21 datasets found
  1. Religious Populations Worldwide

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Dec 8, 2023
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    The Devastator (2023). Religious Populations Worldwide [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/thedevastator/religious-populations-worldwide
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    zip(481071 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Dec 8, 2023
    Authors
    The Devastator
    Description

    Religious Populations Worldwide

    Religious Populations Worldwide by Year and Category

    By Throwback Thursday [source]

    About this dataset

    The dataset includes data on Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Shintoism, Baha'i Faith, Taoism, Confucianism, Jainism and various other syncretic and animist religions. For each religion or denomination category, it provides both the total population count and the percentage representation in relation to the overall population.

    Additionally, - Columns labeled with Population provide numeric values representing the total number of individuals belonging to a particular religion or denomination. - Columns labeled with Percent represent numerical values indicating the percentage of individuals belonging to a specific religion or denomination within a given population. - Columns that begin with ** indicate primary categories (e.g., Christianity), while columns that do not have this prefix refer to subcategories (e.g., Christianity - Roman Catholics).

    In addition to providing precise data about specific religions or denominations globally throughout multiple years,this dataset also records information about geographical locations by including state or country names under StateNme.

    This comprehensive dataset is valuable for researchers seeking information on global religious trends and can be used for analysis in fields such as sociology, anthropology studies cultural studies among others

    How to use the dataset

    Introduction:

    • Understanding the Columns:

    • Year: Represents the year in which the data was recorded.

    • StateNme: Represents the name of the state or country for which data is recorded.

    • Population: Represents the total population of individuals.

    • Total Religious: Represents the total percentage and population of individuals who identify as religious, regardless of specific religion.

    • Non Religious: Represents the percentage and population of individuals who identify as non-religious or atheists.

    • Identifying Specific Religions: The dataset includes columns for different religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc. Each religion is further categorized into specific denominations or types within that religion (e.g., Roman Catholics within Christianity). You can find relevant information about these religions by focusing on specific columns related to each one.

    • Analyzing Percentages vs. Population: Some columns provide percentages while others provide actual population numbers for each category. Depending on your analysis requirement, you can choose either column type for your calculations and comparisons.

    • Accessing Historical Data: The dataset includes records from multiple years allowing you to analyze trends in religious populations over time. You can filter data based on specific years using Excel filters or programming languages like Python.

    • Filtering Data by State/Country: If you are interested in understanding religious populations in a particular state or country, use filters to focus on that region's data only.

    Example - Extracting Information:

    Let's say you want to analyze Hinduism's growth globally from 2000 onwards:

    • Identify Relevant Columns:
    • Year: to filter data from 2000 onwards.
    • Hindu - Total (Percent): to analyze the percentage of individuals identifying as Hindus globally.

    • Filter Data:

    • Set a filter on the Year column and select values greater than or equal to 2000.

    • Look for rows where Hindu - Total (Percent) has values.

    • Analyze Results: You can now visualize and calculate the growth of Hinduism worldwide after filtering out irrelevant data. Use statistical methods or graphical representations like line charts to understand trends over time.

    Conclusion: This guide has provided you with an overview of how to use the Rel

    Research Ideas

    • Comparing religious populations across different countries: With data available for different states and countries, this dataset allows for comparisons of religious populations across regions. Researchers can analyze how different religions are distributed geographically and compare their percentages or total populations across various locations.
    • Studying the impact of historical events on religious demographics: Since the dataset includes records categorized by year, it can be used to study how historical events such as wars, migration, or political changes have influenced religious demographics over time. By comparing population numbers before and after specific events, resea...
  2. t

    The Religion and State Project, Minorities Module, Round 2

    • thearda.com
    Updated Jul 22, 2014
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    Jonathan Fox (2014). The Religion and State Project, Minorities Module, Round 2 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RHC7G
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 22, 2014
    Dataset provided by
    The Association of Religion Data Archives
    Authors
    Jonathan Fox
    Dataset funded by
    The Sara and Simha Lainer Chair in Democracy and Civility
    The John Templeton Foundation
    Israel Science Foundation
    Description

    This Religion and State-Minorities (RASM) dataset is supplemental to the Religion and State Round 2 (RAS2) dataset. It codes the RAS religious discrimination variable using the minority as the unit of analysis (RAS2 uses a country as the unit of analysis and, is a general measure of all discrimination in the country). RASM codes religious discrimination by governments against all 566 minorities in 175 countries which make a minimum population cut off. Any religious minority which is at least 0.25 percent of the population or has a population of at least 500,000 (in countries with populations of 200 million or more) are included. The dataset also includes all Christian minorities in Muslim countries and all Muslim minorities in Christian countries for a total of 597 minorities. The data cover 1990 to 2008 with yearly codings.

    These religious discrimination variables are designed to examine restrictions the government places on the practice of religion by minority religious groups. It is important to clarify two points. First, these variables focus on restrictions on minority religions. Restrictions that apply to all religions are not coded in this set of variables. This is because the act of restricting or regulating the religious practices of minorities is qualitatively different from restricting or regulating all religions. Second, this set of variables focuses only on restrictions of the practice of religion itself or on religious institutions and does not include other types of restrictions on religious minorities. The reasoning behind this is that there is much more likely to be a religious motivation for restrictions on the practice of religion than there is for political, economic, or cultural restrictions on a religious minority. These secular types of restrictions, while potentially motivated by religion, also can be due to other reasons. That political, economic, and cultural restrictions are often placed on ethnic minorities who share the same religion and the majority group in their state is proof of this.

