In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the financial system and the rapid development of the banking industry, the competition of the banking industry itself has intensified. At the same time, with the rapid development of information technology and Internet technology, customers’ choice of financial products is becoming more and more diversified, and customers’ dependence and loyalty to banking institutions is becoming less and less, and the problem of customer churn in commercial banks is becoming more and more prominent. How to predict customer behavior and retain existing customers has become a major challenge for banks to solve. Therefore, this study takes a bank’s business data on Kaggle platform as the research object, uses multiple sampling methods to compare the data for balancing, constructs a bank customer churn prediction model for churn identification by GA-XGBoost, and conducts interpretability analysis on the GA-XGBoost model to provide decision support and suggestions for the banking industry to prevent customer churn. The results show that: (1) The applied SMOTEENN is more effective than SMOTE and ADASYN in dealing with the imbalance of banking data. (2) The F1 and AUC values of the model improved and optimized by XGBoost using genetic algorithm can reach 90% and 99%, respectively, which are optimal compared to other six machine learning models. The GA-XGBoost classifier was identified as the best solution for the customer churn problem. (3) Using Shapley values, we explain how each feature affects the model results, and analyze the features that have a high impact on the model prediction, such as the total number of transactions in the past year, the amount of transactions in the past year, the number of products owned by customers, and the total sales balance. The contribution of this paper is mainly in two aspects: (1) this study can provide useful information from the black box model based on the accurate identification of churned customers, which can provide reference for commercial banks to improve their service quality and retain customers; (2) it can provide reference for customer churn early warning models of other related industries, which can help the banking industry to maintain customer stability, maintain market position and reduce corporate losses.

The customer churn dataset is a collection of customer data that focuses on predicting customer churn, which refers to the tendency of customers to stop using a company's products or services. The dataset contains various features that describe each customer, such as their credit score, country, gender, age, tenure, balance, number of products, credit card status, active membership, estimated salary, and churn status. The churn status indicates whether a customer has churned or not. The dataset is used to analyze and understand factors that contribute to customer churn and to build predictive models to identify customers at risk of churning. The goal is to develop strategies and interventions to reduce churn and improve customer retention

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the financial system and the rapid development of the banking industry, the competition of the banking industry itself has intensified. At the same time, with the rapid development of information technology and Internet technology, customers’ choice of financial products is becoming more and more diversified, and customers’ dependence and loyalty to banking institutions is becoming less and less, and the problem of customer churn in commercial banks is becoming more and more prominent. How to predict customer behavior and retain existing customers has become a major challenge for banks to solve. Therefore, this study takes a bank’s business data on Kaggle platform as the research object, uses multiple sampling methods to compare the data for balancing, constructs a bank customer churn prediction model for churn identification by GA-XGBoost, and conducts interpretability analysis on the GA-XGBoost model to provide decision support and suggestions for the banking industry to prevent customer churn. The results show that: (1) The applied SMOTEENN is more effective than SMOTE and ADASYN in dealing with the imbalance of banking data. (2) The F1 and AUC values of the model improved and optimized by XGBoost using genetic algorithm can reach 90% and 99%, respectively, which are optimal compared to other six machine learning models. The GA-XGBoost classifier was identified as the best solution for the customer churn problem. (3) Using Shapley values, we explain how each feature affects the model results, and analyze the features that have a high impact on the model prediction, such as the total number of transactions in the past year, the amount of transactions in the past year, the number of products owned by customers, and the total sales balance. The contribution of this paper is mainly in two aspects: (1) this study can provide useful information from the black box model based on the accurate identification of churned customers, which can provide reference for commercial banks to improve their service quality and retain customers; (2) it can provide reference for customer churn early warning models of other related industries, which can help the banking industry to maintain customer stability, maintain market position and reduce corporate losses.

Explore the 'Bank Churn (test)' dataset, a comprehensive collection designed for evaluating predictive models and analyzing customer attrition in the banking sector. This test dataset, derived from real-world scenarios, offers a robust platform to assess the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in predicting and understanding bank churn dynamics.

