There were approximately *** thousand Chinese nationals residing in the United Kingdom in 2021, an increase from the *** thousand Chinese nationals residing in the United Kingdom in 2008. The highest number of Chinese nationals residing in the United Kingdom was *** thousand in 2017.

Among countries with the highest number of overseas Chinese on each continent, the largest Chinese diaspora community is living in Indonesia, numbering more than ten million people. Most of these people are descendants from migrants born in China, who have moved to Indonesia a long time ago. On the contrary, a large part of overseas Chinese living in Canada and Australia have arrived in these countries only during the last two decades. China as an emigration country Many Chinese people have emigrated from their home country in search of better living conditions and educational chances. The increasing number of Chinese emigrants has benefited from loosened migration policies. On the one hand, the attitude of the Chinese government towards emigration has changed significantly. Overseas Chinese are considered to be strong supporters for the overall strength of Chinese culture and international influence. On the other hand, migration policies in the United States and Canada are changing with time, expanding migration opportunities for non-European immigrants. As a result, China has become one of the world’s largest emigration countries as well as the country with the highest outflows of high net worth individuals. However, the mass emigration is causing a severe loss of homegrown talents and assets. The problem of talent and wealth outflow has raised pressing questions to the Chinese government, and a solution to this issue is yet to be determined. Popular destinations among Chinese emigrants Over the last decades, English speaking developed countries have been popular destinations for Chinese emigrants. In 2022 alone, the number of people from China naturalized as U.S. citizens had amounted to over 27,000 people, while nearly 68,000 had obtained legal permanent resident status as “green card” recipients. Among other popular immigration destinations for Chinese riches are Canada, Australia, Europe, and Singapore.

According to the 2021 Census, 81.7% of the population of England and Wales was white, 9.3% Asian, 4.0% black, 2.9% mixed and 2.1% from other ethnic groups.

This is a qualitative data collection. The research used online survey and face-to-face interviews of British Chinese respondents.

A survey by the Guardian in early 2005 revealed the low level of integration among Chinese people, who reportedly felt the least British among all minority groups in Britain. The issue is usually overlooked in relation to a group which appears to be well integrated and successful in higher education. In addressing the cultural and political marginality of the British Chinese, this study explores the emergence of British Chinese web sites and their potential to enhance the social inclusion and political participation of British Chinese people.

The project sought to explore these new forms of participation such as discussion forums and online petitions. The ability of online communication to connect a dispersed population is particularly significant for the British Chinese, as unlike many other minority ethnic populations, they are highly scattered throughout Britain, with no local authority area having more than 2% of its residents as Chinese. This research addressed two key questions: How are ethnic identities shaped by the communicative practices and social networks developed in these internet forums? Does contributing to these British Chinese sites enable new forms of participation and offer evidence of an emergent ‘second-generation’ civil society?

The key findings of the study suggest that 1) For many British Chinese users, access to the social networks (online and offline) and information resources on these sites provided a key means of meeting other British Born Chinese people (BBC). 2) These British Chinese internet sites facilitated reflection on experiences of racism, minority status, and belonging, and provided an empathetic arena to reflect on the issues raised by living in a multicultural context. 3) The varied exchanges on these web sites reveal how users are grappling with the disjuncture between the simplistic ideal of ‘integration’ and the complex reality behind the seemingly unproblematic lives of well ‘integrated’ minority Britons. 4) Participation on these internet sites is creating the infrastructure to constitute an emergent British Chinese civil society, and is drawing a hitherto underrepresented group into the public domain. Various political initiatives have been mobilized via these web sites, both online and offline. 5) The content and communications stimulated by these British Chinese internet sites have not overcome a lack of understanding of, and engagement with, the formal political process among the British Chinese.

Further information about the project may be found on the British Chinese On-line Identities: Participation and Inclusion ESRC award web page.

According to the 2021 Census, London was the most ethnically diverse region in England and Wales – 63.2% of residents identified with an ethnic minority group.

This dataset represents ethnic group (19 tick-box level) by highest level qualification, for England and Wales combined. The data are also broken down by age and by sex.

The ethnic group that the person completing the census feels they belong to. This could be based on their culture, family background, identity, or physical appearance. Respondents could choose one out of 19 tick-box response categories, including write-in response options.