    This set of variables is essentially a list of specific types of religious restrictions which a government may place on some or all minority religions. These variables are identical to those included in the RAS2 dataset, save that one is not included because it focuses on foreign missionaries and this set of variables focuses on minorities living in the country. Each of the items in this category is coded on the following scale:

    0. The activity is not restricted or the government does not engage in this practice.
    1. The activity is restricted slightly or sporadically or the government engages in a mild form of this practice or a severe form sporadically.
    2. The activity is significantly restricted or the government engages in this activity often and on a large scale.

    A composite version combining the variables to create a measure of religious discrimination against minority religions which ranges from 0 to 48 also is included.

    ARDA Note: This file was revised on October 6, 2017. At the PIs request, we removed the variable reporting on the minority's percentage of a country's population after finding inconsistencies with the reported values. For detailed data on religious demographics, see the "/data-archive?fid=RCSREG2" Target="_blank">Religious Characteristics of States Dataset Project.

  3. Share of global population affiliated with major religious groups 2020

    • statista.com
    • ud-group.profit.moscow
    • +1more
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    Statista, Share of global population affiliated with major religious groups 2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/374704/share-of-global-population-by-religion/
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    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2020
    Area covered
    Worldwide
    Description

    In 2020, around 28.8 percent of the global population were identified as Christian. Around 25.6 percent of the global population identify as Muslims, followed by 14.9 percent of global populations as Hindu. The number of Muslims increased by 347 million, when compared to 2010 data, more than all other religions combined.

  4. World Religion Projections 2010 to 2050

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated May 21, 2023
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    Utkarsh Singh (2023). World Religion Projections 2010 to 2050 [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/utkarshx27/world-religion-projections
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    zip(41398 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 21, 2023
    Authors
    Utkarsh Singh
    License

    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

    Area covered
    World
    Description
    This dataset contains the estimated religious composition of 198 countries and territories for 2010 to 2050.
    The data is sourced from PEW RESEARCH CENTER . In original dataset the number and the percentage share of followers for some religions as "<10000" and "<10%". Because of technical limitations of the visualization tool, these values had to be changed into "10000".
    

    data/rounded_population.csv

    This file contains the number followers by religions and region for 2010 to 2050 | Column Name | Description | |-----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Year | The year for which the data is recorded. | | Region | The region to which the country belongs. | | Country | The name of the country. | | Buddhists | The estimated number of Buddhists in the country for the given year. | | Christians | The estimated number of Christians in the country for the given year. | | Folk Religions | The estimated number of followers of folk religions in the country for the given year. | | Hindus | The estimated number of Hindus in the country for the given year. | | Jews | The estimated number of Jews in the country for the given year. | | Muslims | The estimated number of Muslims in the country for the given year. | | Other Religions | The estimated number of followers of other religions in the country for the given year. | | Unaffiliated | The estimated number of people with no religious affiliation in the country for the given year. |

    data/rounded_percentage.csv

    This file contains the percentage share of followers by religions and region for 2010 to 2050 | Column Name | Description | |------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Year | The year for which the data is recorded. | | Region | The region to which the country belongs. | | Country | The name of the country. | | Christians | The percentage share of Christians in the country's population for the given year. | | Muslims | The percentage share of Muslims in the country's population for the given year. | | Unaffiliated | The percentage share of people with no religious affiliation in the country's population. | | Hindus | The percentage share of Hindus in the country's population for the given year. | | Buddhists | The percentage share of Buddhists in the country's population for the given year. | | Folk Religions | The percentage share of followers of folk religions in the country's population. | | Other Religions | The percentage share of followers of other religions in the country's population. | | Jews | The percentage share of Jews in the country's population for the given year. | | All Religions | The percentage share of all religious groups combined in the country's population for the year. |

  5. Dataset of Global Religious Composition Estimates for 2010 and 2020

    • pewresearch.org
    Updated 2025
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    Conrad Hackett; Marcin Stonawski; Yunping Tong; Stephanie Kramer; Anne Fengyan Shi (2025). Dataset of Global Religious Composition Estimates for 2010 and 2020 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.58094/vhrw-k516
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    Dataset updated
    2025
    Dataset provided by
    Pew Research Centerhttp://pewresearch.org/
    datacite
    Authors
    Conrad Hackett; Marcin Stonawski; Yunping Tong; Stephanie Kramer; Anne Fengyan Shi
    License

    https://www.pewresearch.org/about/terms-and-conditions/https://www.pewresearch.org/about/terms-and-conditions/

    Dataset funded by
    John Templeton Foundationhttp://templeton.org/
    Pew Charitable Trusts
    Description

    This dataset describes the world’s religious makeup in 2020 and 2010. We focus on seven categories: Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, people who belong to other religions, and those who are religiously unaffiliated. This analysis is based on more than 2,700 sources of data, including national censuses, large-scale demographic surveys, general population surveys and population registers. For more information about this data, see the associated Pew Research Center report "How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020."

  6. Population by Religion, Borough - Dataset - data.gov.uk

    • ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk
    Updated Jun 9, 2025
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    ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk (2025). Population by Religion, Borough - Dataset - data.gov.uk [Dataset]. https://ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk/dataset/population-by-religion-borough
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 9, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    CKANhttps://ckan.org/
    Description

    Table showing the numbers and percentage of resident population (all ages) broken down into six faiths, plus no religion and any other religion. Data is taken from the Annual Population Survey (ONS). The data covers: Christian, Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, any other religion and no religion at all. 95% Confidence Intervals are shown.

  7. India_census_dataset

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Jan 6, 2025
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    Sachin Balhara (2025). India_census_dataset [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/sbalharabalhara/india-census-dataset
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    zip(52999 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jan 6, 2025
    Authors
    Sachin Balhara
    License

    Apache License, v2.0https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    India
    Description

    India Census Dataset

    This dataset provides comprehensive census data at the district level for India. It includes detailed demographic, religious, educational, and workforce-related attributes, making it a rich resource for socio-economic analysis.

