights after childbirth, and issues related to physical and mental health. Child-rearing support and economic pressure are also hot topics, involving the daily expenses of multichild families, childcare services, and housing pressure. However, this study also revealed that infertile or single women express a strong desire to have children, but due to limitations in the personal medical insurance system, this desire has not been fully satisfied.ContributionsOur study demonstrates the feasibility of a rapid and flexible method for evaluating the public response to various three-child supportive policies in China using near real-time social media data. This information can help policy makers anticipate public responses to future pandemic three-child policies and ensure that adequate resources are dedicated to addressing increases in negative sentiment and levels of disagreement in the face of scientifically informed but controversial, restrictions.

As of 2021, Chinese families with children aged eight years and younger spent roughly ***** minutes per day on parental accompanying reading. That year, the parent-child reading rate in the early childhood before nine years old amounted to **** percent in China.

In 2024, approximately ******* births and ******* deaths of the total resident population were registered in Shanghai municipality in China. Despite the gradual relaxation of the one-child policy and its final abolition in 2016, the number of births in China did not increase sustainably. The birth rate in Shanghai declined considerably in recent years, while the death rate is increasing gradually and will further grow in the future due to the aging of the society.

China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao Online Sales: Product Average Price data was reported at 64.060 RMB in Aug 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 66.480 RMB for Jul 2020. China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao Online Sales: Product Average Price data is updated monthly, averaging 66.350 RMB from Jun 2019 (Median) to Aug 2020, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 75.470 RMB in Apr 2020 and a record low of 60.630 RMB in Jun 2020. China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao Online Sales: Product Average Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Moojing Market Intelligence. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Consumer Goods and Services – Table CN.HTB: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: Personal Care and Daily Use Good.

China YiWu Small Commodity Price Index: Daily Necessity: Baby Supply data was reported at 100.000 Jul2006=100 in 22 Jul 2024. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 Jul2006=100 for 15 Jul 2024. China YiWu Small Commodity Price Index: Daily Necessity: Baby Supply data is updated daily, averaging 99.040 Jul2006=100 from Sep 2006 (Median) to 22 Jul 2024, with 869 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 197.910 Jul2006=100 in 23 Jun 2008 and a record low of 76.000 Jul2006=100 in 19 Apr 2021. China YiWu Small Commodity Price Index: Daily Necessity: Baby Supply data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Yiwu City Government. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table CN.OQ: YiWu Small Commodity Price Index: Weekly.

China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: Product Average Price data was reported at 86.180 RMB in Aug 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 83.690 RMB for Jul 2020. China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: Product Average Price data is updated monthly, averaging 86.980 RMB from Jun 2019 (Median) to Aug 2020, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 116.400 RMB in Nov 2019 and a record low of 75.990 RMB in Jul 2019. China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: Product Average Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Moojing Market Intelligence. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Consumer Goods and Services – Table CN.HTB: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: Personal Care and Daily Use Good.

China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: MoM: Product Average Price data was reported at 2.980 % in Aug 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of -16.590 % for Jul 2020. China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: MoM: Product Average Price data is updated monthly, averaging 2.980 % from Jun 2019 (Median) to Aug 2020, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 50.410 % in Nov 2019 and a record low of -27.470 % in Dec 2019. China Baby and Children Diaper: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: MoM: Product Average Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Moojing Market Intelligence. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Consumer Goods and Services – Table CN.HTB: Taobao and Tmall Online Sales: MoM: Personal Care and Daily Use Good.

As a multicultural country led by 3 different races, it was a tough journey for Malaya (now known as Malaysia) to continue preserving their own unique identity. In the 16th century, they fell into the hands of Portuguese Colonists, then the Dutch, Britishs and eventually the Japanese occupation and communist threat in the 1940s.

Although things eventually became better when the Japanese surrendered, the imbalance in racial composition between the original Malay settlers and Chinese immigrants sparked numerous civil wars between the 2 races (which eventually led to the separation of Singapore from Malaya in 1965). Although these racial tensions are still present today in 2023, matters have been way peaceful except on some occasions where manipulative politicians raise these issues again to prepare for a potential coup d'etat.

This is a simple dataset with only a date and number of births on that day, great for Time Series forecasting.

Notable historical events which might influence the birth rate: 08/12/1941 - 05/09/1945 : Japanese Occupation of Malaya 16/06/1948 - 02/12/1989 : Communist Insurgency in Malaya 16/09/1963 : Founding of Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak is combined with the Malay Peninsular) 09/08/1965 : Separation of Singapore from Malaysia. 13/05/1969 : (May 13 Incident) Racial clash between ethnic Malays and Chinese leading to a state of emergency.

Do leave me a message if you have any questions!

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global baby diapers market was $XX Million by 2030, whereas its CAGR with be XX% from 2024 to 2031.

  There was moderate growth in the baby diaper market between 2024 to 2023 as it will expand by XX%.
  The key factors that shape the growth of the baby diaper market are, sustainability concerns driving diaper industry innovation, changing lifestyles leading to evolving diaper preferences, and Emerging economies present growth opportunities for diaper manufacturers.  
The US currently holds the Major share in the baby diaper market, accounting to XX% CAGR where there is a big market for disposable diapers in working women with rising disposable income.
  Germany is one of the emerging players as a significant player in this market lately, with a CAGR of XX%.
  China’s baby diaper industry held a CAGR of XX%. China's baby diaper industry is being driven by a combination of factors, including an increasing population, rising disposable income, urbanization, and changing consumer preferences.
  With the world becoming more digitalized by the day people are getting exposed to the idea of hygiene more, and this growing knowledge of infant hygiene is driving the baby diapers market’s growth.
  The purchasing power of consumers in North America and Europe is relatively high compared to other regions in the world. This higher purchasing power allows them to spend more on high-quality, premium baby products.
  The challenges for the baby diaper market are the rising environmental concerns from disposable diapers as the world is scarce on resources and people are shifting towards more sustainable practices.
Another challenge is the declining fertility rate which is prevalent across the globe and will directly influence the demand for baby diapers.

