China's main stock market index, the SHANGHAI, fell to 3898 points on December 2, 2025, losing 0.42% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has declined 1.98%, though it remains 15.36% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from China. China Shanghai Composite Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

At the end of *************, the Shenzhen Component Index value was *********, an increase of about 1,000 index points from *************. The data clearly shows how the value of the index increased before the stock market crash of 2015 and the following sell-off in the following year. In addition to that, the low year-end index value of 2018 was the result of the worst trading year of the decade on Chinese stock exchanges. Together, stocks on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges lost around ** percent in that year.

We examine the effect of minority state ownership on firm performance using the Chinese stock market crash in 2015. We find that treatment firms with minority state ownership accumulated from governmental purchases of equities experience significant reductions in operating performance. The negative impact is more severe in firms with higher riskiness and firms with less powerful large shareholders. We also find that treatment firms’ risk decreases and their employment increases after minority state shareholders step in, providing supportive evidence on the government’s motives of reducing risk and preventing mass layoffs. Further tests reveal the channels through which minority state ownership impedes investment efficiency, productivity, and innovation. The negative impact diminishes when government institutions divest their shares in a timely manner. Overall, our results suggest there are unintended negative consequences of minority state ownership arising from the governmental rescue package in a market crisis.

In 2021, China's securities company CITIC Securities generated net profits of around ** billion yuan, ranking first in China. After the stock market crash in 2015, China's securities market has been shrinking, demonstrating less trading revenue and lower profit rate. However, Chinese equity market has been gradually picking up since 2019.

This study uses panel data on Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen covering 2014 to 2020 selected through the following screening: first, we exclude listed companies in the finance and insurance sectors; second, we exclude listed companies in ST and *ST (Special Treatment); finally, we exclude samples that lack important data. This approach generates 8,658 valid research sample observations. The data are obtained from several official websites, such as those for CSMAR (China Stock Market & Accounting Research Database), CNRDS (Chinese Research Data Services), and the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges.In this study, the descriptive and relevance of the final data was tested using Stata software, and baseline regression, threshold regression, and robustness and heterogeneity tests were performed. The final data were tested for descriptiveness and correlation using Stata software, and baseline regression, threshold regression, and robustness and heterogeneity tests were performed.

This paper employs the mixed-frequency Granger causality test, reverse unconstrained mixed-frequency data sampling models, and Chinese data from January 2006 to June 2024 to test the nexus between consumer confidence and the macroeconomy. The results show that changes in the real estate market, GDP, and urban unemployment rate are Granger causes of consumer confidence. In reverse, consumer confidence is a Granger cause of the CPI. Second, GDP and the real estate market (CPI and urban unemployment rate) have a significant positive (negative) impact on consumer confidence, while the conditions of industrial production, interest rate, and stock market do not. Third, the “animal spirits” extracted from consumer confidence cannot lead to noticeable fluctuations in China’s macroeconomy. This suggests that the “animal spirits” will not dominate economic growth, even though they affect the macroeconomy slightly and inevitably. The results are robust after replacing the dependent variable and considering the influence of the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Chinese listed companies data, encompasses stock price crash risk variables, audit system change records, and other necessary control variables. Date Submitted: 2023-11-18

In 2021, China's securities company Orient Securities generated an income of around *** billion yuan from its asset management business. After the stock market crash in 2015, China's securities market has been shrinking, demonstrating less trading revenue and lower profit rate. However, Chinese equity market has been gradually picking up since 2019.

In 2021, China's securities company CITIC Securities managed client monies amounting to around *** billion yuan, ranking first among all securities companies in China. After the stock market crash in 2015, China's securities market has been shrinking, demonstrating less trading revenue and lower profit rate. However, Chinese equity market has been gradually picking up since 2019.

Analysis of global market downturn driven by escalating U.S.-China trade tensions ahead of crucial October summit, with safe haven assets rallying amid investor uncertainty.

The Global Financial Crisis (2007-2008), which began due to the collapse of the U.S. housing market, had a negative effect in many regions across the globe. The global recession which followed the crisis in 2008 and 2009 showed how interdependent and synchronized many of the world's economies had become, with the largest advanced economies showing very similar patterns of negative GDP growth during the crisis. Among the largest emerging economies (commonly referred to as the 'E7'), however, a different pattern emerged, with some countries avoiding a recession altogether. Some commentators have particularly pointed to 2008-2009 as the moment in which China emerged on the world stage as an economic superpower and a key driver of global economic growth. The Great Recession in the developing world While some countries, such as Russia, Mexico, and Turkey, experienced severe recessions due to their connections to the United States and Europe, others such as China, India, and Indonesia managed to record significant economic growth during the period. This can be partly explained by the decoupling from western financial systems which these countries undertook following the Asian financial crises of 1997, making many Asian nations more wary of opening their countries to 'hot money' from other countries. Other likely explanations of this trend are that these countries have large domestic economies which are not entirely reliant on the advanced economies, that their export sectors produce goods which are inelastic (meaning they are still bought during recessions), and that the Chinese economic stimulus worth almost 600 billion U.S. dollars in 2008/2009 increased growth in the region.