    1. Columns and Descriptions

    A. Basic Information

    District_code: A unique numeric code for each district. State_name: Name of the state to which the district belongs. District_name: Name of the district.

    B. Population Data

    Population: Total population of the district. Male: Total male population in the district. Female: Total female population in the district.

    C. Literacy Data

    Literate: Total number of literate individuals in the district.

    D. Workforce Data

    Workers: Total number of workers in the district. Male_Workers: Total number of male workers in the district. Female_Workers: Total number of female workers in the district. Cultivator_Workers: Number of workers engaged as cultivators. Agricultural_Workers: Number of workers engaged in agricultural labor. Household_Workers: Number of workers engaged in household industries.

    E. Religion Data

    Hindus: Total number of Hindus in the district. Muslims: Total number of Muslims in the district. Christians: Total number of Christians in the district. Sikhs: Total number of Sikhs in the district. Buddhists: Total number of Buddhists in the district. Jains: Total number of Jains in the district.

    F. Education Data

    Secondary_Education: Number of individuals with secondary education. Higher_Education: Number of individuals with higher education qualifications. Graduate_Education: Number of individuals with graduate-level education.

    G. Age Group Data

    Age_Group_0_29: Population in the age group 0–29 years. Age_Group_30_49: Population in the age group 30–49 years. Age_Group_50: Population aged 50 years and above.

    2. Key Highlights

    Number of Districts: 640 Number of Columns: 25 Non-null Values: All columns are complete with no missing data. Detailed breakdown of population by gender, age group, literacy levels, and workforce distribution. Religious composition and education statistics are also included for each district.

    3. Potential Use Cases

    Data Analysis and Visualization:

    Explore patterns in population distribution, literacy rates, workforce composition, and religious demographics. Machine Learning Applications:

    Build predictive models to classify districts or forecast demographic trends. Social Research:

    Investigate correlations between education levels, workforce participation, and religion. Policy Planning:

    Help policymakers target specific demographics or regions for intervention. Educational Insights:

    Analyze the impact of education levels on workforce participation or literacy.

    4. Dataset Overview

    Total Rows: 640 Total Columns: 25 This dataset provides a unique opportunity to understand India's socio-economic and demographic composition at a granular district level.

  8. The Religion and State Project, Minorities Module, Round 3

    • thearda.com
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    Jonathan Fox, The Religion and State Project, Minorities Module, Round 3 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/65WBU
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    Dataset provided by
    Association of Religion Data Archives
    Authors
    Jonathan Fox
    Dataset funded by
    Israel Science Foundation
    The Yehuda Avner Chair of Religion and Politics
    The Sara and Simha Lainer Chair in Democracy and Civility
    the German-Israel Foundation
    The John Templeton Foundation
    Description

    The Religion and State (RAS) project is a university-based project located at Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan, Israel. The general goal is to provide detailed codings on several aspects of separation of religion and state for 183 states on a yearly basis between 1990 and 2014. This constitutes all countries with populations of 250,000 or more, as well as a sampling of countries with lower populations.

    This module recodes the governmental and societal discrimination variables used in the Religion and State, Round 3 except that it uses a minority group within a state as the unit of analysis. For example, in the UK, Buddhists, Hindus, Jews, Muslims, Orthodox Christians, and Sikhs are all coded separately. The dataset includes all minorities which are at least 0.2% of the population as well as the following categories of minorities regardless of their population size: (1) Christians in Muslim countries, (2) Muslims in Christian countries, and (3) Jews in Christian-majority and Muslim-majority countries, where present.

  9. m

    Percentage Distribution of Population by Religion, Residence, and Province...

    • data.mef.gov.kh
    csv
    Updated Aug 5, 2025
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    National Institute of Statistics (2025). Percentage Distribution of Population by Religion, Residence, and Province in Cambodia, 2019-2024 [Dataset]. https://data.mef.gov.kh/datasets/pd_6837e7b8dbc953000126f656
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    csv(2 KB)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Aug 5, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    General Department of Digital Economy
    Authors
    National Institute of Statistics
    License

    https://data.mef.gov.kh/terms-of-usehttps://data.mef.gov.kh/terms-of-use

    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 2019 - Dec 31, 2024
    Area covered
    Cambodia
    Description

    The dataset presents the percentage distribution of the population by religion across different geographic zones, comparing values from 2019 and 2024. It highlights the proportions of Buddhist, Muslim, Christian, and other religious groups, offering a broad view of religious composition and changes over time at area and regional levels.

  10. I

    India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Apr 7, 2022
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    CEICdata.com (2022). India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/india/census-population-by-religion/census-population-by-religion-muslim-urban
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 7, 2022
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Mar 1, 2001 - Mar 1, 2011
    Area covered
    India
    Variables measured
    Population
    Description

    India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban data was reported at 68,740,419.000 Person in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 49,393,496.000 Person for 2001. India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 59,066,957.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68,740,419.000 Person in 2011 and a record low of 49,393,496.000 Person in 2001. India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Census of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE001: Census: Population: by Religion.

  11. Religion by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories

    • www150.statcan.gc.ca
    • open.canada.ca
    • +1more
    Updated Jun 21, 2023
    + more versions
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    Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2023). Religion by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.25318/9810035301-eng
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 21, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Statistics Canadahttps://statcan.gc.ca/en
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    Data on religion by gender and age for the population in private households in Canada, provinces and territories.

