Abstract (en): IIMMLA was supported by the Russell Sage Foundation. Since 1991, the Russell Sage Foundation has funded a program of research aimed at assessing how well the young adult offspring of recent immigrants are faring as they move through American schools and into the labor market. Two previous major studies have begun to tell us about the paths to incorporation of the children of contemporary immigrants: The Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), and the Immigrant Second Generation in New York study. The Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles study is the third major initiative analyzing the progress of the new second generation in the United States. The Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles (IIMMLA) study focused on young adult children of immigrants (1.5- and second-generation) in greater Los Angeles. IIMMLA investigated mobility among young adult (ages 20-39) children of immigrants in metropolitan Los Angeles and, in the case of the Mexican-origin population there, among young adult members of the third- or later generations. The five-county Los Angeles metropolitan area (Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, Riverside and San Bernardino counties) contains the largest concentrations of Mexicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Filipinos, Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans, and other nationalities in the United States. The diverse migration histories and modes of incorporation of these groups made the Los Angeles metropolitan area a strategic choice for a comparison study of the pathways of immigrant incorporation and mobility from one generation to the next. The IIMMLA study compared six foreign-born (1.5-generation) and foreign-parentage (second-generation) groups (Mexicans, Vietnamese, Filipinos, Koreans, Chinese, and Central Americans from Guatemala and El Salvador) with three native-born and native-parentage comparison groups (third- or later-generation Mexican Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks). The targeted groups represent both the diversity of modes of incorporation in the United States and the range of occupational backgrounds and immigration status among contemporary immigrants (from professionals and entrepreneurs to laborers, refugees, and unauthorized migrants). The surveys provide basic demographic information as well as extensive data about socio-cultural orientation and mobility (e.g., language use, ethnic identity, religion, remittances, intermarriage, experiences of discrimination), economic mobility (e.g., parents' background, respondents' education, first and current job, wealth and income, encounters with the law), geographic mobility (childhood and present neighborhood of residence), and civic engagement and politics (political attitudes, voting behavior, as well as naturalization and transnational ties). ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Performed consistency checks.; Standardized missing values.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Young adults aged 20-39 from six foreign-born and foreign-parentage groups: Mexican, Vietnamese, Filipino, Korean, Chinese, and Central American (Guatemalan and Salvadoran), as well as native-born and native-parentage Mexican-Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Multistage random sampling. 2008-07-01 Edits were made to the metadata record. Funding insitution(s): Russell Sage Foundation. telephone interview Data collection for IIMMLA was subcontracted to and carried out by the Field Research Corporation, San Francisco, CA.

Background: Leukoaraiosis (LA) is shown as white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Together with candidate gene association studies (CGAS), multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be associated with LA in European populations. To date, no replication studies have been reported in independent Chinese samples.Methods: Here, we performed a candidate gene association study comprising 220 Chinese subjects with LA and 50 controls. Thirty-nine polymorphisms on 32 risk genes were selected from previous studies, and they were genotyped through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Genetic association analysis was firstly performed in all subjects with LA. Then, the same analysis was conducted in the six random sampling cohorts of 50 LA patients, respectively. Data analyses on the associations of SNPs with LA risk were evaluated through Pearson’s χ2 and multivariate logistic regression tests.Results: We found that eight polymorphisms in six genes (PMF1, ICAM1, TRIM65, AGT, FBF1, and ACOX1) were significantly associated with LA in the genetic association tests. Except for those eight gene variants, 24 other polymorphisms were not found to be significantly associated with LA in general genetic model, dominant model, recessive model, or multiplicative model. Among those eight polymorphisms, rs2984613 in PMF1 showed significant association with LA in the cohort of 220 LA subjects, and such significant association remained in both general genetic model (OR: 0.262, 95% CI: 0.091–0.752, padj = 0.030) and recessive model (OR: 0.323, 95% CI: 0.119–0.881, padj = 0.038) when controlling for clinical variables. Seven other significant variants (rs5498 in ICAM1, rs699 in AGT, rs2305913 in FBF1, rs1135640 in ACOX1, and rs3760128, rs7214628, and rs7222757 in TRIM65) were identified in those six random sampling tests that were conducted in the adjusted cohorts of 50 LA patients. In addition, except for rs699 which showed detrimental effect and represented a risk variant for LA, seven other polymorphisms seemed to exert protective effects on LA and to reduce the risk of LA. It is necessary to confirm these associations in an independent cohort.Conclusions: This first replication study on multiple genes in an independent Chinese population did not replicate any risk polymorphisms for LA other than rs 699 in AGT but revealed the significantly negative associations of PMF1, ICAM1, TRIM65, FBF1, and ACOX1 polymorphisms with LA. It not only supported the strong ethnic differences in the genetics of LA but also indicated that those six identified genes may be involved in Chinese white matter lesions. Larger scales of CGAS and GWAS are necessary to confirm and decipher those ethnic-Han specific risk genes for LA in China.

