The map title is Toronto-Central. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 250 metres North arrow pointing to the north. Toronto is located on the north shore of Lake Ontario. A portion of Toronto Harbour is shown at the lower right and symbolized with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Railway lines represented by a line with cross hashes are shown leading to Union Station. The points of interest in downtown Toronto are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

The map title is Toronto-Central. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 250 metres North arrow pointing to the north. Toronto is located on the north shore of Lake Ontario. A portion of Toronto Harbour is shown at the lower right and symbolized with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Railway lines represented by a line with cross hashes are shown leading to Union Station. The points of interest in downtown Toronto are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

The map title is Toronto-Kensington. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. The points of interest in the downtown area of Toronto around Kensington Market are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

Toronto’s Don River Valley is arguably the city’s most distinctive physical feature. As a provider of water, power, sustenance, building materials, and transportation, it has played an important role in the city’s settlement and development. The river valley has changed dramatically in the years since European settlement, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, when the Lower Don River was straightened and channelized and the huge marsh at its mouth drained and filled. Today, the Lower Valley forms the foundation for one of the most densely populated areas in Canada, outlining as it does the eastern portion of Toronto’s downtown core and radiating residential areas. This project documents historical changes in the landscape of the Don River Valley. Drawing from the wide range of geographical information available for the Don River watershed (and the Lower Don in particular), including historical maps, geological maps, fire insurance plans, planning documents, and city directories, the project uses Geographic Information Systems software to place, compile, synthesize and interpret this information and make it more accessible as geospatial data and maps. The project is a work in progress. To date, we have scanned several dozen historical maps of Toronto and the Don River watershed, and compiled the following geospatial datasets: 1) changes to the river channel and shoreline of Toronto harbour, 1858-1918; 2) industrial development in the Lower Don River Watershed, 1857-1951 (as points, and in some cases polygons); 3) historical mill sites in the Don River Watershed, 1825; 18524) land ownership in the watershed, 1860 and 1878; and 4) points of interest in the watershed. In the future, we hope to expand the project to include data from other Toronto area watersheds and other parts of the city. The project was conducted through a collaboration between Jennifer Bonnell, a doctoral student in the History of Education program at the University of Toronto's Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE/UT) - now at York University in the History Department and Marcel Fortin, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Map Librarian at the University of Toronto's Map and Data Library. Financial and in-kind support was provided by the Network in Canadian History and Environment (NiCHE) and the University of Toronto Libraries. Valuable research support for the Points of Interest pages came from Lost Rivers, a community-based urban ecology organization focused on building public awareness of the City's river systems. Jordan Hale, a University of Toronto Geography student conducted much of the digitization and database work.This project could not have been completed without their skilled assistance and dedication.