  12. England and Wales Census 2021 - Religion by highest qualification level

    • statistics.ukdataservice.ac.uk
    xlsx
    Updated Mar 24, 2023
    + more versions
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    Office for National Statistics; National Records of Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency; UK Data Service. (2023). England and Wales Census 2021 - Religion by highest qualification level [Dataset]. https://statistics.ukdataservice.ac.uk/dataset/england-and-wales-census-2021-religion-by-highest-qualification-level
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    xlsxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 24, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
    Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
    UK Data Servicehttps://ukdataservice.ac.uk/
    Authors
    Office for National Statistics; National Records of Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency; UK Data Service.
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Wales, England
    Description

    Census 2021 data on religion by highest qualification level, by sex, by age, England and Wales combined. This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by ethnic group. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

    The religion people connect or identify with (their religious affiliation), whether or not they practise or have belief in it.
    This question was voluntary and the variable includes people who answered the question, including “No religion”, alongside those who chose not to answer this question.

    Total counts for some population groups may not match between published tables. This is to protect the confidentiality of individuals' data. Population counts have been rounded to the nearest 5 and any counts below 10 are suppressed, this is signified by a 'c' in the data tables.

    This dataset shows population counts for usual residents aged 16 years and over. Some people aged 16 years old will not have completed key stage 4 yet on census day, and so did not have the opportunity to record any qualifications on the census.

    These estimates are not comparable to Department of Education figures on highest level of attainment because they include qualifications obtained outside England and Wales.

    Quality notes can be found here

    Quality information about Education can be found here

    Religion

    The 8 ‘tickbox’ religious groups are as follows:

    • Buddhist
    • Christian
    • Hindu
    • Jewish
    • Muslim
    • No religion
    • Sikh
    • Other religion

    No qualifications

    No qualifications

    Level 1

    Level 1 and entry level qualifications: 1 to 4 GCSEs grade A* to C , Any GCSEs at other grades, O levels or CSEs (any grades), 1 AS level, NVQ level 1, Foundation GNVQ, Basic or Essential Skills

    Level 2

    5 or more GCSEs (A* to C or 9 to 4), O levels (passes), CSEs (grade 1), School Certification, 1 A level, 2 to 3 AS levels, VCEs, Intermediate or Higher Diploma, Welsh Baccalaureate Intermediate Diploma, NVQ level 2, Intermediate GNVQ, City and Guilds Craft, BTEC First or General Diploma, RSA Diploma

    Apprenticeship

    Apprenticeship

    Level 3

    2 or more A levels or VCEs, 4 or more AS levels, Higher School Certificate, Progression or Advanced Diploma, Welsh Baccalaureate Advance Diploma, NVQ level 3; Advanced GNVQ, City and Guilds Advanced Craft, ONC, OND, BTEC National, RSA Advanced Diploma

    Level 4 +

    Degree (BA, BSc), higher degree (MA, PhD, PGCE), NVQ level 4 to 5, HNC, HND, RSA Higher Diploma, BTEC Higher level, professional qualifications (for example, teaching, nursing, accountancy)

    Other

    Vocational or work-related qualifications, other qualifications achieved in England or Wales, qualifications achieved outside England or Wales (equivalent not stated or unknown)

  13. U.S. Religion Census - Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2020...

    • thearda.com
    Updated 2020
    + more versions
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    The Association of Religion Data Archives (2020). U.S. Religion Census - Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2020 (County File) [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ET2A5
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    Dataset updated
    2020
    Dataset provided by
    Association of Religion Data Archives
    Dataset funded by
    The Church of the Nazarene
    United Church of Christ
    The John Templeton Foundation
    Southern Baptist Convention
    Glenmary Research Center
    Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod
    The Lilly Endowment, Inc.
    Description

    This study, designed and carried out by the "http://www.asarb.org/" Target="_blank">Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), compiled data on 372 religious bodies by county in the United States. Of these, the ASARB was able to gather data on congregations and adherents for 217 religious bodies and on congregations only for 155. Participating bodies included 354 Christian denominations, associations, or communions (including Latter-day Saints, Messianic Jews, and Unitarian/Universalist groups); counts of Jain, Shinto, Sikh, Tao, Zoroastrian, American Ethical Union, and National Spiritualist Association congregations, and counts of congregations and adherents from Baha'i, three Buddhist groupings, two Hindu groupings, four Jewish groupings, and Muslims. The 372 groups reported a total of 356,642 congregations with 161,224,088 adherents, comprising 48.6 percent of the total U.S. population of 331,449,281. Membership totals were estimated for some religious groups.

    In January 2024, the ARDA added 21 religious tradition (RELTRAD) variables to this dataset. These variables start at variable #12 (TOTCNG_2020). Categories were assigned based on pages 88-94 in the original "https://www.usreligioncensus.org/index.php/node/1638" Target="_blank">2020 U.S. Religion Census Report.

    Visit the "https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/sources-for-religious-congregations-membership-data" Target="_blank">frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data sources.

  14. Pew Survey on Israel's Religiously Divided Society Data Set

    • thearda.com
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    Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, Pew Survey on Israel's Religiously Divided Society Data Set [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GSQVJ
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    Dataset provided by
    Association of Religion Data Archives
    Authors
    Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life
    Dataset funded by
    The Neubauer Family Foundation
    The Pew Charitable Trusts
    Pew Research Centerhttp://pewresearch.org/
    Description

    Between Oct. 14, 2014, and May 21, 2015, Pew Research Center, with generous funding from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the Neubauer Family Foundation, completed 5,601 face-to-face interviews with non-institutionalized adults ages 18 and older living in Israel.

    The survey sampling plan was based on six districts defined in the 2008 Israeli census. In addition, Jewish residents of West Bank (Judea and Samaria) were included.