Total counts for some population groups may not match between published tables. This is to protect the confidentiality of individuals' data. Population counts have been rounded to the nearest 5 and any counts below 10 are suppressed, this is signified by a 'c' in the data tables.

"Asian Welsh" and "Black Welsh" ethnic groups were included on the census questionnaire in Wales only, these categories were new for 2021.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by ethnic group. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021. This dataset shows population counts for usual residents aged 16+ Some people aged 16 years old will not have completed key stage 4 yet on census day, and so did not have the opportunity to record any qualifications on the census.

These estimates are not comparable to Department of Education figures on highest level of attainment because they include qualifications obtained outside England and Wales.

For quality information in general, please read more from here.

Ethnic Group (19 tick-box level)

These are the 19 ethnic group used in this dataset:

• Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh
  • Bangladeshi
  • Chinese
  • Indian
  • Pakistani
  • Other Asian
• Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African
  • African
  • Caribbean
  • Other Black
• Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups
  • White and Asian
  • White and Black African
  • White and Black Caribbean
  • Other Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups
• White
  • English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British
  • Gypsy or Irish Traveller
  • Irish
  • Roma
  • Other White
• Other ethnic group
  • Arab
  • Any other ethnic group

No qualifications

No qualifications

Level 1

Level 1 and entry level qualifications: 1 to 4 GCSEs grade A* to C , Any GCSEs at other grades, O levels or CSEs (any grades), 1 AS level, NVQ level 1, Foundation GNVQ, Basic or Essential Skills

Level 2

5 or more GCSEs (A* to C or 9 to 4), O levels (passes), CSEs (grade 1), School Certification, 1 A level, 2 to 3 AS levels, VCEs, Intermediate or Higher Diploma, Welsh Baccalaureate Intermediate Diploma, NVQ level 2, Intermediate GNVQ, City and Guilds Craft, BTEC First or General Diploma, RSA Diploma

Apprenticeship

Apprenticeship

Level 3

2 or more A levels or VCEs, 4 or more AS levels, Higher School Certificate, Progression or Advanced Diploma, Welsh Baccalaureate Advance Diploma, NVQ level 3; Advanced GNVQ, City and Guilds Advanced Craft, ONC, OND, BTEC National, RSA Advanced Diploma

Level 4 +

Degree (BA, BSc), higher degree (MA, PhD, PGCE), NVQ level 4 to 5, HNC, HND, RSA Higher Diploma, BTEC Higher level, professional qualifications (for example, teaching, nursing, accountancy)

Other

Vocational or work-related qualifications, other qualifications achieved in England or Wales, qualifications achieved outside England or Wales (equivalent not stated or unknown)

The CMCS, initiated in 1992, aims to investigate the lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Chinese population. The study began with an initial cohort of over 27,000 participants aged between 35 and 64 years free of CVD, recruited from 16 collaborating centers across China. Over the years, the study has expanded with additional cohorts and currently includes 21,953 individuals, aged between 35 and 84 years at the time of recruitment, comprising of 11,366 men and 10,587 women. Participants are followed up annually or biannually.

United Kingdom UK: Imports: cif: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data was reported at 768.281 USD mn in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 650.295 USD mn for Mar 2018. United Kingdom UK: Imports: cif: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data is updated quarterly, averaging 694.377 USD mn from Mar 1960 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 234 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.146 USD bn in Jun 2010 and a record low of 27.100 USD mn in Dec 1961. United Kingdom UK: Imports: cif: Advanced Economies: China, People Republic: Hong Kong data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.IMF.DOT: Imports: cif: by Country: Quarterly.

United Kingdom UK: Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data was reported at 1.227 USD mn in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.581 USD mn for Mar 2018. United Kingdom UK: Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data is updated quarterly, averaging 11.700 USD mn from Jun 1963 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 197 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 72.261 USD mn in Dec 2007 and a record low of 0.100 USD mn in Jun 1973. United Kingdom UK: Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.IMF.DOT: Imports: cif: by Country: Quarterly.

Causes of glomerulonephritis in the UK Chinese and White populations.

This is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of Chinese international students in the UK, with a comparison group of UK home students. It is part of a wider study with other surveys in Germany and China. The study population are taught (undergraduate and postgraduate) Chinese students studying in UK universities. Areas covered in the questionnaires: Socio-demographic characteristics and course details; family background (parental education, occupation, household income, siblings); prior education (academic achievement and educational migration); motivations for study abroad and decision-making process; personality traits and values (e.g., risk-taking attitude); study experience in current course; health and wellbeing; future life course aspirations; cosmopolitan vs national orientations.

