FEMA flood hazard areas identified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map.

Data frame layers that include the data and interpretations for the depth to bedrock in Lac Qui Parle County and went into the publication of the Lac Qui Parle County Geologic Atlas, Part A.The elevation of the bedrock surface in Lac qui Parle County is represented by the colors assigned to 25-foot (7.6-meter) elevation intervals (example: 901-925 feet [275-282 meters] above mean sea level) on the Bedrock Topography map. For any location within a colored unit, the elevation of the bedrock surface is expected to be between the end values depicted on the legend. Elevation ranges are separated by contours, which represent lines of equal elevation. A grid of the bedrock elevation and all contour lines are available in the supplementary digital and GIS files (https://cse.umn.edu/mgs). The position of contour intervals was determined from outcrops, water-well construction records and scientific borings from the County Well Index, rotary-sonic drill core, and passive seismic measurements collected by the Minnesota Geological Survey. Passive seismic measurements have a greater margin of error than drilling records, so it is important to note that the reliability and accuracy of the bedrock topographic surface in any area is directly related to the density and type of available data (see Plate 1, Database Map). Areas with a high density of bedrock control points are likely to have accurate interpretations of the bedrock elevation, whereas those areas with widely spaced control points may be less reliable and inappropriate for site-specific needs. The highest density of data points occurs near populated areas that rely on groundwater for their drinking-water needs. Previous topography contours were assessed in the creation of this map and modified where new data warranted changes (Jirsa and others, 2011).The elevation of the bedrock surface in Lac qui Parle County varies from more than 1,126 feet (343 meters) above sea level in the southwest part of the county to less than 775 feet (236 meters) above sea level within the Minnesota River valley near Lac qui Parle Lake. The total relief of the bedrock surface across the county is approximately 370 feet (113 meters). The bedrock surface is incised by several deep valleys, one broad valley along the southern part of the county, and three narrower valleys in the northeast. The geometry of these narrow valleys indicates they deepen to the northeast, passing into adjacent Swift and Chippewa Counties.The bedrock-elevation surface shown on the Bedrock Topography map represents the elevation of the top unit of bedrock regardless of its age or composition. The uppermost bedrock unit across most of the county is Cretaceous in age. However, there are local areas where the Cretaceous rocks have completely eroded away, leaving Precambrian bedrock or saprolite as the bedrock surface. The Precambrian bedrock topography was also mapped at 25-foot (7.6-meter) intervals (Fig. 1). This surface precisely matches the mapped bedrock topography surface wherever Precambrian rocks are the uppermost bedrock. The highest Precambrian topography elevations occur in the northwest and south-central parts of the county and the lowest occur within a broad valley through the central part of the county.

Historical map showing buildings, roads, military land, reserve land and Niagara Falls.Surveyed by John Stegman."Copy J.G. Chewett, Surveyor General's Office, 17th May 1836"Digital reproduction of map (25 1/4 x 63 in.) in the Public Archives of Canada. National Map Collection. Library and Archives Canada.Relief shown by shadingGeoreferenced and modified from NMC Map number 22196 by Map, Data and GIS Library, Brock University.