    The sample includes interviews with 3,789 respondents defined as Jews, 871 Muslims, 468 Christians and 439 Druze. An additional 34 respondents belong to other religions or are religiously unaffiliated. Five groups were oversampled as part of the survey design: Jews living in the West Bank, Haredim, Christian Arabs, Arabs living in East Jerusalem and Druze.

    Interviews were conducted under the direction of Public Opinion and Marketing Research of Israel (PORI). Surveys were administered through face-to-face, paper and pencil interviews conducted at the respondent's place of residence. Sampling was conducted through a multi-stage stratified area probability sampling design based on national population data available through the Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics' 2008 census.

    The questionnaire was designed by Pew Research Center staff in consultation with subject matter experts and advisers to the project. The questionnaire was translated into Hebrew, Russian and Arabic, independently verified by professional linguists conversant in regional dialects and pretested prior to fieldwork.

    The questionnaire was divided into four sections. All respondents who took the survey in Russian or Hebrew were branched into the Jewish questionnaire (Questionnaire A). Arabic-speaking respondents were branched into the Muslim (Questionnaire B), Christian (Questionnaire C) or Druze questionnaire (D) based on their response to the religious identification question. For the full question wording and exact order of questions, please see the questionnaire.

    Note that not all respondents who took the questionnaire in Hebrew or Russian are classified as Jews in this study. For further details on how respondents were classified as Jews, Muslims, Christians and Druze in the study, please see sidebar in the report titled "http://www.pewforum.org/2016/03/08/israels-religiously-divided-society/" Target="_blank">"How Religious are Defined".

    Following fieldwork, survey performance was assessed by comparing the results for key demographic variables with population statistics available through the census. Data were weighted to account for different probabilities of selection among respondents. Where appropriate, data also were weighted through an iterative procedure to more closely align the samples with official population figures for gender, age and education. The reported margins of sampling error and the statistical tests of significance used in the analysis take into account the design effects due to weighting and sample design.

    In addition to sampling error and other practical difficulties, one should bear in mind that question wording also can have an impact on the findings of opinion polls.

  15. n

    Data from: Knowledge of interaction styles and dimensions of interpretation...

    • narcis.nl
    • ssh.datastations.nl
    pdf/a
    Updated Jun 28, 2016
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    Jetten, M. (RU Radboud Universiteit); Hermans, C.A.M. (RU Radboud Universiteit); Sterkens, C.J.A. (RU Radboud Universiteit) (2016). Knowledge of interaction styles and dimensions of interpretation in interreligious adult education [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.17026/dans-x5c-eup9
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    pdf/aAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 28, 2016
    Dataset provided by
    Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)
    Authors
    Jetten, M. (RU Radboud Universiteit); Hermans, C.A.M. (RU Radboud Universiteit); Sterkens, C.J.A. (RU Radboud Universiteit)
    Area covered
    curriculum locations in the Netherlands
    Description

    This data set is part of the following publication:

    Jetten, M. (2018). Knowledge of interaction styles and dimensions of interpretation in interreligious adult education. An empirical study of the effects of a hermeneutic-communicative curriculum. Radboud University. Münster: LIT Verlag.

    This book reports on an evaluation study of a curriculum on interreligious dialogue among Christian and Muslims adults in the Netherlands. It was organized as a PhD-project between 2007 and 2013 at the Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies of Radboud University, financed by Stichting Nieuwegen.

    The primary aim of this research is to explain the contribution of a curriculum to knowledge of interaction styles and hermeneutic distinctions that are used to express and interpret the views on religious phenomena of adherents from different religious traditions. We consider knowledge of communication and interpretation conditional for mutual understanding between adherents of different religious traditions. We refer to this as hermeneutic-communicative learning. The focus of this dissertation is not solely religious phenomena, but the way that participants express and interpret these phenomena. Hence, the research goal of this study is: explaining the contribution of a hermeneutic-communicative curriculum using the method of mediated learning to the acquisition of knowledge of interaction styles and dimensions for interpreting religious phenomena.

    This study uses a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test, based on two non-equivalent groups (“untreated non-equivalent control group design with pre-test and post-test”, Cook & Campbell 1979, 103-129). To study the effects of participation in our curriculum, we distinguish two research groups, an experimental group that participates in the intervention, and a control group that does not participate. In both groups a pre-test and a post-test is held, respectively before and after the intervention.

    Our research population are Christian and Muslim adults in the Netherlands who are interested in interreligious meetings. To be able to reliably estimate the characteristics of the research population, we required a sample of at least 400 respondents in total, with 200 participants in the experimental group and 200 in the control group. Regarding the experimental group, we aimed at 20 curriculum locations, each with about twelve participants, making sure that respondent still feel secure to exchange religious beliefs and practices in a personal and informal way. We sought a group distribution of at least a third Christians or a third Muslims at each location. Regarding religion, the relative number of Christians in the control group appeared to be higher than in the experimental group. Therefore, in the analyses, we randomly reduced the number of Christians in the control group by 40%, by deleting the third and fifth of each five Christian respondents in the control group. This resulted in a total number of 260 respondents in the experimental group and 132 respondents in the control group.

    Part of this research project of Radboud University is the material for an interreligious course. It has been developed for Christian and Muslim adults with interest in interreligious communication. Participants get acquainted with a practical method that eases interreligious dialogue, focused at both enriching one’s own religious identity as well as getting familiar with the religion of the other. Focus is learning to communicate from the personal perspective, applied to substantive themes from Christianity and Islam. You are welcome to re-use and adjust all available curriculum materials and guidance sheets. Feel free to use part of the material, split up the material in separate units, or adjust to materials to your own needs, as long as you respect the copyright. Please refer to this dataset and the aforementioned publication.