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Automotive Crash Test Dummies Market Size 2025-2029

The automotive crash test dummies market size is valued to increase USD 17.2 million, at a CAGR of 2.9% from 2024 to 2029. Increasing need for crash and safety testing will drive the automotive crash test dummies market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

Europe dominated the market and accounted for a 44% growth during the forecast period.
By Product - Male crash test dummy segment was valued at USD 78.30 million in 2023
By Application - Passenger vehicle segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 27.68 million
Market Future Opportunities: USD 17.20 million
CAGR : 2.9%
Europe: Largest market in 2023

Market Summary

The market encompasses the production and distribution of advanced testing solutions designed to evaluate the safety and durability of vehicles in collisions. This market is driven by the increasing need for stringent crash and safety testing, with a focus on both occupant and pedestrian protection systems. One notable trend is the rising popularity of crash test simulators, which offer more precise and cost-effective testing capabilities than traditional methods. According to a recent study, the global market share for crash test dummies is projected to reach 35% by 2026, reflecting a significant growth trajectory.
Core technologies, such as biomechanical modeling and advanced sensor systems, continue to evolve, enabling more accurate and comprehensive testing. Regulations, including mandatory safety standards and increasing consumer expectations, also play a crucial role in shaping market dynamics.

What will be the Size of the Automotive Crash Test Dummies Market during the forecast period?

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How is the Automotive Crash Test Dummies Market Segmented and what are the key trends of market segmentation?

The automotive crash test dummies industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Male crash test dummy
  Female crash test dummy
  Child crash test dummy


Application

  Passenger vehicle
  Commercial vehicle


Type

  Frontal Impact Testing
  Side Impact Testing
  Rear Impact Testing
  Pedestrian Impact Testing


End-user Industry

  Automotive Manufacturers
  Government & Regulatory Agencies and Research
  Testing Centers


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Product Insights

The male crash test dummy segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The automotive crash testing industry is driven by the continuous evolution of vehicle safety standards and the increasing demand for improved occupant protection. According to recent studies, the market for crash test dummies experienced a 21.3% increase in sales last year, with an anticipated expansion of 25.6% in the coming years. This growth is attributed to the development of advanced anthropomorphic dummies, which simulate human body responses to various impact forces during crashworthiness testing. These dummies are designed to measure injuries such as pelvis, neck, head, and leg injuries, as well as chest deceleration and abdominal impact.

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The Male crash test dummy segment was valued at USD 78.30 million in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Crash test sensors, including accelerometers, load cells, and strain gauges, are integrated into the dummies to collect data during collision dynamics. This information is then analyzed using simulation software and finite element analysis to predict injuries and optimize vehicle safety features. Furthermore, the industry is expanding beyond traditional male crash test dummies. Manufacturers like Humanetics are addressing the need for more diverse body structures by producing female and child crash test dummies. These dummies are essential for side impact protection and pedestrian protection testing. Moreover, the industry is focusing on improving biofidelity testing, which measures the correlation between dummy response and human response.

This is crucial for accurately predicting injuries and ensuring the effectiveness of safety regulations. The future of crash test dummies lies in their ability to provide accurate, reliable, and comprehensive injury prediction, ultimately enhancing overall vehicle safety.

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Regional Analysis

Europe is estimated to contribute 44% to the growt

The copper market saw a significant price drop this week due to eased US-China trade tensions, despite a 16% surge since the year's start. China's copper imports hit a five-year high, while investment opportunities in the sector remain attractive.

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Personal Travel Accident Insurance Market Size 2025-2029

The personal travel accident insurance market size is forecast to increase by US $45.3 billion, at a CAGR of 7.4% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is a dynamic and evolving sector, characterized by increasing demand and continuous innovation. With the rise in global travel and the growing awareness of the need for financial protection against unforeseen accidents, the market has experienced significant growth. According to recent estimates, the number of travel accidents has increased by 23.3% over the past five years. This trend is driven by several factors, including the increasing availability of insurance products and services through digital channels. The digital transformation of the insurance industry has made it easier for consumers to access and purchase travel accident insurance policies from anywhere, at any time.
However, this shift to digital platforms also presents new challenges, particularly in the area of cybersecurity. As the insurance industry becomes more digitized, there is a growing concern over the potential for cyberattacks and data breaches. Travel accident insurance companies must invest in robust cybersecurity measures to protect their customers' sensitive information and maintain trust. Despite these challenges, the market continues to innovate, with new products and services being introduced to meet the evolving needs of consumers. The market is a complex and multifaceted sector, serving various industries and demographics. It is used by individuals and corporations to protect against the financial consequences of accidents while traveling, providing peace of mind and financial security.
The market's dynamics are shaped by a range of factors, including consumer preferences, regulatory requirements, and technological advancements. Understanding these trends and patterns is essential for businesses looking to succeed in this competitive and dynamic market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

North America dominated the market and accounted for a 42% growth during the forecast period.
The market is expected to grow significantly in Europe as well over the forecast period.
By the Age Group, the Adults sub-segment was valued at USD 55.70 billion in 2023
By the Type, the General personal travel accident insurance sub-segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: US $66.78 billion
Future Opportunities: US $45.3 billion 
CAGR : 7.4%
North America: Largest market in 2023

What will be the Size of the Personal Travel Accident Insurance Market during the forecast period?

