Weather Data collected by CIMIS automatic weather stations. The data is available in CSV format. Station data include measured parameters such as solar radiation, air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and wind direction as well as derived parameters such as vapor pressure, dew point temperature, and grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo).

The California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) currently manages over 145 active weather stations throughout the state. Archived data is also available for 85 additional stations that have been disconnected from the network for various reasons. CIMIS stations provide hourly records of solar radiation, precipitation, air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. Most of the CIMIS stations produce estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for the station location and their immediate surroundings, often in agricultural areas. The Department of Water Resources operates CIMIS as a free resource to help California to manage water resources more efficiently. CIMIS weather stations collect weather data on a minute-by-minute basis. Hourly data reflects the previous hour's 60 minutes of readings. Hourly and daily values are calculated and stored in the dataloggers. A computer at the DWR headquarters in Sacramento calls every station starting at midnight Pacific Standard Time (PST) and retrieves data at predetermined time intervals. At the time of this writing, CIMIS data is retrieved from the stations every hour. When there is a communication problem between the polling server and any given station, the server skips that station and calls the next station in the list. After all other stations have reported, the polling server again polls the station with the communication problem. The interrogation continues into the next day until all of the station data have been transmitted. CIMIS data processing involves checking the accuracy of the measured weather data for quality, calculating reference evapotranspiration (ETo/ETr) and other intermediate parameters, flagging measured and calculated parameters, and storing the data in the CIMIS database. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a loss of water to the atmosphere by the combined processes of evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and transpiration from plants. Reference evapotranspiration is ET from standardized grass or alfalfa surfaces over which the weather stations are sitting. The standardization of grass or alfalfa surfaces for a weather station is required because ET varies depending on plant (type, density, height) and soil factors and it is difficult, if not impossible, to measure weather parameters under all sets of conditions. Irrigators have to use crop factors, known as crop coefficients (Kc), to convert ET from the standardized reference surfaces into an actual evapotranspiration (ETc) by a specific crop. For more information go to https://cimis.water.ca.gov/. The associated data are considered DWR enterprise GIS data, which meet all appropriate requirements of the DWR Spatial Data Standards, specifically the DWR Spatial Data Standard version 3.3, dated April 13, 2022. DWR makes no warranties or guarantees —either expressed or implied — as to the completeness, accuracy, or correctness of the data. DWR neither accepts nor assumes liability arising from or for any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading subject data. Comments, problems, improvements, updates, or suggestions should be forwarded to GIS@water.ca.gov.

CIMIS data is available to the public free of charge via a web Application Programming Interface (API). The CIMIS Web API delivers data over the REST protocol from an enterprise production platform. The system provides reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and weather data from the CIMIS Weather Station Network and the Spatial CIMIS System. Spatial CIMIS provides daily maps of ETo and solar radiation (Rs) data at 2-km grid by coupling remotely sensed satellite data with point measurements from the CIMIS weather stations. In summary, the data provided through the CIMIS Web API is comprised by a) Weather and ETo data registered at the CIMIS Weather Station Network (more than 150 stations located throughout the state of California and b) Spatial CIMIS System data that provides statewide ETo and solar radiation (Rs) data as well as aeraged ETo by zip-codes. The RESTful HTTP services reach a broader range of clients; including Wi-Fi aware irrigation smart controllers as well as browser and mobile applications, all while expanding the delivery options by providing data in either JSON or XML formats.

This data set contains hourly resolution surface meteorological data from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) weather stations. CIMIS is a program in the Office of Water Use Efficiency (OWUE) in the California Department of Water Resources. The network includes over 120 weather stations in the state of California. The data are in comma-delimited ASCII.

🇺🇸 United States

The ETo Zones Map allows users to view the grass-reference evapotranspiration (ETo) Zones for the State of California. The map was developed by DWR and UC Davis in 1999 and divides the State into 18 zones based on long-term monthly average ETo. The ETo values were calculated using data from various data sources, including CIMIS weather stations that had at least five years of archived data. This dataset is the version from 1999.