    The data set contains various types of files, which are further explained in the read me first file. - Read me first file - Data files (SPSS files) - Documentation on the data set (methodology and measuring instruments) - Documentation on the interreligious curriculum (including the full program and guidance sheets for educators)

  16. England and Wales Census 2021 - Religion by economic activity status and...

    • statistics.ukdataservice.ac.uk
    xlsx
    Updated Mar 24, 2023
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    Office for National Statistics; National Records of Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency; UK Data Service. (2023). England and Wales Census 2021 - Religion by economic activity status and occupation [Dataset]. https://statistics.ukdataservice.ac.uk/dataset/england-and-wales-census-2021-religion-by-economic-activity-status-and-occupation
    Explore at:
    xlsxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 24, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
    Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
    UK Data Servicehttps://ukdataservice.ac.uk/
    Authors
    Office for National Statistics; National Records of Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency; UK Data Service.
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Wales, England
    Description

    Census 2021 data on religion by economic activity status, by sex, by age, and religion by occupation, by sex, by age, England and Wales combined. This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by ethnic group. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

    The religion people connect or identify with (their religious affiliation), whether or not they practise or have belief in it.
    This question was voluntary and the variable includes people who answered the question, including “No religion”, alongside those who chose not to answer this question.

    Total counts for some population groups may not match between published tables. This is to protect the confidentiality of individuals' data. Population counts have been rounded to the nearest 5 and any counts below 10 are suppressed, this is signified by a 'c' in the data tables.

    This dataset shows population counts for usual residents aged between 16 to 64 years old only. This is to focus on religious affiliation differences among the working age. Population counts in these tables may be different from other publications which use different age breakdowns.

    Quality notes can be found here

    Quality information about Labour Market can be found here

    The Standard Occupation Classification 2020 code used can be found here

    Religion

    The 8 ‘tickbox’ religious groups are as follows:

    • Buddhist
    • Christian
    • Hindu
    • Jewish
    • Muslim
    • No religion
    • Sikh
    • Other religion
  17. a

    Nigeria Religion Areas

    • ebola-nga.opendata.arcgis.com
    Updated Dec 6, 2014
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    National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (2014). Nigeria Religion Areas [Dataset]. https://ebola-nga.opendata.arcgis.com/content/f0f6a383411d46d78bb0fbd574bad259
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    Dataset updated
    Dec 6, 2014
    Dataset authored and provided by
    National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
    Area covered
    Description

    Islam and Christianity form the two dominant religions in Nigeria. The basis of traditional religions was systematically exterminated in the religio-cultural life of the Nigerian people after their contact with colonialism. Approximately 90 percent of the Nigerian people have since preferred to be identified with either Islam or Christianity.Nigeria’s contact with Islam predated that of Christianity and European colonialism; its spread was facilitated into Sub-Saharan Africa through trade and commerce. The northern part of Nigeria is symbolic to the history of Islam, as it penetrated the area through the Kanem-Borno Empire in the 11th century before spreading to the other predominately Hausa states. Islam was then introduced into the traditional societies of the Yoruba-speaking people of south-west Nigeria through their established commercial relationship with people of the North, particularly the Nupe and Fulani.Christianity reached Nigeria in the 15th century with the visitation of the Roman and Catholic missionaries to the coastal areas of the Niger-Delta region, although there were few recorded converts and churches built during this period. Christianity soon recorded a boost in the southern region given its opposition to the slave trade and its promotion of Western education. In contrast to the smooth process Christian evangelization underwent in the South, its process in the North was difficult because Islam had already become well-established.Given the philosophy of Islam as a complete way of life for a Muslim, Islam has always been closely attached to politics in Nigeria. The emergence of particular Islamic groups was significantly influenced by international events, particularly the 1979 Iranian revolution and the corresponding disenchantment from the West. These developments shaped Nigerian national politics of the period as Muslims radically redefined their political interests in line with religion and began to clamor for the incorporation of the Sharia legal system into the country’s judicial system. Nigeria then tried to harness opportunities accruable from other Muslim countries by becoming a registered member with the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) in 1985. This inflamed Christians and nurtured the fear of domination by their Muslim counterparts and the possibility of a gradual extinction of their religio-political strength in the national political structure. The distinct religious separation has also instigated violence in present-day Nigeria, including the Sharia riot in Kaduna in 2000, ongoing ethno-religious violence in Jos since 2001, and the 2011 post-election violence that erupted in some northern states. Nigerians’ continued loyalty to religion compared to that of the country continues to sustain major political debate, conflict, and violent outbreaks between populations of the two faiths.

    ISO3 - International Organization for Standardization 3-digit country code

    AREA_AFF - Geographic area affected by disease

    DT_START - Date health event started

    DT_END - Date health event ended

    TYPE - Type of disease group

    DISEASE - Name of disease

    NUM_DTH - Number of people reported dead from disease

    NUM_AFF - Number of people affected from disease

    SOURCE_DT - Source creation date

    SOURCE - Primary source

    Collection

    This HGIS was created using information collected from several websites. EM-DAT, the World Health Organization, and news reports provided information about the outbreaks.

    The data included herein have not been derived from a registered survey and should be considered approximate unless otherwise defined. While rigorous steps have been taken to ensure the quality of each dataset, DigitalGlobe Analytics is not responsible for the accuracy and completeness of data compiled from outside sources.

    Sources (HGIS)

    Egunganga, Vincent, Ami Sadiq, and Hir Joseph. All AfricaHIR JOSEPH, "Nigeria: Lassa Fever Returns Vicio." Last modified March 09, 2013. Accessed April 16, 2013. http://allafrica.com/.