Predictive analytics is rapidly transforming the banking sector, offering institutions the ability to enhance decision-making across various operations. The market, currently valued at approximately $15 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by several key factors. Increasing regulatory scrutiny demanding improved risk management necessitates advanced analytical tools. The need for personalized customer experiences, coupled with the rising adoption of digital banking channels, fuels demand for predictive modeling in areas such as fraud detection, customer churn prediction, and targeted marketing. Furthermore, the availability of vast amounts of data, combined with advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence, empowers banks to derive actionable insights with unprecedented accuracy. The market's expansion is further accelerated by the growing adoption of cloud-based solutions, offering scalability and cost-effectiveness. However, challenges remain. Data security and privacy concerns are paramount, requiring robust data governance frameworks. The need for skilled professionals to develop, implement, and interpret predictive models presents another hurdle. Additionally, the integration of predictive analytics solutions with existing legacy systems within banking institutions can prove complex and time-consuming. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for predictive analytics in banking remains positive, with a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 15% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is anticipated to be driven by continuous technological innovation, increasing data availability, and the growing recognition of the substantial return on investment associated with predictive modeling within the financial industry. The competitive landscape includes established players like FICO, IBM, and Oracle, as well as specialized providers such as Accretive Technologies and Angoss Software, vying for market share through innovative solutions and strategic partnerships.

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the financial system and the rapid development of the banking industry, the competition of the banking industry itself has intensified. At the same time, with the rapid development of information technology and Internet technology, customers’ choice of financial products is becoming more and more diversified, and customers’ dependence and loyalty to banking institutions is becoming less and less, and the problem of customer churn in commercial banks is becoming more and more prominent. How to predict customer behavior and retain existing customers has become a major challenge for banks to solve. Therefore, this study takes a bank’s business data on Kaggle platform as the research object, uses multiple sampling methods to compare the data for balancing, constructs a bank customer churn prediction model for churn identification by GA-XGBoost, and conducts interpretability analysis on the GA-XGBoost model to provide decision support and suggestions for the banking industry to prevent customer churn. The results show that: (1) The applied SMOTEENN is more effective than SMOTE and ADASYN in dealing with the imbalance of banking data. (2) The F1 and AUC values of the model improved and optimized by XGBoost using genetic algorithm can reach 90% and 99%, respectively, which are optimal compared to other six machine learning models. The GA-XGBoost classifier was identified as the best solution for the customer churn problem. (3) Using Shapley values, we explain how each feature affects the model results, and analyze the features that have a high impact on the model prediction, such as the total number of transactions in the past year, the amount of transactions in the past year, the number of products owned by customers, and the total sales balance. The contribution of this paper is mainly in two aspects: (1) this study can provide useful information from the black box model based on the accurate identification of churned customers, which can provide reference for commercial banks to improve their service quality and retain customers; (2) it can provide reference for customer churn early warning models of other related industries, which can help the banking industry to maintain customer stability, maintain market position and reduce corporate losses.

Dataset

This dataset was created by T S S ABHI RAM KOTIPALLI

Contents

The data will be used to predict whether a customer of the bank will churn. If a customer churns, it means they left the bank and took their business elsewhere. If you can predict which customers are likely to churn, you can take measures to retain them before they do. These measures could be promotions, discounts, or other incentives to boost customer satisfaction and, therefore, retention.

The dataset contains:

10,000 rows – each row is a unique customer of the bank

14 columns:

RowNumber: Row numbers from 1 to 10,000

CustomerId: Customer’s unique ID assigned by bank

Surname: Customer’s last name

CreditScore: Customer’s credit score. This number can range from 300 to 850.

Geography: Customer’s country of residence

Gender: Categorical indicator

Age: Customer’s age (years)

Tenure: Number of years customer has been with bank

Balance: Customer’s bank balance (Euros)

NumOfProducts: Number of products the customer has with the bank

HasCrCard: Indicates whether the customer has a credit card with the bank

IsActiveMember: Indicates whether the customer is considered active

EstimatedSalary: Customer’s estimated annual salary (Euros)

Exited: Indicates whether the customer churned (left the bank)

Comparison of GA-XGBoost with XGBoost and LightGBM test results.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Abraz Laskar

