Based on a wide variety of categories, the top major global smart cities were ranked using an index score, where a top index score of ** was possible. Scores were based on various different categories including transport and mobility, sustainability, governance, innovation economy, digitalization, living standard, and expert perception. In more detail, the index also includes provision of smart parking and mobility, recycling rates, and blockchain ecosystem among other factors that can improve the standard of living. In 2019, Zurich, Switzerland was ranked first, achieving an overall index score of ****. Spending on smart city technology is projected to increase in the future.

Smart city applications Smart cities use data and digital technology to improve the quality of life, while changing the nature and economics of infrastructure. However, the definition of smart cities can vary widely and is based on the dynamic needs of a cities’ citizens. Mobility seems to be the most important smart city application for many cities, especially in European cities. For example, e-hailing services are available in most leading smart cities. The deployment of smart technologies that will incorporate mobility, utilities, health, security, and housing and community engagement will be important priorities in the future of smart cities.

In 2024, Canberra, the capital city of Australia, ranked ***** in the global Smart City Index while topping the list among the reported Asia-Pacific cities. Contrastingly, Manila, the capital city of the Philippines, ranked ***** in the Smart City Index globally.

Due to rapid urbanization over the past 20 years, many newly developed areas have lagged in socio-economic maturity, creating an imbalance with older cities and leading to the rise of "ghost cities". However, the complexity of socio-economic factors has hindered global studies from measuring this phenomenon. To address this gap, a unified framework based on urban vitality theory and multi-source data is proposed to measure the Ghost City Index (GCI), which has been validated using various data sources. The study encompasses 8,841 natural cities worldwide with areas exceeding 5 km², categorizing each into new urban areas (developed after 2005) and old urban areas (developed before 2005). Urban vitality was gauged using the density of road networks, points of interest (POIs), and population density with 1 km resolution across morphological, functional, and social dimensions. By comparing urban vitality in new and old urban areas, we quantify the GCI globally using the theory of urban vitality for the first time. The results reveal that the vitality of new urban areas is 7.69% that of old ones. The top 5% (442) of cities were designated as ghost cities, a finding mirrored by news media and other research. This study sheds light on strategies for sustainable global urbanization, crucial for the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.The code file gives the calculation process of data respectively, and the excel file gives the obtained data. For the explanation of the fields in “citypoint.shp”, please refer to the Supplementary Information of the paper (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2025.103350).Ref: Zhang, Y., Tu, T., & Long, Y. (2025). Inferring ghost cities on the globe in newly developed urban areas based on urban vitality with multi-source data. Habitat International, 158, 103350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2025.103350

In 2022, the leading global digital city on the index ranking shown here was Copenhagen with a score of ****. Seoul, Beijing, Amsterdam, and Singapore rounded out the top 5 for the best digital cities.

In 2023, London was the most attractive city worldwide according to the Global Power City Index (GCPI), with a score of 1646.7. New York City and Tokyo followed with 1506.4 and 1375.8 points respectively.

The Global Power City Index (GPCI) provides a ranking of global cities based on the following criteria: economy, research and development, cultural interaction, livability, environment, and accessibility. It is an assessment of city's power to attract people, businesses and capital from all over the world.

New York was ranked as the most resilient city worldwide ahead of Los Angeles, meaning that the two U.S. cities were perceived as being best prepared to face future challenges such as climate change and accidents. On the other hand, Lagos, Nigeria's largest cities, was ranked with the lowest score of the cities ranked.

In 2023, Paris was the most livable city worldwide according to the Global Power City Index (GCPI), with *** points. Furthermore, Madrid was the second most livable city with ***** points, while Tokyo was the third with ***** points.

The criteria taken into consideration include, among others, costs and ease of living, number of retail shops and restaurants, and availability of medical services.

Industrial Production Indices: General Index by Autonomous Community (Annual). Annual. Autonomous Communities and Cities.

Annual indexes of price differences between 15 cities in all provinces and territories, as of October of the previous year, for a selection of products (goods and services) from the Consumer Price Index (CPI) purchased by consumers in each of the 15 cities. The combined city average index is 100.

DescriptionVersion 10

The 15 Minute City Index is the output of a weighted sum analysis of all the walksheds from

 15 Minute City Points of Interest

gathered by City Planning. The final index value reflects how many points of interest are within walking distance and has no operational implications for City services.