    EM DAT, "Country Database; Nigeria." Last modified March 2013. Accessed April 16, 2013. http://www.emdat.be/.

    World Health Organization, "Global Health Observatory; Nigeria." Last modified 2012. Accessed April 16, 2013. http://www.who.int/en/.

    Sources (Metadata)

    Encyclopedia of the Nations, "Nigeria Country Specific Information." Last modified 2013. Accessed March 28, 2013. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com.

    Kates, Jennifer, and Alyssa Wilson Leggoe. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, "HIV/AIDS; The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Nigeria." Last modified October 2005. Accessed April 16, 2013. http://www.kff.org/.

    United States Embassy in Nigeria, "Nigeria Malaria Fact Sheet." Last modified December 2011. Accessed April 16, 2013. http://nigeria.usembassy.gov.

    World Health Organization, "Global Task Force on Cholera Control." Last modified January 18, 2012. Accessed April 16, 2013. http://www.who.int/.

    World Health Organization, "Meningococcal disease: situation in the African Meningitis Belt." Last modified 2012. Accessed March 14, 2013. http://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_05_24/en/index.html.

  18. England and Wales Census 2021 - Religion by general health, disability and...

    • statistics.ukdataservice.ac.uk
    xlsx
    Updated Mar 24, 2023
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    Office for National Statistics; National Records of Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency; UK Data Service. (2023). England and Wales Census 2021 - Religion by general health, disability and unpaid care [Dataset]. https://statistics.ukdataservice.ac.uk/dataset/england-and-wales-census-2021-religion-by-general-health-disability-and-unpaid-care
    Explore at:
    xlsxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 24, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
    Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
    UK Data Servicehttps://ukdataservice.ac.uk/
    Authors
    Office for National Statistics; National Records of Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency; UK Data Service.
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Wales, England
    Description

    Census 2021 data on religion by general health, by sex, by age; religion by disability, by sex, by age; and, religion by unpaid care, by sex, by age; England and Wales combined. This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by ethnic group. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

    The religion people connect or identify with (their religious affiliation), whether or not they practise or have belief in it.
    This question was voluntary and the variable includes people who answered the question, including “No religion”, alongside those who chose not to answer this question.

    Total counts for some population groups may not match between published tables. This is to protect the confidentiality of individuals' data. Population counts have been rounded to the nearest 5 and any counts below 10 are suppressed, this is signified by a 'c' in the data tables.

    The population base for unpaid care is usual residents aged 5 years and above. We have used 5-year age bands for the majority of analysis; however, age groups "5 to 17" and "18 to 24" have been used to allow commentary on young carers and young working age carers.

    Quality notes can be found here

    Religion

    The 8 ‘tickbox’ religious groups are as follows:

    • Buddhist
    • Christian
    • Hindu
    • Jewish
    • Muslim
    • No religion
    • Sikh
    • Other religion

    General health

    A person's assessment of the general state of their health from very good to very bad. This assessment is not based on a person's health over any specified period of time.

    Disability

    The definition of disability used in the 2021 Census is aligned with the definition of disability under the Equality Act (2010). A person is considered disabled if they self-report having a physical or mental health condition or illness that has lasted or is expected to last 12 months or more, and that this reduces their ability to carry out day-to-day activities.

    Unpaid care

    An unpaid carer may look after, give help or support to anyone who has long-term physical or mental ill-health conditions, illness or problems related to old age. This does not include any activities as part of paid employment. This help can be within or outside of the carer's household.

  19. England and Wales Census 2021 - Religion by housing

    • statistics.ukdataservice.ac.uk
    xlsx
    Updated Mar 24, 2023
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    Office for National Statistics; National Records of Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency; UK Data Service. (2023). England and Wales Census 2021 - Religion by housing [Dataset]. https://statistics.ukdataservice.ac.uk/dataset/england-and-wales-census-2021-religion-by-housing
    Explore at:
    xlsxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 24, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
    Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
    UK Data Servicehttps://ukdataservice.ac.uk/
    Authors
    Office for National Statistics; National Records of Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency; UK Data Service.
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Wales, England
    Description

    Census 2021 data on religion by household occupancy rating of bedrooms, by sex, by age, and religion by dwelling tenure, by sex, by age, England and Wales combined. This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by ethnic group. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

    The religion people connect or identify with (their religious affiliation), whether or not they practise or have belief in it.
    This question was voluntary and the variable includes people who answered the question, including “No religion”, alongside those who chose not to answer this question.

    Total counts for some population groups may not match between published tables. This is to protect the confidentiality of individuals' data. Population counts have been rounded to the nearest 5 and any counts below 10 are suppressed, this is signified by a 'c' in the data tables.

    Quality notes can be found here

    Quality information about Housing can be found here

    Religion

    The 8 ‘tickbox’ religious groups are as follows:

    • Buddhist
    • Christian
    • Hindu
    • Jewish
    • Muslim
    • No religion
    • Sikh
    • Other religion

    Occupancy rating of bedrooms: 0 or more

    A household’s accommodation has an ideal number of bedrooms or more bedrooms than required (under-occupied)

    Occupancy rating of bedrooms: -1 or less

    A household’s accommodation has fewer bedrooms than required (overcrowded)

  20. Bradford Council populations - Dataset - data.gov.uk

    • ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk
    Updated Oct 11, 2016
    + more versions
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    ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk (2016). Bradford Council populations - Dataset - data.gov.uk [Dataset]. https://ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk/dataset/bradford-council-populations
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Oct 11, 2016
    Dataset provided by
    CKANhttps://ckan.org/
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Bradford
    Description