Please note that this dataset is not an official City of Toronto land use dataset. It was created for personal and academic use using City of Toronto Land Use Maps (2019) found on the City of Toronto Official Plan website at https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/planning-development/official-plan-guidelines/official-plan/official-plan-maps-copy, along with the City of Toronto parcel fabric (Property Boundaries) found at https://open.toronto.ca/dataset/property-boundaries/ and Statistics Canada Census Dissemination Blocks level boundary files (2016). The property boundaries used were dated November 11, 2021. Further detail about the City of Toronto's Official Plan, consolidation of the information presented in its online form, and considerations for its interpretation can be found at https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/planning-development/official-plan-guidelines/official-plan/ Data Creation Documentation and Procedures Software Used The spatial vector data were created using ArcGIS Pro 2.9.0 in December 2021. PDF File Conversions Using Adobe Acrobat Pro DC software, the following downloaded PDF map images were converted to TIF format. 9028-cp-official-plan-Map-14_LandUse_AODA.pdf 9042-cp-official-plan-Map-22_LandUse_AODA.pdf 9070-cp-official-plan-Map-20_LandUse_AODA.pdf 908a-cp-official-plan-Map-13_LandUse_AODA.pdf 978e-cp-official-plan-Map-17_LandUse_AODA.pdf 97cc-cp-official-plan-Map-15_LandUse_AODA.pdf 97d4-cp-official-plan-Map-23_LandUse_AODA.pdf 97f2-cp-official-plan-Map-19_LandUse_AODA.pdf 97fe-cp-official-plan-Map-18_LandUse_AODA.pdf 9811-cp-official-plan-Map-16_LandUse_AODA.pdf 982d-cp-official-plan-Map-21_LandUse_AODA.pdf Georeferencing and Reprojecting Data Files The original projection of the PDF maps is unknown but were most likely published using MTM Zone 10 EPSG 2019 as per many of the City of Toronto's many datasets. They could also have possibly been published in UTM Zone 17 EPSG 26917 The TIF images were georeferenced in ArcGIS Pro using this projection with very good results. The images were matched against the City of Toronto's Centreline dataset found here The resulting TIF files and their supporting spatial files include: TOLandUseMap13.tfwx TOLandUseMap13.tif TOLandUseMap13.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap13.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap14.tfwx TOLandUseMap14.tif TOLandUseMap14.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap14.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap15.tfwx TOLandUseMap15.tif TOLandUseMap15.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap15.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap16.tfwx TOLandUseMap16.tif TOLandUseMap16.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap16.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap17.tfwx TOLandUseMap17.tif TOLandUseMap17.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap17.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap18.tfwx TOLandUseMap18.tif TOLandUseMap18.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap18.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap19.tif TOLandUseMap19.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap19.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap20.tfwx TOLandUseMap20.tif TOLandUseMap20.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap20.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap21.tfwx TOLandUseMap21.tif TOLandUseMap21.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap21.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap22.tfwx TOLandUseMap22.tif TOLandUseMap22.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap22.tif.ovr TOLandUseMap23.tfwx TOLandUseMap23.tif TOLandUseMap23.tif.aux.xml TOLandUseMap23.tif.ov Ground control points were saved for all georeferenced images. The files are the following: map13.txt map14.txt map15.txt map16.txt map17.txt map18.txt map19.txt map21.txt map22.txt map23.txt The City of Toronto's Property Boundaries shapefile, "property_bnds_gcc_wgs84.zip" were unzipped and also reprojected to EPSG 26917 (UTM Zone 17) into a new shapefile, "Property_Boundaries_UTM.shp" Mosaicing Images Once georeferenced, all images were then mosaiced into one image file, "LandUseMosaic20211220v01", within the project-generated Geodatabase, "Landuse.gdb" and exported TIF, "LandUseMosaic20211220.tif" Reclassifying Images Because the original images were of low quality and the conversion to TIF made the image colours even more inconsistent, a method was required to reclassify the images so that different land use classes could be identified. Using Deep learning Objects, the images were re-classified into useful consistent colours. Deep Learning Objects and Training The resulting mosaic was then prepared for reclassification using the Label Objects for Deep Learning tool in ArcGIS Pro. A training sample, "LandUseTrainingSamples20211220", was created in the geodatabase for all land use types as follows: Neighbourhoods Insitutional Natural Areas Core Employment Areas Mixed Use Areas Apartment Neighbourhoods Parks Roads Utility Corridors Other Open Spaces General Employment Areas Regeneration Areas Lettering (not a land use type, but an image colour (black), used to label streets). By identifying the letters, it then made the reclassification and vectorization results easier to clean up of unnecessary clutter caused by the labels of streets. Reclassification Once the training samples were created and saved, the raster was then reclassified using the Image Classification Wizard tool in ArcGIS Pro, using the Support...

The map title is Toronto-Bay. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. The points of interest in the downtown area of Toronto around Bay Street are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

The map title is Toronto-U of T. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. The points of interest in the downtown area of Toronto around the University of Toronto and Queen's Park are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

The map title is Toronto. Tactile map scale. 1.6 centimetres = 5 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Toronto and surrounding area. Lake Ontario is shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Main roads, routes. 7, 10, 400, 401, 407, QEW. A broken line represents a boundary line outlining Toronto city limits. A circle with a dot in the middle indicates a bus station located in the south of the city. A circle with a cross in it indicates Union Station, a Via Rail station located in the south of the city. A circle with the shape of an airplane in it indicates Pearson International Airport located west of the city limits. A circle with the shape of an airplane in it indicates the Toronto Island Airport located on an island south of the city. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

Context

This is modified dataset combining MCI and Homicide

Sources

Unemployment rate: https://www.statista.com/statistics/578362/unemployment-rate-canada/

Police data: http://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/open-data

Population data and analysis: see percapita.ipynb Population of toronto: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Toronto

For 2017: https://www.google.com/publicdata

For 2018: https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/data-research-maps/toronto-at-a-glance/

Average Income: Canadian Mortgage and Housing Company, https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/corp/about/cahoob/data/upload/Table-17_EN_Before-Tax_w.xlsx

Neighborhoods map data https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/data-research-maps/open-data/

FID - System field Feature Id Shape - Feature Type (polygon) Area_id - Parking permit area identifier Permit parking areas within the City of Toronto are presented in map format. This file is best viewed when overlaid with the City of Toronto Centreline file.