Weather Data collected by CIMIS automatic weather stations. The data is available in CSV format. Station data include measured parameters such as solar radiation, air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and wind direction as well as derived parameters such as vapor pressure, dew point temperature, and grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo).

The dataset contains daily grass-reference evapotranspiration (ETo) maps stored as ASCII files. ETo at a 2 km spatial resolution are calculated statewide using the American Society of Civil Engineers version of the Penman-Monteith equation (ASCE-PM). Required input parameters for the ASCE-PM ETo equation are solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed at two meters height. These parameters are estimated for each 2 km pixel using various methods.

Daily solar radiation is generated from the visible band of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) using the Heliosat-II model. This model is designed to convert images acquired by the Meteosat satellite into maps of global (direct plus diffused) irradiation received at ground level.

Daily time series of solar radiation, air temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed, precipitation, relative humidity, and dew point at CIMIS station 105 near the San Joaquin River in California, USA Start date: 03/01/2010 End date: 12/31/2014

October 31, 2024 (Final DWR Data)

The 2018 Legislation required DWR to provide or otherwise identify data regarding the unique local conditions to support the calculation of an urban water use objective (CWC 10609. (b)(2) (C)). The urban water use objective (UWUO) is an estimate of aggregate efficient water use for the previous year based on adopted water use efficiency standards and local service area characteristics for that year.

UWUO is calculated as the sum of efficient indoor residential water use, efficient outdoor residential water use, efficient outdoor irrigation of landscape areas with dedicated irrigation meter for Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII) water use, efficient water losses, and an estimated water use in accordance with variances, as appropriate. Details of urban water use objective calculations can be obtained from DWR’s Recommendations for Guidelines and Methodologies document (Recommendations for Guidelines and Methodologies for Calculating Urban Water Use Objective - https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Water-Use-And-Efficiency/2018-Water-Conservation-Legislation/Performance-Measures/UWUO_GM_WUES-DWR-2021-01B_COMPLETE.pdf).

The datasets provided in the links below enable urban retail water suppliers calculate efficient outdoor water uses (both residential and CII), agricultural variances, variances for significant uses of water for dust control for horse corals, and temporary provisions for water use for existing pools (as stated in Water Boards’ draft regulation). DWR will provide technical assistance for estimating the remaining UWUO components, as needed. Data for calculating outdoor water uses include:

• Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) – ETo is evaporation plant and soil surface plus transpiration through the leaves of standardized grass surfaces over which weather stations stand. Standardization of the surfaces is required because evapotranspiration (ET) depends on combinations of several factors, making it impractical to take measurements under all sets of conditions. Plant factors, known as crop coefficients (Kc) or landscape coefficients (KL), are used to convert ETo to actual water use by specific crop/plant. The ETo data that DWR provides to urban retail water suppliers for urban water use objective calculation purposes is derived from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) program (https://cimis.water.ca.gov/). CIMIS is a network of over 150 automated weather stations throughout the state that measure weather data that are used to estimate ETo. CIMIS also provides daily maps of ETo at 2-km grid using the Spatial CIMIS modeling approach that couples satellite data with point measurements. The ETo data provided below for each urban retail water supplier is an area weighted average value from the Spatial CIMIS ETo.

• Effective precipitation (Peff) - Peff is the portion of total precipitation which becomes available for plant growth. Peff is affected by soil type, slope, land cover type, and intensity and duration of rainfall. DWR is using a soil water balance model, known as Cal-SIMETAW, to estimate daily Peff at 4-km grid and an area weighted average value is calculated at the service area level. Cal-SIMETAW is a model that was developed by UC Davis and DWR and it is widely used to quantify agricultural, and to some extent urban, water uses for the publication of DWR’s Water Plan Update. Peff from Cal-SIMETAW is capped at 25% of total precipitation to account for potential uncertainties in its estimation. Daily Peff at each grid point is aggregated to produce weighted average annual or seasonal Peff at the service area level. The total precipitation that Cal-SIMETAW uses to estimate Peff comes from the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM), which is a climate mapping model developed by the PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University.