Data frame layers that include the data and interpretations for the bedrock topography portion of the publication of the Lac Qui Parle County Geologic Atlas, Part A.The elevation of the bedrock surface in Lac qui Parle County is represented by the colors assigned to 25-foot (7.6-meter) elevation intervals (example: 901-925 feet [275-282 meters] above mean sea level) on the Bedrock Topography map. For any location within a colored unit, the elevation of the bedrock surface is expected to be between the end values depicted on the legend. Elevation ranges are separated by contours, which represent lines of equal elevation. A grid of the bedrock elevation and all contour lines are available in the supplementary digital and GIS files (https://cse.umn.edu/mgs). The position of contour intervals was determined from outcrops, water-well construction records and scientific borings from the County Well Index, rotary-sonic drill core, and passive seismic measurements collected by the Minnesota Geological Survey. Passive seismic measurements have a greater margin of error than drilling records, so it is important to note that the reliability and accuracy of the bedrock topographic surface in any area is directly related to the density and type of available data (see Plate 1, Database Map). Areas with a high density of bedrock control points are likely to have accurate interpretations of the bedrock elevation, whereas those areas with widely spaced control points may be less reliable and inappropriate for site-specific needs. The highest density of data points occurs near populated areas that rely on groundwater for their drinking-water needs. Previous topography contours were assessed in the creation of this map and modified where new data warranted changes (Jirsa and others, 2011).The elevation of the bedrock surface in Lac qui Parle County varies from more than 1,126 feet (343 meters) above sea level in the southwest part of the county to less than 775 feet (236 meters) above sea level within the Minnesota River valley near Lac qui Parle Lake. The total relief of the bedrock surface across the county is approximately 370 feet (113 meters). The bedrock surface is incised by several deep valleys, one broad valley along the southern part of the county, and three narrower valleys in the northeast. The geometry of these narrow valleys indicates they deepen to the northeast, passing into adjacent Swift and Chippewa Counties.The bedrock-elevation surface shown on the Bedrock Topography map represents the elevation of the top unit of bedrock regardless of its age or composition. The uppermost bedrock unit across most of the county is Cretaceous in age. However, there are local areas where the Cretaceous rocks have completely eroded away, leaving Precambrian bedrock or saprolite as the bedrock surface. The Precambrian bedrock topography was also mapped at 25-foot (7.6-meter) intervals (Fig. 1). This surface precisely matches the mapped bedrock topography surface wherever Precambrian rocks are the uppermost bedrock. The highest Precambrian topography elevations occur in the northwest and south-central parts of the county and the lowest occur within a broad valley through the central part of the county.

This data set provides an estimate of annual groundwater recharge for each public land survey section in Michigan. Groundwater Inventory and Mapping Project, a cooperative effort between the Water Bureau - Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (now Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy), USGS - Michigan Water Science Center and Michigan State University - Institute of Water Research, RS&GIS and Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. This project was mandated by P.A. 148 (Michigan Acts of 2003). Major funding was provided by EGLE (MDEQ at the time), supplemented with additional funds from the USGS Cooperative Water Program.Public Law 148 required the MDEQ to obtain a map of state-wide groundwater recharge. The US Geological Survey and Michigan State University have created this data set to meet that need.Accuracy of the recharge estimate is estimated to be +/- 2.44 inches/yr in the western and northern Lower Peninsula, +/- 1.1 in/yr in the southeastern Lower Peninsula, and +/- 2.9 inches/yr in the Upper Peninsula. Areas in the eastern Upper Peninsula (Luce, Chippewa, and Mackinaw Counties) may have higher error because of relatively poor representation of specific geologic environments.Base flow separations were compiled 208 USGS streamflow gages in Michigan from those completed by Neff and others (2005). Within each region, an average recharge rate was calculated based on the baseflow yield. Residuals were computed for each streamflow gage.Watershed characteristics describing the geology, land cover, and general climate characteristics of the gaged watersheds were also compiled. These data were analyzed in Systat v.11 using a forward stepwise regression procedure to identify watershed characteristics that might be useful in predicting the value fo the residual. Within the eastern Lower Peninsula, the significant predictive variables, in addition to area, were: agricultural land use, urban land use, annual growing degree days, annual precipitation, and percent of the watershed underlain by lacustrine deposits. Within the western Lower Peninsula, the significant predictive variables, in addition to area, were: winter (December through March) precipitation, the percentage of the watershed underlain by till, and the percentage of the watershed occupied by forests. In the Upper Peninsula, the significant predictive variables, in addition to area, were: growing degree days and winter precipitation.Each of these predictive variables were calculated for each Public Land Survey section, the data used to predict a residual, then the residual added to the base recharge prediction for the region. Attribute Label Attribute Definition

FID Internal feature number, Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated

Shape Feature geometry, Coordinates defining the features

AREA Section area in square meters

PERIMETER Section perimeter in meters

TWN PLSS Township

RNG PLSS Range

SEC PLSS Section

COUNTY County ID

Recharge_I Inches of annual groundwater recharge Neff, B.P., Day, S.M., Piggott, A.R., and Fuller, L.M., Base Flow in the Great Lakes Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5217, 23 p.