Laos LA: Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data was reported at 0.001 USD mn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.003 USD mn for 2015. Laos LA: Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data is updated yearly, averaging 0.136 USD mn from Dec 1958 (Median) to 2017, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.300 USD mn in 1997 and a record low of 0.001 USD mn in 2013. Laos LA: Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Imports: cif: by Country: Annual.

Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data was reported at 0.466 USD mn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.303 USD mn for Dec 2017. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data is updated quarterly, averaging -0.036 USD mn from Dec 1961 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 83 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.131 USD mn in Jun 2015 and a record low of -0.408 USD mn in Jun 1997. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Trade Balance: by Country: Quarterly.

The China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset - Liaoning (CMGPD-LN) is drawn from the population registers compiled by the Imperial Household Agency (neiwufu) in Shengjing, currently the northeast Chinese province of Liaoning, between 1749 and 1909. It provides 1.5 million triennial observations of more than 260,000 residents from 698 communities. The population mainly consists of immigrants from North China who settled in rural Liaoning during the early eighteenth century, and their descendants. The data provide socioeconomic, demographic, and other characteristics for individuals, households, and communities, and record demographic outcomes such as marriage, fertility, and mortality. The data also record specific disabilities for a subset of adult males. Additionally, the collection includes monthly and annual grain price data, custom records for the city of Yingkou, as well as information regarding natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, and earthquakes. This dataset is unique among publicly available population databases because of its time span, volume, detail, and completeness of recording, and because it provides longitudinal data not just on individuals, but on their households, descent groups, and communities.

Background: Leukoaraiosis (LA) is shown as white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Together with candidate gene association studies (CGAS), multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be associated with LA in European populations. To date, no replication studies have been reported in independent Chinese samples.Methods: Here, we performed a candidate gene association study comprising 220 Chinese subjects with LA and 50 controls. Thirty-nine polymorphisms on 32 risk genes were selected from previous studies, and they were genotyped through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Genetic association analysis was firstly performed in all subjects with LA. Then, the same analysis was conducted in the six random sampling cohorts of 50 LA patients, respectively. Data analyses on the associations of SNPs with LA risk were evaluated through Pearson’s χ2 and multivariate logistic regression tests.Results: We found that eight polymorphisms in six genes (PMF1, ICAM1, TRIM65, AGT, FBF1, and ACOX1) were significantly associated with LA in the genetic association tests. Except for those eight gene variants, 24 other polymorphisms were not found to be significantly associated with LA in general genetic model, dominant model, recessive model, or multiplicative model. Among those eight polymorphisms, rs2984613 in PMF1 showed significant association with LA in the cohort of 220 LA subjects, and such significant association remained in both general genetic model (OR: 0.262, 95% CI: 0.091–0.752, padj = 0.030) and recessive model (OR: 0.323, 95% CI: 0.119–0.881, padj = 0.038) when controlling for clinical variables. Seven other significant variants (rs5498 in ICAM1, rs699 in AGT, rs2305913 in FBF1, rs1135640 in ACOX1, and rs3760128, rs7214628, and rs7222757 in TRIM65) were identified in those six random sampling tests that were conducted in the adjusted cohorts of 50 LA patients. In addition, except for rs699 which showed detrimental effect and represented a risk variant for LA, seven other polymorphisms seemed to exert protective effects on LA and to reduce the risk of LA. It is necessary to confirm these associations in an independent cohort.Conclusions: This first replication study on multiple genes in an independent Chinese population did not replicate any risk polymorphisms for LA other than rs 699 in AGT but revealed the significantly negative associations of PMF1, ICAM1, TRIM65, FBF1, and ACOX1 polymorphisms with LA. It not only supported the strong ethnic differences in the genetics of LA but also indicated that those six identified genes may be involved in Chinese white matter lesions. Larger scales of CGAS and GWAS are necessary to confirm and decipher those ethnic-Han specific risk genes for LA in China.

Laos LA: Exports: fob: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data was reported at 4.219 USD mn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.698 USD mn for 2016. Laos LA: Exports: fob: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data is updated yearly, averaging 0.200 USD mn from Dec 1957 (Median) to 2017, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.831 USD mn in 2013 and a record low of 0.016 USD mn in 2004. Laos LA: Exports: fob: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Exports: fob: by Country: Annual.

Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data was reported at -90.032 USD mn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 196.201 USD mn for 2016. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data is updated yearly, averaging -10.074 USD mn from Dec 1957 (Median) to 2017, with 45 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 256.132 USD mn in 2011 and a record low of -860.922 USD mn in 2013. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Trade Balance: by Country: Annual.

During the processing of the Thomas La Fargue Papers collection, Suzanne James-Bacon created a spreadsheet to help identify and track the name variations in Romanization, forms, nicknames, and spellings found within La Fargue’s papers, Edward J. M. Rhoads’ book, Stepping Forth into the World: The Chinese Educational Mission to the United States, 1872-81, and other sources; such as the Chinese Educational Mission Connections 1872-1881 website, the Library of Congress Name Authority File, and Wikipedia. Because this spreadsheet may be of use to researchers it is being made available.

Laos LA: Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data was reported at 1.421 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.268 USD bn for 2016. Laos LA: Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data is updated yearly, averaging 9.636 USD mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2017, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.661 USD bn in 2014 and a record low of 0.280 USD mn in 1997. Laos LA: Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Exports: fob: by Country: Annual.

Laos LA: Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data was reported at 0.813 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.188 USD mn for 2016. Laos LA: Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data is updated yearly, averaging 0.125 USD mn from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.879 USD mn in 2015 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2011. Laos LA: Exports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Exports: fob: by Country: Annual.

Laos LA: Imports: cif: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data was reported at 23.144 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.471 USD mn for 2016. Laos LA: Imports: cif: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data is updated yearly, averaging 3.846 USD mn from Dec 1955 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.497 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.220 USD mn in 1985. Laos LA: Imports: cif: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Imports: cif: by Country: Annual.

La population totale en Chine était estimée à 1409,7 millions de personnes en 2023, selon les dernières données du recensement et les projections de Trading Economics. Cette dataset fournit - Population chinoise - valeurs réelles, données historiques, prévisions, graphique, statistiques, calendrier économique et actualités.

Rare inherited variations in multiplex families with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) are suggested to play an important role in the genetic etiology of GTS. In order to explore the rare inherited variations with the risk of GTS, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in a family with three affected patients with GTS. Among the five novel rare variations identified by WES, CLCN2 G161S was presented in three patients, but not in four unaffected individuals, and thus co-segregated with GTS. A validation study was also performed in a cohort of Chinses Han population to further examine the identified rare variants. CLCN2 G161S was genotyped in 207 sporadic patients with tic disorder including 111 patients with GTS and 489 healthy controls. Compared with that in controls [allele frequency (AF) = 0], CLCN2 G161S had higher variant AF in patients with tic (AF = 0.00483) and in patients with GTS (0.00900), respectively. However, this variant was absent from the current 1000 Genome databases, and the variant AF is very low in the current public databases including ExAC (AF = 0.00001) and gnomAD (AF = 0.00003). Our results suggest that CLCN2 G161S might play a major role in the genetic etiology of GTS, at least in a Chinese Han population.

Laos LA: Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data was reported at 1.511 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.071 USD bn for 2016. Laos LA: Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data is updated yearly, averaging 23.789 USD mn from Dec 1957 (Median) to 2017, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.958 USD bn in 2014 and a record low of 0.017 USD mn in 1973. Laos LA: Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Imports: cif: by Country: Annual.

Nacidos en China. Nacionalidad china

Number of people belonging to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data was reported at 135.705 USD mn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -29.148 USD mn for Dec 2017. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data is updated quarterly, averaging -0.857 USD mn from Dec 1963 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 174 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 135.705 USD mn in Mar 2018 and a record low of -572.341 USD mn in Dec 2013. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Trade Balance: by Country: Quarterly.

Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data was reported at -5.242 USD mn in May 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 35.638 USD mn for Apr 2018. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data is updated monthly, averaging -0.699 USD mn from Mar 1966 (Median) to May 2018, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 95.629 USD mn in Dec 2017 and a record low of -319.094 USD mn in Dec 2013. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Trade Balance: by Country: Monthly.

Laos LA: Trade Balance: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data was reported at 1.706 USD mn in May 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -1.763 USD mn for Apr 2018. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data is updated monthly, averaging -0.653 USD mn from Jan 1964 (Median) to May 2018, with 416 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.457 USD mn in Jan 2015 and a record low of -20.244 USD mn in Dec 2014. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Trade Balance: by Country: Monthly.