Contents

The Customer Churn Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for businesses across diverse sectors to improve customer retention and enhance profitability. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions offers scalability and cost-effectiveness, attracting a wider range of businesses. Secondly, advancements in AI and machine learning are enabling more sophisticated churn prediction and proactive customer engagement strategies. The telecommunications, banking and finance, and retail and e-commerce sectors are currently leading the adoption, leveraging the software to identify at-risk customers and implement targeted retention programs. However, factors such as high implementation costs, integration challenges with existing systems, and the need for skilled personnel to manage the software can act as restraints on market growth. We project a substantial market expansion in the coming years, with a steady compound annual growth rate (CAGR) contributing to a significant increase in market value. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with established players like IBM, Salesforce, and Microsoft competing alongside specialized churn management solution providers. This competition fosters innovation and drives the development of more advanced features and functionalities. Looking ahead, the market will witness further consolidation through mergers and acquisitions, as larger companies seek to expand their market share. The increasing emphasis on data privacy and security regulations will also shape market dynamics, with vendors focusing on compliant solutions. The market is expected to witness the rise of niche solutions tailored to specific industry segments, providing customized functionalities. The geographic distribution of the market is expected to remain concentrated in North America and Europe initially, with significant growth potential in emerging markets like Asia Pacific and the Middle East & Africa, fueled by increasing digitalization and adoption of sophisticated business analytics. The continued evolution of AI and machine learning algorithms will be crucial in improving the accuracy and efficiency of churn prediction models, further enhancing the value proposition of Customer Churn Software. This convergence of technological advancement, regulatory compliance, and industry-specific needs will shape the future trajectory of the Customer Churn Software market.

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the financial system and the rapid development of the banking industry, the competition of the banking industry itself has intensified. At the same time, with the rapid development of information technology and Internet technology, customers’ choice of financial products is becoming more and more diversified, and customers’ dependence and loyalty to banking institutions is becoming less and less, and the problem of customer churn in commercial banks is becoming more and more prominent. How to predict customer behavior and retain existing customers has become a major challenge for banks to solve. Therefore, this study takes a bank’s business data on Kaggle platform as the research object, uses multiple sampling methods to compare the data for balancing, constructs a bank customer churn prediction model for churn identification by GA-XGBoost, and conducts interpretability analysis on the GA-XGBoost model to provide decision support and suggestions for the banking industry to prevent customer churn. The results show that: (1) The applied SMOTEENN is more effective than SMOTE and ADASYN in dealing with the imbalance of banking data. (2) The F1 and AUC values of the model improved and optimized by XGBoost using genetic algorithm can reach 90% and 99%, respectively, which are optimal compared to other six machine learning models. The GA-XGBoost classifier was identified as the best solution for the customer churn problem. (3) Using Shapley values, we explain how each feature affects the model results, and analyze the features that have a high impact on the model prediction, such as the total number of transactions in the past year, the amount of transactions in the past year, the number of products owned by customers, and the total sales balance. The contribution of this paper is mainly in two aspects: (1) this study can provide useful information from the black box model based on the accurate identification of churned customers, which can provide reference for commercial banks to improve their service quality and retain customers; (2) it can provide reference for customer churn early warning models of other related industries, which can help the banking industry to maintain customer stability, maintain market position and reduce corporate losses.

The Churn Prediction Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for businesses across diverse sectors to proactively manage customer retention. The market's expansion is fueled by the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions, offering scalability and cost-effectiveness. Key applications include telecommunications, banking and finance, retail, e-commerce, and healthcare, where minimizing customer churn is crucial for profitability. The market is witnessing a shift towards sophisticated predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms that provide more accurate churn predictions, allowing businesses to implement targeted retention strategies. This includes personalized offers, proactive customer support, and improved product/service offerings. Furthermore, the integration of churn prediction software with CRM systems enhances data analysis and facilitates more effective customer relationship management. Competition is intensifying with established players like SAP, Salesforce, and Oracle competing alongside agile startups offering specialized solutions. The market's growth, while positive, also faces certain restraints, such as the high initial investment costs for implementing these sophisticated solutions and the need for skilled data scientists to interpret and leverage the insights derived from the analyses. Despite these challenges, the market's future remains promising. The increasing availability of large datasets, coupled with advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, is expected to drive innovation and further enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of churn prediction software. Regional growth will vary, with North America and Europe likely leading the market initially, driven by higher technology adoption rates and established business practices. However, growth in Asia-Pacific is anticipated to accelerate significantly in the coming years as businesses in developing economies prioritize customer retention strategies. The continued development of user-friendly interfaces and the increasing integration of these tools into existing business workflows will further contribute to the overall market expansion and wider adoption across various industries.