Market Dynamics of

Baby Diapers Market

Key Drivers for

Baby Diapers Market

Increasing Birth Rates and Population Growth: Emerging economies, particularly in the Asia-Pacific and Africa regions, are witnessing an increase in birth rates, which directly enhances the demand for baby diapers. Urbanization and advancements in healthcare infrastructure contribute to improved infant survival rates, thereby broadening the consumer base. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at promoting child health and hygiene significantly influence market expansion. Rising Disposable Income and Changing Lifestyles: With the increase in household incomes, particularly in developing countries, parents are increasingly inclined to invest in convenient and high-quality baby care products. The transition from traditional cloth diapers to disposable alternatives is accelerating, driven by busy lifestyles and the demand for hassle-free solutions. Premium and eco-friendly diaper options are becoming increasingly popular among affluent consumers. Growing Awareness of Hygiene and Health Concerns: Parents are increasingly aware of the importance of infant hygiene, resulting in a higher adoption rate of disposable diapers that minimize the risk of infections. Marketing campaigns from leading brands highlight the advantages of dryness, comfort, and skin protection, which significantly influence purchasing choices. Furthermore, innovations in diaper materials that help prevent rashes and allergies are further propelling demand.

Key Restraints for

Baby Diapers Market

Environmental Concerns and Regulatory Challenges: The non-biodegradable characteristics of standard disposable diapers have attracted criticism from environmental organizations, prompting governments to enforce more stringent regulations. Companies are under pressure to incorporate sustainable materials, which may lead to increased production expenses. A number of parents are transitioning to reusable cloth diapers or biodegradable options, which is impacting the sales of conventional diapers. High Cost of Premium and Organic Diapers: Although eco-friendly and organic diapers are becoming more popular, their elevated price limits their adoption in cost-sensitive markets. Consumers with lower incomes in developing areas continue to depend on less expensive alternatives or traditional cloth diapers. Economic downturns and inflation may further limit expenditures on premium baby car...

The statistic shows the 20 countries with the lowest fertility rates in 2024. All figures are estimates. In 2024, the fertility rate in Taiwan was estimated to be at 1.11 children per woman, making it the lowest fertility rate worldwide. Fertility rate The fertility rate is the average number of children born per woman of child-bearing age in a country. Usually, a woman aged between 15 and 45 is considered to be in her child-bearing years. The fertility rate of a country provides an insight into its economic state, as well as the level of health and education of its population. Developing countries usually have a higher fertility rate due to lack of access to birth control and contraception, and to women usually foregoing a higher education, or even any education at all, in favor of taking care of housework. Many families in poorer countries also need their children to help provide for the family by starting to work early and/or as caretakers for their parents in old age. In developed countries, fertility rates and birth rates are usually much lower, as birth control is easier to obtain and women often choose a career before becoming a mother. Additionally, if the number of women of child-bearing age declines, so does the fertility rate of a country. As can be seen above, countries like Hong Kong are a good example for women leaving the patriarchal structures and focusing on their own career instead of becoming a mother at a young age, causing a decline of the country’s fertility rate. A look at the fertility rate per woman worldwide by income group also shows that women with a low income tend to have more children than those with a high income. The United States are neither among the countries with the lowest, nor among those with the highest fertility rate, by the way. At 2.08 children per woman, the fertility rate in the US has been continuously slightly below the global average of about 2.4 children per woman over the last decade.

The region of present-day China has historically been the most populous region in the world; however, its population development has fluctuated throughout history. In 2022, China was overtaken as the most populous country in the world, and current projections suggest its population is heading for a rapid decline in the coming decades. Transitions of power lead to mortality The source suggests that conflict, and the diseases brought with it, were the major obstacles to population growth throughout most of the Common Era, particularly during transitions of power between various dynasties and rulers. It estimates that the total population fell by approximately 30 million people during the 14th century due to the impact of Mongol invasions, which inflicted heavy losses on the northern population through conflict, enslavement, food instability, and the introduction of bubonic plague. Between 1850 and 1870, the total population fell once more, by more than 50 million people, through further conflict, famine and disease; the most notable of these was the Taiping Rebellion, although the Miao an Panthay Rebellions, and the Dungan Revolt, also had large death tolls. The third plague pandemic also originated in Yunnan in 1855, which killed approximately two million people in China. 20th and 21st centuries There were additional conflicts at the turn of the 20th century, which had significant geopolitical consequences for China, but did not result in the same high levels of mortality seen previously. It was not until the overlapping Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) and Second World War (1937-1945) where the death tolls reached approximately 10 and 20 million respectively. Additionally, as China attempted to industrialize during the Great Leap Forward (1958-1962), economic and agricultural mismanagement resulted in the deaths of tens of millions (possibly as many as 55 million) in less than four years, during the Great Chinese Famine. This mortality is not observable on the given dataset, due to the rapidity of China's demographic transition over the entire period; this saw improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and infrastructure result in sweeping changes across the population. The early 2020s marked some significant milestones in China's demographics, where it was overtaken by India as the world's most populous country, and its population also went into decline. Current projections suggest that China is heading for a "demographic disaster", as its rapidly aging population is placing significant burdens on China's economy, government, and society. In stark contrast to the restrictive "one-child policy" of the past, the government has introduced a series of pro-fertility incentives for couples to have larger families, although the impact of these policies are yet to materialize. If these current projections come true, then China's population may be around half its current size by the end of the century.