The constitutive relations and failure criterion were developed for circular concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) with high precision and wide applicability based on the fiber model method to overcome the limitations of existing constitutive relations and failure criteria for circular CFST flexural members. Then, on the basis of the test database including the parameters of circular CFST such as "length", "Diameter", "Thickness", "Yield strength", and "Compressive strength", the bearing capacity was calculated by the fiber model method. Finally, the accuracy and validity of the proposed constitutive relations and failure criterion were verified by comparing the calculated values with the "Test values" of the test database. The test database consists of three tables. Table 1 is the axial compression test database, containing a total of 516 data sets. Table 2 is the pure bending test database, comprising 121 data sets. Lastly, Table 3 is the flexural compression test database, encompassing 3...

R code for the simulation-based Rao test. (R 5 kb)

Centrifuge testing of shaft excavation in sand: • ASCII data files containing raw data for centrifuge test CSD01 to CSD08 • Location of displacement transducers and strain gauges: o DisplacementTransducerLayout_Sand.pdf o StrainGaugesLayout_Sand.pdf • Instrument calibration factors: o CalibrationFactors_Sand.pdf Centrifuge testing of shaft excavation in clay: • ASCII data files containing raw data for centrifuge test CCY01 and CCY04 • Location of displacement transducers and strain gauges: o DisplacementTransducerLayout_Clay.pdf o StrainGaugesLayout_Clay.pdf • Instrument calibration factors o CalibrationFactors_Clay.pdf • ExcavationProgress_ClayTests.xlsx

Circular Locus Tester Market Outlook

The global Circular Locus Tester market size was valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.8 billion by 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.2% during the forecast period. This robust growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for precision testing equipment in various high-tech industries, including automotive, aerospace, and industrial manufacturing.

One of the significant growth factors for the Circular Locus Tester market is the rapid advancement in industrial automation and precision engineering. Industries are continually striving for higher accuracy and efficiency in their manufacturing and testing processes. Circular locus testers, which are capable of providing highly accurate measurements of circular motion and rotation, have become indispensable tools in achieving these objectives. The push towards smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 has further fueled the adoption of advanced testing equipment, including circular locus testers.

Another driving factor is the burgeoning aerospace and automotive sectors, which require rigorous testing and quality control measures to meet stringent regulatory standards. The growing emphasis on safety, performance, and reliability in these industries necessitates the use of advanced testing equipment like circular locus testers. Additionally, the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as IoT and AI in these testers is enhancing their capabilities, making them more efficient and user-friendly, thus boosting their demand.

Furthermore, the rising investments in research and development activities across various sectors are propelling the growth of the circular locus tester market. Government initiatives and funding towards innovation in high-precision testing equipment, especially in developed regions, are providing a significant impetus to market growth. Additionally, the increasing trend of miniaturization in electronics and the need for precision testing in semiconductor manufacturing are contributing to the market's expansion.

In the realm of precision testing equipment, Benchtop LCR Meters are gaining prominence due to their ability to provide accurate measurements of inductance, capacitance, and resistance. These meters are essential in the testing and development of electronic components, ensuring that they meet the necessary specifications for performance and reliability. The growing complexity of electronic devices and the demand for miniaturized components have heightened the need for precise measurement tools like Benchtop LCR Meters. As industries continue to innovate, the role of these meters becomes increasingly critical in maintaining quality and efficiency across various applications.

Regionally, North America and Europe are expected to hold significant market shares due to the presence of established manufacturing sectors and advanced technological infrastructure. However, the Asia Pacific region is projected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. The rapid industrialization, coupled with increasing investments in manufacturing and quality control processes in countries like China, India, and Japan, is driving the demand for circular locus testers in this region.

Product Type Analysis

In the circular locus tester market, the product type segment is bifurcated into analog circular locus testers and digital circular locus testers. Analog circular locus testers have been traditionally used for a long time, owing to their simplicity and reliability. They are favored for applications where basic measurements suffice, and cost-effectiveness is a priority. Despite the rise of digital technologies, analog testers remain relevant due to their robustness and ease of use in certain low-tech environments.