Young people moving away from home to seek 'bright futures' through higher education are a major force in the urbanization of China and the internationalization of global higher education. Chinese students constitute the largest single group of international students in the richer OECD countries of the world, making up 20 percent of the total student migration to these countries. Yet systematic research on a representative sample of these student migrants is lacking, and theoretical frameworks for migration more generally may not always apply to students moving for higher education. Bright Futures is a pioneering study that investigates key dimensions of this educational mobility through large-scale, representative survey research in China, the UK and Germany. We explore this phenomenon in two related aspects: the migration of students from the People's Republic of China to the UK (this data collection) and Germany for higher education, and internal migration for studies within China. This research design enables an unusual set of comparisons, between those who stay and those who migrate, both within China and beyond its borders. We also compare Chinese students in the UK and Germany with domestic students in the two countries. Through such comparisons we are able to address a number of theoretical questions such as selectivity in educational migrations, aspirations beyond returns, the impact of transnationalization of higher education on individual orientations and life-course expectations, and the link between migration and the wellbeing of the highly educated. Bright Futures is a collaborative project, involving researchers from University of Essex, University of Edinburgh, UNED, University of Bielefeld and Tsinghua University. The research was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (UK), German Research Foundation (Germany) and the National Natural Science Foundation (China).

This measures percentage point differences in the proportions of each Black Minority and Ethnic (BME) group of young people on youth justice disposals against the proportions of each BME group in the equivalent local population. BME main groups are classified as those main groups in the 2001 census. The ONS latest mid-year estimated figures used for the local youth population by BME group. It is important to do the analysis by each of the ethnic groups and not the overall BME group, otherwise the under-represented groups counter-balance the over-represented groups – giving the false impression there is no over-representation of particular BME groups. Areas would only need to submit values for the number of offenders in each ethnic group, as the local population data would be sourced from ONS to do the required calculations. Young people are those aged 10-17 years.

This statistic displays how and where individuals eat Chinese food in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2015. The majority of individuals (** percent) consume Chinese food by ordering takeaways and deliveries, followed by ** percent who eat Chinese meals in restaurants.

This document forms part of the REDEFINE research project (ERC Grant No. 885475), funded by the European Research Council. REDEFINE focuses on the dynamics and effects of China’s large-scale infrastructure investments in Europe, with a focus on Germany, Greece, Hungary, and the UK. Through multi-sited fieldwork and interdisciplinary analysis, the project seeks to understand the evolving relations between China and Europe and to assess what this means for politics, economic growth and development more broadly.This anonymised interview transcript presents a semi-structured interview conducted with the manager P14 of a PPP-based business promotion organisation. The conversation contributes to REDEFINE’s case study of Chinese investment in Airport City Manchester. All identifying details have been removed, and informed consent for participation and data use was obtained.

Context

The outbreak of COVID19 pushed Kaggle to launch several competitions to better understand how the new virus spreads.

The data provided by this competition is not only divided by nation (China, US, Canada...), but also sometimes by province/state/dependency/territory (California, Hubei, French Guiana, Saskatchewan...).

Although there are already several Kaggle datasets that provide population estimates by nation, I couldn't find any that provided a population estimate for each one of the constituent states ("provinces/states") included in the data for the 2nd week COVID19 Global Forecasting competition. So here they are, packaged in a super simple two-column CSV file.

Content

Each row in this dataset is a rough estimate of the population in each of the constituent states that appear in the COVID19 Global Forecasting competition. Each row is, of course, one of these inner states. By "constituent state" I mean one of: - the 54 United States of America - the 33 Chinese provinces - 10 Canadian provinces (plus a territory, Northwest Territories) - 11 French overseas territories - 10 British overseas territories - 6 Australian states (plus 2 internal territories) - 5 constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands - 2 autonomous Danish territories (Faroe Islands and Greenland)

In total, 134 states are listed.