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The market represents a significant financial protection solution for businesses and individuals. According to recent data, approximately 25% of all travel insurance policies sold globally are for personal accident coverage. Looking ahead, market growth is projected to increase by 10% annually, driven by the rising demand for comprehensive coverage and expanding travel industry. Customer support and emergency services are essential components, with 24/7 assistance and claims management ensuring a seamless experience.
The personal travel accident insurance market is witnessing strong growth driven by the increasing volume of international and domestic travel, heightened safety concerns, and the need for financial protection during unforeseen incidents. This insurance category offers coverage for accidental death, medical expenses, emergency evacuation, and trip interruption, making it essential for leisure travelers, business professionals, students, and adventure tourists.
Rising adoption of digital policy issuance, AI-based risk assessment, and embedded insurance models through travel booking platforms is transforming distribution strategies, particularly among younger demographics preferring seamless, mobile-first experiences. Key players such as Allianz Partners, AXA Assistance, AIG, Chubb, and Generali are investing in customized products, app-based claims management, and real-time policy updates to enhance customer convenience. A comparison of key numerical data reveals that, on average, travel insurance plans offer liability limits ranging from USD50,000 to USD250,000, with benefit limits for accidental death and dismemberment reaching up to USD500,000.
As global travel rebounds post-pandemic, personal travel accident insurance is becoming an essential component of risk management for travelers, supported by innovations in digital insurance distribution, customized coverage plans, and enhanced safety measures.

How is this Personal Travel Accident Insurance Industry segmented?

The personal travel accident insurance industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates

This study examines the market return spillovers from the US market to 10 Asia-Pacific stock markets, accounting for approximately 91 per cent of the region’s GDP from 1991 to 2022. Our findings indicate an increased return spillover from the US stock market to the Asia-Pacific stock market over time, particularly after major global events such as the 1997 Asian and the 2008 global financial crises, the 2015 China stock market crash, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2008 global financial crisis had the most substantial impact on these events. In addition, the findings also indicate that US economic policy uncertainty and US geopolitical risk significantly affect spillovers from the US to the Asia-Pacific markets. In contrast, the geopolitical risk of Asia-Pacific countries reduces these spillovers. The study also highlights the significant impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on these spillovers. Given the increasing integration of global financial markets, the findings of this research are expected to provide valuable policy implications for investors and policymakers.

This paper employs the mixed-frequency Granger causality test, reverse unconstrained mixed-frequency data sampling models, and Chinese data from January 2006 to June 2024 to test the nexus between consumer confidence and the macroeconomy. The results show that changes in the real estate market, GDP, and urban unemployment rate are Granger causes of consumer confidence. In reverse, consumer confidence is a Granger cause of the CPI. Second, GDP and the real estate market (CPI and urban unemployment rate) have a significant positive (negative) impact on consumer confidence, while the conditions of industrial production, interest rate, and stock market do not. Third, the “animal spirits” extracted from consumer confidence cannot lead to noticeable fluctuations in China’s macroeconomy. This suggests that the “animal spirits” will not dominate economic growth, even though they affect the macroeconomy slightly and inevitably. The results are robust after replacing the dependent variable and considering the influence of the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.

From the Summer of 2007 until the end of 2009 (at least), the world was gripped by a series of economic crises commonly known as the Global Financial Crisis (2007-2008) and the Great Recession (2008-2009). The financial crisis was triggered by the collapse of the U.S. housing market, which caused panic on Wall Street, the center of global finance in New York. Due to the outsized nature of the U.S. economy compared to other countries and particularly the centrality of U.S. finance for the world economy, the crisis spread quickly to other countries, affecting most regions across the globe. By 2009, global GDP growth was in negative territory, with international credit markets frozen, international trade contracting, and tens of millions of workers being made unemployed.

Global similarities, global differences

Since the 1980s, the world economy had entered a period of integration and globalization. This process particularly accelerated after the collapse of the Soviet Union ended the Cold War (1947-1991). This was the period of the 'Washington Consensus', whereby the U.S. and international institutions such as the World Bank and IMF promoted policies of economic liberalization across the globe. This increasing interdependence and openness to the global economy meant that when the crisis hit in 2007, many countries experienced the same issues. This is particularly evident in the synchronization of the recessions in the most advanced economies of the G7. Nevertheless, the aggregate global GDP number masks the important regional differences which occurred during the recession. While the more advanced economies of North America, Western Europe, and Japan were all hit hard, along with countries who are reliant on them for trade or finance, large emerging economies such as India and China bucked this trend. In particular, China's huge fiscal stimulus in 2008-2009 likely did much to prevent the global economy from sliding further into a depression. In 2009, while the United States' GDP sank to -2.6 percent, China's GDP, as reported by national authorities, was almost 10 percent.

Results of the mixed-frequency Granger causality test.

CWT plots comparison of the COVID-19 and the GFC.

Data and data sources.