Digital circular locus testers, on the other hand, are gaining significant traction due to their enhanced precision, versatility, and integration capabilities. These testers come equipped with digital displays, advanced sensors, and connectivity options that facilitate data logging, real-time monitoring, and remote operation. As industries increasingly adopt smart manufacturing practices, the demand for digital circular locus testers is expected to surge. Their ability to provide detailed analytics and integrate with other digital systems makes them highly attractive for modern manufacturing processes.

The current dataset contains Eulerian velocity and pressure fields, and Lagrangian particle trajectories of the wake downstream of a smooth cylinder at a Reynolds number equal to 3900. The open-access Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) code Incompact3d was used to calculate the Eulerian field around the cylinder. Trajectories of roughly 200,000 particles for two sub-domains are available. This dataset can be used as a test case for tracking algorithm assessment, exploring the physics of Lagrangian particles, statistic analyses, data assimilation and machine learning interests.

Additional file 1. R-code and example data to perform the statistical tests described in the manuscript.

In this paper we study the robustness of the likelihood ratio, circular mean and circular trimmed mean test functionals in the context of tests of hypotheses regarding the mean direction of circular normal and wrapped normal distributions. We compute the level and power breakdown properties of the three test functionals and compare them. We find that the circular trimmed mean test functional has the best robustness properties for both the above-mentioned distributions. The level and power properties of the test statistics corresponding to these functionals are also studied. Two examples with real data are given for illustration. We also consider the problem of testing the mean direction of the von-Mises–Fisher distribution on the unit sphere and explore the robustness properties of the spherical mean direction and likelihood ratio test functionals.

Data for Model test on the passive failure of slurry shield tunneling in circular-gravel stratum.

This is an anonymised data set from a game-based learning experiment performed in 2019. In the experiment, the effect of playing a business game called Re-Organise on learning about circular business model innovation was tested. The data set consists of four RDS-datafiles, containing the pre-test (prep) and post-test (iter) results of a game group and a control group of participants. In order to make the data more accessible, these RDS-files are exported to CSV-format using the R-script in the repository.The data is available in both RDS- and CSV-format. A README file is added in TXT-format. And an R-script is included to show how RDS-files were exported to CSV.

The current dataset contains Eulerian velocity and pressure fields, and Lagrangian particle trajectories of the wake downstream of a smooth cylinder at a Reynolds number equal to 3900. The open-access Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) code Incompact3d was used to calculate the Eulerian field around the cylinder. Trajectories of roughly 200,000 particles for two sub-domains are available. This dataset can be used as a test case for tracking algorithm assessment, exploring the physics of Lagrangian particles, statistic analyses, data assimilation and machine learning interests.

We release gravitational wave fluxes at null-infinity from a spinning test-body in circular equatorial orbits around a Schwarzschild black hole. Four different prescriptions are used for the dynamics: the Mathisson-Papapetrou formalism under the Tulczyjew (TUL) spin-supplementary-condition (SSC), the Pirani (PIR) SSC and the Ohashi-Kyrian-Semerak (OKS) SSC, and the spinning particle limit of the effective-one-body Hamiltonian (HAM) of [Phys.~Rev.~D.90,~044018(2014)]. For more details see xxxx .

The multipolar fluxes are given for l=2,3 m=1,2,3 at the Boyer-Lindquist radii

r = 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 15 20 30 ,

in cases they were not computed the data contains a "42". Note that the fluxes in these data files are assumed to contain both the +m and -m contributions, since they are identical for equatorial orbits and aligned spins. Additionally, the data files contain the key numbers describing the circular dynamics (see paper).

Units c=G=1.