The animation below demonstrates how the different walking distance areas are combined by weight to create a total index score. Higher scores indicate better access to services, amenities, and stores. Walkability is also shaped by factors such as design, safety, and street environment.

This work is preliminary and in development.

Data Glossary See the Attributes section below for details about each column in this dataset. The following Amenity Weighting chart should be used in conjunction with the attribute gridcode.

Amenity Weighting Amenity Type Weight

 Grocery Store5
 High Frequency RTA5
 Schools5
 Healthcare / Hospital3
 Public Library3
 Pharmacy3
 Park Access3
 Daycares3
 Cafes1
 Laundries1
 Bank1
 Fitness Centers1
 Hair Care1

Update Frequency Annually

Contacts Cleveland City Planning Commission, Strategic Initiatives cityplanning@clevelandohio.gov

In 2024, **** Saudi Arabian cities listed among the leading 100 smart cities globally. ****** listed 25th, making it the smartest city in the Kingdom. Meanwhile, Al-Khobar ranked 99th globally and ***** within the country in the same year.

CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Shandong: Qingdao data was reported at 97.300 Prev Year=100 in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 98.500 Prev Year=100 for 2022. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Shandong: Qingdao data is updated yearly, averaging 107.000 Prev Year=100 from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2023, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 138.100 Prev Year=100 in 2012 and a record low of 92.800 Prev Year=100 in 2011. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Shandong: Qingdao data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table CN.AE: Gross Domestic Product: Prefecture Level City: Index: TI: Real Estate.

Housing Price Index (HPI): Autonomous Communities index: general, new dwelling and second-hand dwelling. Annual. Autonomous Communities and Cities.

CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Tianjin data was reported at 96.700 Prev Year=100 in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 106.183 Prev Year=100 for 2021. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Tianjin data is updated yearly, averaging 107.050 Prev Year=100 from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2022, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 121.800 Prev Year=100 in 2001 and a record low of 88.800 Prev Year=100 in 2017. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Tianjin data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table CN.AE: Gross Domestic Product: Prefecture Level City: Index: TI: Real Estate.

This statistic illustrates the index scores of the leading smart cities in the U.S. in 2019. At that time, Washington, D.C. was ranked second, achieving an overall index score of ****. Scores were based on various different categories including transport and mobility, sustainability, governance, innovation economy, digitalization, living standard, cyber security and expert perception.

Graph and download economic data for S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller 10-City Composite Home Price Index (SPCS10RSA) from Jan 1987 to Apr 2025 about HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Jiangsu: Yangzhou data was reported at 103.200 Prev Year=100 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.800 Prev Year=100 for 2018. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Jiangsu: Yangzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 104.450 Prev Year=100 from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2021, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 124.900 Prev Year=100 in 2013 and a record low of 99.000 Prev Year=100 in 2014. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Jiangsu: Yangzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Yangzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table CN.AE: Gross Domestic Product: Prefecture Level City: Index: TI: Real Estate.

In 2025, Seoul was ranked **** among smart cities worldwide according to multiple indicators covering existing infrastructure, technological services, and categories under the Human Development Index (HDI). This was **** places higher than in the previous year. The capital city of South Korea has risen in global smart city rankings almost every survey year since 2019.

CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Zhejiang: Jinhua data was reported at 108.000 Prev Year=100 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 105.200 Prev Year=100 for 2020. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Zhejiang: Jinhua data is updated yearly, averaging 107.700 Prev Year=100 from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2021, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 134.200 Prev Year=100 in 2003 and a record low of 95.500 Prev Year=100 in 2011. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Zhejiang: Jinhua data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Jinhua Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table CN.AE: Gross Domestic Product: Prefecture Level City: Index: TI: Real Estate.

CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Shanghai data was reported at 99.700 Prev Year=100 in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 100.900 Prev Year=100 for 2022. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 104.500 Prev Year=100 from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2023, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 127.000 Prev Year=100 in 2009 and a record low of 70.700 Prev Year=100 in 2010. CN: GDP Index: PY=100: TI: Real Estate: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table CN.AE: Gross Domestic Product: Prefecture Level City: Index: TI: Real Estate.