Acknowledgements

The population estimates were collected from the following sources: - Australia: Wikipedia - Canada: worldpopulationreview.com - China: another Kaggle dataset - Denmark: worldpopulationreview.com - France: worldometers.info (retrieved 2020-04-02, 18:00 UTC) - Netherlands: worldometers.info (retrieved 2020-04-02, 18:00 UTC) - US: worldpopulationreview.com - Guam: worldpopulationreview.com - UK: worldometers.info (retrieved 2020-04-02, 18:00 UTC)

In financial year 2023, it was estimated that 64.32 thousand more Chinese migrated to Australia than emigrated. This marked a significant increase in Chinese net migration compared to 14.72 thousand people in the previous financial year.

The Chinese community in Australia

Chinese migration to Australia dates back to the Australian gold rush of the 1850s and 60s, however, exclusionary migration policies up until the 1970’s restricted migration from China for some time. Since then, immigration from China has increased steadily and Chinese migrants now represent Australia’s third largest migrant group after the UK and India. The 2016 Australian census showed that Mandarin was the second most common language spoken at home in Australia, and Cantonese came in fourth. The Australian Chinese community also includes a significant proportion of the international students from China choosing to study in Australia.

Chinese investment in Australia

Although foreign investment in Australia still comes primarily from its traditional trade partners, the United States and the United Kingdom, Chinese investment has been increasing in recent years. The bulk of Chinese investment in Australia goes toward commercial real estate and agribusiness. In New South Wales alone, real estate investment from China totaled almost 1.25 billion Australian dollars, which accounted for around a half of all Chinese real estate investment in the country. By comparison, in 2019 the import value of Australian food products to China displayed yet another year on year increase, totaling more than two billion U.S. dollars.

The CHERRY study aims to collect electronic health records (EHRs) of adults in Yinzhou, an economically advanced region in southeastern China, serving as a big data resource for cardiovascular risk prediction and population management and providing evidence to improve the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in China. The study population consists of permanent residents of Chinese nationality residing in Yinzho who were 18 years of age or older as of January 1, 2009. In 2020, the study population consisted of 1.25 million individuals. The study includes data since 2009, and participants are continuously followed up through record linkage.

Results of multivariable logistic regression analyses investigating Chinese ethnicity and access to wait-listing and transplantation.

PurposeTo report the methodology and findings of a large scale investigation of burden and distribution of refractive error, from a contemporary and ethnically diverse study of health and disease in adults, in the UK.MethodsU K Biobank, a unique contemporary resource for the study of health and disease, recruited more than half a million people aged 40–69 years. A subsample of 107,452 subjects undertook an enhanced ophthalmic examination which provided autorefraction data (a measure of refractive error). Refractive error status was categorised using the mean spherical equivalent refraction measure. Information on socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, educational qualifications and accommodation tenure) was reported at the time of recruitment by questionnaire and face-to-face interview.ResultsFifty four percent of participants aged 40–69 years had refractive error. Specifically 27% had myopia (4% high myopia), which was more common amongst younger people, those of higher socio-economic status, higher educational attainment, or of White or Chinese ethnicity. The frequency of hypermetropia increased with age (7% at 40–44 years increasing to 46% at 65–69 years), was higher in women and its severity was associated with ethnicity (moderate or high hypermetropia at least 30% less likely in non-White ethnic groups compared to White).ConclusionsRefractive error is a significant public health issue for the UK and this study provides contemporary data on adults for planning services, health economic modelling and monitoring of secular trends. Further investigation of risk factors is necessary to inform strategies for prevention. There is scope to do this through the planned longitudinal extension of the UK Biobank study.

Cultural evolutionary models have identified a range of conditions under which social learning (copying others) is predicted to be adaptive relative to asocial learning (learning on one's own), particularly in humans where socially learned information can accumulate over successive generations. However, cultural evolution and behavioural economics experiments have consistently shown apparently maladaptive under-utilization of social information in Western populations. Here we provide experimental evidence of cultural variation in people's use of social learning, potentially explaining this mismatch. People in mainland China showed significantly more social learning than British people in an artefact-design task designed to assess the adaptiveness of social information use. People in Hong Kong, and Chinese immigrants in the UK, resembled British people in their social information use, suggesting a recent shift in these groups from social to asocial learning due to exposure to Western culture. Finally, Chinese mainland participants responded less than other participants to increased environmental change within the task. Our results suggest that learning strategies in humans are culturally variable and not genetically fixed, necessitating the study of the ‘social learning of social learning strategies' whereby the dynamics of cultural evolution are responsive to social processes, such as migration, education and globalization.