    The latest population figures produced by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on 28 June 2018 show that an estimated 534,800 people live in Bradford District – an increase of 2,300 people (0.4%) since the previous year. Bradford District is the fifth largest metropolitan district (in terms of population) in England, after Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and Manchester although the District’s population growth is lower than other major cities. The increase in the District’s population is largely due to “natural change”- there have been around 3,300 more births than deaths, although this has been balanced by a larger number of people leaving Bradford to live in other parts of the UK than coming to live here and a lower number of international migrants. In 2016/17 the net internal migration was -2,700 and the net international migration was 1,700. A large proportion of Bradford’s population is dominated by the younger age groups. More than one-quarter (29%) of the District’s population is aged less than 20 and nearly seven in ten people are aged less than 50. Bradford has the highest percentage of the under 16 population in England after the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, Slough Borough Council and Luton Borough Council. The population of Bradford is ethnically diverse. The largest proportion of the district’s population (63.9%) identifies themselves as White British. The district has the largest proportion of people of Pakistani ethnic origin (20.3%) in England. The largest religious group in Bradford is Christian (45.9% of the population). Nearly one quarter of the population (24.7%) are Muslim. Just over one fifth of the district’s population (20.7%) stated that they had no religion. There are 216,813 households in the Bradford district. Most households own their own home (29.3% outright and 35.7% with a mortgage). The percentage of privately rented households is 18.1%. 29.6% of households were single person households. Information from the Annual Population Survey in December 2017 found that Bradford has 228,100 people aged 16-64 in employment. At 68% this is significantly lower than the national rate (74.9%). 91,100 (around 1 in 3 people) aged 16-64, are not in work. The claimant count rate is 2.9% which is higher than the regional and national averages. Skill levels are improving with 26.5% of 16 to 74 year olds educated to degree level. 18% of the district’s employed residents work in retail/wholesale. The percentage of people working in manufacturing has continued to decrease from 13.4% in 2009 to 11.9% in 2016. This is still higher than the average for Great Britain (8.1%).

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The Devastator (2023). Religious Populations Worldwide [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/thedevastator/religious-populations-worldwide
Organization logo

Religious Populations Worldwide

Religious Populations Worldwide by Year and Category

Explore at:
15 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
zip(481071 bytes)Available download formats
Dataset updated
Dec 8, 2023
Authors
The Devastator
Description

Religious Populations Worldwide

Religious Populations Worldwide by Year and Category

By Throwback Thursday [source]

About this dataset

The dataset includes data on Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Shintoism, Baha'i Faith, Taoism, Confucianism, Jainism and various other syncretic and animist religions. For each religion or denomination category, it provides both the total population count and the percentage representation in relation to the overall population.

Additionally, - Columns labeled with Population provide numeric values representing the total number of individuals belonging to a particular religion or denomination. - Columns labeled with Percent represent numerical values indicating the percentage of individuals belonging to a specific religion or denomination within a given population. - Columns that begin with ** indicate primary categories (e.g., Christianity), while columns that do not have this prefix refer to subcategories (e.g., Christianity - Roman Catholics).

In addition to providing precise data about specific religions or denominations globally throughout multiple years,this dataset also records information about geographical locations by including state or country names under StateNme.

This comprehensive dataset is valuable for researchers seeking information on global religious trends and can be used for analysis in fields such as sociology, anthropology studies cultural studies among others

How to use the dataset

Introduction:

  • Understanding the Columns:

  • Year: Represents the year in which the data was recorded.

  • StateNme: Represents the name of the state or country for which data is recorded.

  • Population: Represents the total population of individuals.

  • Total Religious: Represents the total percentage and population of individuals who identify as religious, regardless of specific religion.

  • Non Religious: Represents the percentage and population of individuals who identify as non-religious or atheists.

  • Identifying Specific Religions: The dataset includes columns for different religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc. Each religion is further categorized into specific denominations or types within that religion (e.g., Roman Catholics within Christianity). You can find relevant information about these religions by focusing on specific columns related to each one.

  • Analyzing Percentages vs. Population: Some columns provide percentages while others provide actual population numbers for each category. Depending on your analysis requirement, you can choose either column type for your calculations and comparisons.

  • Accessing Historical Data: The dataset includes records from multiple years allowing you to analyze trends in religious populations over time. You can filter data based on specific years using Excel filters or programming languages like Python.

  • Filtering Data by State/Country: If you are interested in understanding religious populations in a particular state or country, use filters to focus on that region's data only.

Example - Extracting Information:

Let's say you want to analyze Hinduism's growth globally from 2000 onwards:

  • Identify Relevant Columns:
  • Year: to filter data from 2000 onwards.
  • Hindu - Total (Percent): to analyze the percentage of individuals identifying as Hindus globally.

  • Filter Data:

  • Set a filter on the Year column and select values greater than or equal to 2000.

  • Look for rows where Hindu - Total (Percent) has values.

  • Analyze Results: You can now visualize and calculate the growth of Hinduism worldwide after filtering out irrelevant data. Use statistical methods or graphical representations like line charts to understand trends over time.

Conclusion: This guide has provided you with an overview of how to use the Rel

Research Ideas

  • Comparing religious populations across different countries: With data available for different states and countries, this dataset allows for comparisons of religious populations across regions. Researchers can analyze how different religions are distributed geographically and compare their percentages or total populations across various locations.
  • Studying the impact of historical events on religious demographics: Since the dataset includes records categorized by year, it can be used to study how historical events such as wars, migration, or political changes have influenced religious demographics over time. By comparing population numbers before and after specific events, resea...
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