The global circular locus tester market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for precise fabric testing in the textile and apparel industries. The market, valued at approximately $150 million in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors, including the rising adoption of advanced testing methodologies for quality control, stringent industry regulations regarding fabric performance, and the growing popularity of sustainable and innovative textile materials. The increasing focus on automation and digitalization within testing processes is also contributing to the market's expansion. Different applications like testing wool, chemical fibers, blended fabrics, knitted fabrics and woven fabrics are driving the demand for these testers across varied geographical regions. Segmentation analysis reveals a significant market share held by the 220-volt type testers, likely due to broader global compatibility. However, the 110-volt type segment also holds considerable potential, particularly within North America. The woven fabric testing application currently dominates the market, reflecting the prevalence of woven fabrics in the textile industry. However, the knitted fabric and blended fabric testing segments are projected to experience faster growth rates owing to the increasing popularity of these fabrics in various apparel applications. Leading companies such as SDL Atlas, TESTEX INSTRUMENT LTD, and Qinsun Instruments are actively contributing to market expansion through technological innovations and strategic partnerships. Geographic expansion in rapidly developing economies in Asia-Pacific, particularly China and India, is another key driver for the market's sustained growth.

Conference paper published in the "Industry Water 2018" conference at Frankfurt.

North America Circular Connectors Market is expected to grow during 2025-2031

The main objective of the research presented in this paper is to investigate the flexural behaviour of concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns of circular cross-section, made with rubberized concrete (RuC). A second objective is to identify behavioural differences between this type of composite members and typical CFST members made with standard concrete (StdC), namely in terms of the influence of the rubber aggregate replacement ratio on member strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. The paper describes the preparation and development of an experimental campaign, involving the testing of 16 circular specimens, 12 RuCFST and 4 StdCFST. The definition of the test campaign considered a number of parameters, namely cross-section slenderness, aggregate replacement ratio, axial load level and loading type. A special device was developed as part of an innovative testing setup, aimed at reducing both the cost and preparation time of the specimens. This paper also describes the comparison of the test results with design provisions from Eurocode 4. The test results show a marginal influence of the type of concrete infill on the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of the members and also allow concluding that Eurocode 4 is conservative in predicting the capacity of the tested specimens. Moreover, it is found that the cross-section slenderness does not have a significant influence on the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of the specimens, pointing out for the possible relaxation of the cross-section slenderness limits currently specified in Eurocodes 4 and 8.The main objective of the research presented in this paper is to investigate the flexural behaviour of concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns of circular cross-section, made with rubberized concrete (RuC). A second objective is to identify behavioural differences between this type of composite members and typical CFST members made with standard concrete (StdC), namely in terms of the influence of the rubber aggregate replacement ratio on member strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. The paper describes the preparation and development of an experimental campaign, involving the testing of 16 circular specimens, 12 RuCFST and 4 StdCFST. The definition of the test campaign considered a number of parameters, namely cross-section slenderness, aggregate replacement ratio, axial load level and loading type. A special device was developed as part of an innovative testing setup, aimed at reducing both the cost and preparation time of the specimens. This paper also describes the comparison of the test results with design provisions from Eurocode 4. The test results show a marginal influence of the type of concrete infill on the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of the members and also allow concluding that Eurocode 4 is conservative in predicting the capacity of the tested specimens. Moreover, it is found that the cross-section slenderness does not have a significant influence on the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of the specimens, pointing out for the possible relaxation of the cross-section slenderness limits currently specified in Eurocodes 4 and 8.

Statistical analyses and graphs were performed using Prism 8 software (GraphPad, La Jolla, USA). Age was analyzed using Student's t test (Supplementary Table 1A,B). Expression of circRNA_0003307 in PBMCs was analyzed using Welch's t-test (Supplementary Table 2A,B). CircRNA_0003307 expression in AS-FLS was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, then Games-Howell test (Supplementary Table 4A–C). The p-PI3K protein expression in AS-FLS was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, then Games-Howell test (Supplementary Table 5A–C). The p-AKT protein expression in AS-FLS was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, then Games-Howell test (Supplementary Table 6A–C). The TNF-α levels in AS-FLS was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, then Games-Howell test (Supplementary Table 7A–C). The TNFAIP2 levels in AS-FLS was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, then Games-Howell test (Supplementary Table 8A–C). Categorical variables were compared using chi-square test. Correlations were assessed using Spearman’s analysis because clinical characteristics were not normally distributed (Supplementary Table 3). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to judge whether circRNA_0003307 can be used as a diagnostic indicator for AS. P <0.05 indicates that the difference was statistically significant.

Descriptive clinical information of each patient, including diagnosis, year of diagnosis, MRI findings, and scores from the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia.

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