Analysis of ‘Churn for Bank Customers’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/mathchi/churn-for-bank-customers on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Content

• RowNumber—corresponds to the record (row) number and has no effect on the output.
• CustomerId—contains random values and has no effect on customer leaving the bank.
• Surname—the surname of a customer has no impact on their decision to leave the bank.
• CreditScore—can have an effect on customer churn, since a customer with a higher credit score is less likely to leave the bank.
• Geography—a customer’s location can affect their decision to leave the bank.
• Gender—it’s interesting to explore whether gender plays a role in a customer leaving the bank.
• Age—this is certainly relevant, since older customers are less likely to leave their bank than younger ones.
• Tenure—refers to the number of years that the customer has been a client of the bank. Normally, older clients are more loyal and less likely to leave a bank.
  • Balance—also a very good indicator of customer churn, as people with a higher balance in their accounts are less likely to leave the bank compared to those with lower balances.
  • NumOfProducts—refers to the number of products that a customer has purchased through the bank.
  • HasCrCard—denotes whether or not a customer has a credit card. This column is also relevant, since people with a credit card are less likely to leave the bank.
  • IsActiveMember—active customers are less likely to leave the bank.
  • EstimatedSalary—as with balance, people with lower salaries are more likely to leave the bank compared to those with higher salaries.
  • Exited—whether or not the customer left the bank.

Acknowledgements

As we know, it is much more expensive to sign in a new client than keeping an existing one.

It is advantageous for banks to know what leads a client towards the decision to leave the company.

Churn prevention allows companies to develop loyalty programs and retention campaigns to keep as many customers as possible.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Performance comparison of different adoption algorithms in XGBoost model.

This dataset is for ABC Multistate bank with following columns:

1. customer_id, unused variable.
2. credit_score, used as input.
3. country, used as input.
4. gender, used as input.
5. age, used as input.
6. tenure, used as input.
7. balance, used as input.
8. products_number, used as input.
9. credit_card, used as input.
10. active_member, used as input.
11. estimated_salary, used as input.
12. churn, used as the target. 1 if the client has left the bank during some period or 0 if he/she has not.

Aim is to Predict the Customer Churn for ABC Bank.

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Analysis of ‘Bank Turnover Dataset’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/barelydedicated/bank-customer-churn-modeling on 28 January 2022.

--- No further description of dataset provided by original source ---

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Analysis of ‘Bank Customers Churn ’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/santoshd3/bank-customers on 30 September 2021.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Context

A dataset which contain some customers who are withdrawing their account from the bank due to some loss and other issues with the help this data we try to analyse and maintain accuracy.

Content

What's inside is more than just rows and columns. Make it easy for others to get started by describing how you acquired the data and what time period it represents, too.

Acknowledgements

We wouldn't be here without the help of others. If you owe any attributions or thanks, include them here along with any citations of past research.

Inspiration

Your data will be in front of the world's largest data science community. What questions do you want to see answered?

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Bank Customer Churn Dataset is a collection of data related to customers of a bank who have either left (churned) or stayed with the bank. This dataset is typically used for predictive modeling to identify patterns and factors that lead to customer churn, enabling banks to take proactive measures to retain customers.

• id: Unique identifier for each customer.

• CustomerId: Unique identifier for the customer account.

• Surname: Last name of the customer.

• CreditScore: Numeric representation of the customer's creditworthiness.

• Geography:str, Gender:str:Country or region where the customer resides ,Gender of the customer (e.g., Male, Female).

• Age: Age of the customer.

• Tenure: Number of years the customer has been with the bank.

• Balance: Current balance in the customer's account.

• NumOfProducts: Number of bank products the customer uses.

• HasCrCard: Binary indicator (0 or 1) for whether the customer has a credit card.

• IsActiveMember: Binary indicator (0 or 1) for whether the customer is an active member.

• EstimatedSalary: Estimated salary of the customer.

• Exited: Binary indicator (0 or 1) for whether the customer has churned (the target).

Dataset

This dataset was created by Aliahmd15

Contents