Shoreline, rivers (including lost rivers) and creeks in the City of Toronto digitized from georeferenced 19th century maps from the collections of the Map & Data Library, Toronto Public Library, the City of Toronto Archives, and from the book Hayes, Derek. Historical Atlas of Toronto. Cartographic material. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2008. For each source map there is: a .zip file containing a line shapefile for creeks, a polygon shapefile for rivers and the shoreline, and a world file for the georectified source map; as well as a KMZ file showing the same informaton; Projected Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 17N Data were created with the help of Jordan Hale, who coordinated the georeferencing and vectorization by Map and Data Library student assistants.

Field Name - Description/Definition AREA_ID - Internal geographic identifier AREA_NAME - Name of the former municipality OBJECTID - Internal unique object ID This data is a GIS file that outlines visually the geographical administrative boundary of the City of Toronto. This data set is used for creating maps and map applications, as well as for operational use within the City of Toronto. There are two mapping formats available: MTM3 Degree NAD 27 and WGS84 latitude and longitude.

The following published OGC compliant WMTS services facilitate access to live geospatial data from the City of Toronto. All WMTS services are in Web Mercator projection. Orthorectified Aerial Imagery The following dataset provides access to the most current geometrically corrected (orthorectified) aerial photography for the City of Toronto. Previous year Orthoimagery is available through the links provided below. Historic Aerial Imagery These datasets are all sourced from scans of the original black and white aerial photography. These images have not gone through the same rigorous process that current aerial imagery goes through to create a seamless orthorectified image, corrected for the changes in elevation across the City. Due to this, the spatial accuracy of these datasets varies across the City. Be aware that there are known issues with some regions of data due to issues with the source data. These datasets intended use is to show land use changes over time and other similar tasks. It is not suitable for sub-metre level accuracy feature collection and is provided “as-is”. Aerial LiDAR - Hillshade A hillshade is a hypothetical illumination of a surface by determining illumination values for each cell in a raster. It is calculated by setting a position for a hypothetical light source and calculating the illumination values of each cell in relation to neighboring cells. It can be used to greatly enhance the visualization of a surface for analysis or graphical display, especially when using transparency. The City of Toronto publishes hillshades in both bare earth (no above-ground features included), and full-feature. Bare Earth Full Feature

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is plate that has two maps. The first map is of the city of Montreal and the second map is of the city of Toronto. At this time the cities had a population over 25, 000. The map indicates the location of city wards, electric railways, and churches shown with the symbol of a cross.

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a maps that shows the city of Toronto. The map indicates the location of city wards, street names electric railways, and select buildings.

Extreme heat is the most common climate-related hazard globally, with rising temperatures and more frequent heat waves affecting cities, ecosystems, and food production. Urban heat islands (UHIs), where city temperatures are higher than surrounding rural areas, are becoming more prevalent due to climate change. This occurs because urban structures like buildings and roads trap more heat than natural landscapes. To address this, creating a heat risk index (HRI) is essential for developing localized adaptation plans and prioritizing areas most at risk. This web map showing health risk index (HRI), temperature variations, population density, tree canopy cover across Toronto city. The inputs for this HRI was derived from multiple data sources from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World.

also available here: u:\geodata\canada\on\toronto\torontocity\Building_Construction_Date

This series was created to provide hard copy maps for the Ontario Base Mapping OBM program covering the Metro Toronto Region. Each map covers an area of 25 sq. km and shows topographic features with 5 metre contours. Buildings less than 100 sq. m. are symbolized, others are shown in outline, roads are pavement edges. 1 km. grid lines are of the Ontario Modified Transverse Mercator Projection. Original city dataset can be found here: http://prod.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/metro/index.html

Available on CD Rom at the Map and Data Library. CD #021.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows a map with four condensed maps of the cities Toronto and Ottawa. The first two maps show the extent and classification of land use circa 1955 for both Toronto and Ottawa. For Toronto, stages of urban growth are shown for periods ranging from 1793 to 1955 and for Ottawa, the periods range from 1826 to 1955. The urban growth maps represent the expansion of areas occupied by structures, yet the small open areas classified as parks and playgrounds on the land-use maps are also included. These two remaining maps show the extent and classification of land use for both of these cities. The classifications for land-use maps were separated into: Industrial buildings; Industrial yards; Commercial buildings; Commercial yards; Railways and their installations; Institutional buildings; Residential buildings; Cemeteries; Dominantly farm land; Vacant land. In areas classified as dominantly farm land, vacant land includes forested areas, swamps, bogs and all large areas not put to specific agricultural use.

The data layer shows the sign district designations of all properties in the City of Toronto - the sign bylaw regulations/permissions/restrictions that are applicable to each property in the city are based on its sign district designation. The data is used in conjunction with a City of Toronto map so that individual properties can be searched by address or through a zoom tool. The city provides this data to the public through an online mapping and search tool at: https://map.toronto.ca/maps/map.jsp?app=SignView_2