• Residential Landscape Area Measurement (LAM) – The 2018 Legislation required DWR to provide each urban retail water supplier with data regarding the area of residential irrigable lands in a manner that can reasonably be applied to the standards (CWC 10609.6.(b)). DWR delivered the LAM data to all retail water suppliers, and a tabular summary of selected data types will be provided here. The data summary that is provided in this file contains irrigable-irrigated (II), irrigable-not-irrigated (INI), and not irrigable (NI) irrigation status classes, as well as horse corral areas (HCL_area), agricultural areas (Ag_area), and pool areas (Pool_area) for all retail suppliers.

Coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the cross validation of kriging adding an incremental number of in-orchard stations (15,30,60,100,150,250,350,450,550 and 650) to a CIMIS baseline (0).

The meteorology data (air temperature, wet bulb temperature, cloud cover, atmospheric pressure, wind speed) was assembled from NOAA and CIMIS; data from CIMIS did not have wet bulb data, so it was calculated using relative humidity and air temperature

Site selection:

Our study took place at Rancho Seco (38.34˚ N, -121.11˚ W), a 458.10-ha conservation site in Northern California. Rancho Seco is located on a high-terrace alluvial formation that hosts Northern Hardpan Vernal Pools on Redding Gravelly Loam and Corning Complex soils (USGS SoilWeb) (Figure 1). The climate is Mediterranean with an average annual precipitation of 526.2 mm per water year (1 Oct – 30 Sep, CIMIS Weather Station, 21-year avg. 1997-2018, Fair Oaks, CA). Annual plants germinate with the first significant fall rains (generally Oct.-Nov.) and flower as the rainy season ends (Apr.-May), and seeds are dormant through the dry summers. Our study included the last 2 years of a multi-year drought: 2014-15 (39.06 cm, 75.27% of 21-year avg.), the slightly wetter year of 2015-2016 (43.60 cm, 82.83% of 21-year avg.), and the extremely wet year of 2016-2017 (93.06 cm, 176.84% of 21-year avg.) (based on the Oct 1-Sep 30th water year, CIMIS Weather Station, 19...

This data set contains hourly resolution surface meteorological data in National Center for Atmospheric Research/Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR/EOL) Quality Control (QC) format from stations within the following networks, and from the following participating research organizations, for the Terrain-induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX): Arizona State University (ASU) Environmental Fluid Dynamics Group Sonics Flux Tower, California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS), China Lake Handar, Desert Research Institute (DRI), Great Basin Unified Air Pollution Control Division (GBUAPCD), Unidata Local Data Manager (LDM) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (LDMSFCMETR), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) Integrated Surface Flux Facility (ISFF), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) Integrated Sounding System (ISS), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) Mobile Integrated Sounding System (MISS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS), PestCast Weather Station Data, Tribal Environmental Exchange Network (TREX), University of Houston Flux Tower, University of Leeds Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), and the University of Utah HOBO stations. Data for the Terrain-induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) domain (34N to 40N latitude and 115W to 126W longitude) and time period (01 March 2006 through 30 April 2006) are contained within this data set. This T-REX Hourly Surface Meteorological Composite data set contains data from 933 stations.

Generating estimates of daily reference photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). We show the procedure to generate estimates of daily reference PAR using solar radiation data. The input for the R script (CalculateDailyPAR.R) is a raw time series of hourly solar radiation (stored in variable ‘ws’) that for our case was obtained from the CIMIS website (station id: 105) [California Department of Water Resources, 2015]. The script processes the data set to format the date and time columns, and to identify missing data points reporting their position within the time series (variable ‘na.id’). The user fills the gaps using adequate strategies and creates a new input file (stored in variable ‘fill.points’) containing the values to fill in within the time series. A reference PAR estimate is obtained as a constant fraction of solar radiation using the conversion factor proposed by [Meek et al., 1984]. The script then calculates an average daily value of solar radiation and integrates the reference PAR over the daytime period to obtain a daily value. The script ends by generating a final table (‘ws.results’) reporting daily values of solar radiation (maximum and mean in W m-2), and maximum, mean, and minimum reference PAR values in units of (μmol m-2 d-1) and (mol m-2 d-1). DOI:10.6084/m9.figshare.3412765

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