Tool and data set of road networks for 80 of the most populated urban areas in the world. The data consist of a graph edge list for each city and two corresponding GIS shapefiles (i.e., links and nodes).Make your own data with our ArcGIS, QGIS, and python tools available at: http://csun.uic.edu/codes/GISF2E.htmlPlease cite: Karduni,A., Kermanshah, A., and Derrible, S., 2016, "A protocol to convert spatial polyline data to network formats and applications to world urban road networks", Scientific Data, 3:160046, Available at http://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201646

Question Paper Solutions of chapter GIS of GIS & Remote Sensing, 8th Semester , Civil Engineering

It includes data that were used in the manuscript. It also include layers that were created in online ArcGIS pro in manuscript .

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Civil Engineering Market Size 2024-2028

The civil engineering market size is forecast to increase by USD 2.57 billion at a CAGR of 3.9% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the surge in construction activities in developing countries. This trend is expected to continue as infrastructure development remains a priority for many governments. Another key factor fueling market growth is the adoption of intelligent processing in civil engineering projects. This includes the use of technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to improve project efficiency and accuracy. 
However, the market is also facing challenges, including the decline in construction activities in some regions due to economic downturns and natural disasters. Despite these challenges, the future of the market looks promising, with continued investment in infrastructure development and the ongoing integration of advanced technologies.

What will be the Size of the Civil Engineering Market During the Forecast Period?

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The civil engineering services market encompasses a broad range of construction activities, including social infrastructure, residential, offices, educational institutes, luxury hotels, restaurants, transport buildings, online retail warehousing, and various types of infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, railroads, airports, and ports. This market is driven by various factors, including population growth, urbanization, and the increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient structures. 
Digitalization plays a significant role In the civil engineering sector, with the adoption of digital civil engineering, smart grids, urban transportation systems, industrial automation, parking systems, and IT services. Additionally, there is a growing trend towards the development of zero-energy buildings, insulated buildings, double skin facades, PV panels, and e-permit systems.
Inspection technology and integrated 3D modeling are also becoming increasingly important In the civil engineering industry, enabling more accurate and efficient design and construction processes. The market is expected to continue growing, driven by the increasing demand for infrastructure development and the ongoing digital transformation of the industry.

How is this Civil Engineering Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The civil engineering industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Application

  Real estate
  Infrastructure
  Industrial


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India


  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

By Application Insights

The real estate segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The real estate market encompasses the development, acquisition, and sale of property, land, and buildings. Global urbanization and infrastructure investment growth have significantly impacted this sector. In particular, the Asia Pacific region has seen rapid expansion in various sectors, such as commercial construction, with India leading the charge. Notably, international real estate development is projected to present opportunities for countries like India, as demonstrated by the October 2021 MoU between the Jammu and Kashmir administration and the Dubai government, focusing on industrial parks, IT towers, and super-specialty hospitals. Civil engineering services play a crucial role in real estate development, with a focus on social infrastructure, residential, construction activities, offices, educational institutes, hotels, restaurants, transport buildings, online retail warehousing, immigration, housing, and construction.

Innovations in green building products, energy efficiency, sustainable construction materials, such as cross-laminated timber, and digital technology are transforming the industry. Key areas of growth include infrastructure, oil and gas, energy and power, aviation, public spending, non-residential construction, healthcare centers, infrastructure projects, and digital civil engineering. Civil engineering firms provide essential services, including rail structures, tunnels, bridges, maintenance services, renovation activities, and energy-efficient products. The real estate segment also includes industrial real estate and housing development, with a shift towards flexible infrastructure, roads, railroads, airports, ports, single-family houses, and home remodeling. The industry is embracing advanced simulation tools, drone technology, and carbon emissions reduction initiatives, such as net-zero energy buildings, pre-fabrica

Question Paper Solutions of GIS & Remote Sensing (CE(PE)801A),8th Semester,Civil Engineering,Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology

Field Data Collection Apps for Civil Engineering Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Field Data Collection Apps for Civil Engineering market size reached USD 1.45 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow at a robust CAGR of 13.8% during the forecast period, reaching a projected value of USD 4.11 billion by 2033. This dynamic growth is primarily driven by increasing digitalization in the civil engineering sector, the need for real-time data acquisition, and the growing emphasis on project efficiency and compliance. As per our analysis, the market is experiencing accelerated adoption due to the rising demand for accurate field data, streamlined workflows, and integration with advanced analytics platforms.

One of the primary growth factors for the Field Data Collection Apps for Civil Engineering market is the rapid digital transformation across the construction and engineering industries. The adoption of mobile technologies and smart devices on job sites has enabled civil engineers to collect, analyze, and transmit data in real time, significantly reducing manual errors and paperwork. The increasing complexity of civil infrastructure projects, combined with the need for precise data to ensure safety and regulatory compliance, has further fueled the demand for field data collection apps. These solutions empower project teams to collaborate seamlessly, enhance productivity, and maintain up-to-date records, which are essential for timely project delivery and cost control.

Another significant driver is the integration of field data collection apps with other digital platforms such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and cloud-based project management tools. This interoperability allows for the seamless flow of information between field teams and office-based stakeholders, enhancing decision-making and reducing project delays. The ability to capture geospatial data, photographic evidence, and inspection results directly from the field and sync them with centralized databases has become a critical requirement for modern civil engineering projects. Moreover, the increasing emphasis on sustainability and resource optimization is pushing organizations to leverage digital tools that provide actionable insights from field data, further propelling market growth.

The proliferation of government regulations and industry standards mandating accurate documentation and traceability in civil engineering projects is also contributing to the expansion of the Field Data Collection Apps for Civil Engineering market. Regulatory bodies are increasingly requiring project documentation to be digital, auditable, and easily accessible, which has led to widespread adoption of advanced field data collection solutions. Additionally, the rising focus on infrastructure modernization in emerging economies, coupled with substantial investments in smart city initiatives, is creating new growth opportunities. The demand for scalable, customizable, and secure data collection platforms is expected to remain strong as the civil engineering sector continues to embrace digital transformation.

Regionally, North America holds the largest market share in 2024, driven by the presence of leading construction technology providers, high adoption rates of digital tools, and stringent regulatory frameworks. Europe follows closely, with significant investments in infrastructure renewal and sustainability initiatives. The Asia Pacific region is experiencing the fastest growth, fueled by rapid urbanization, government-led infrastructure projects, and increasing awareness of the benefits of digital field data collection. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth, supported by modernization efforts and the gradual adoption of digital construction practices.

Component Analysis

The Field Data Collection Apps for Civil Engineering market is segmented by component into software and services, each playing a pivotal role in shaping the market landscape. The software segment dominates the market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the increasing demand for intuitive, feature-rich applications that enable real-time data capture, analysis, and reporting. Modern field data collection software offers functionalities such as offline data entry, GPS integration, photo capture, and automated synchronization with central databases. The continuous evolution

This study presents an ArcGIS geoprocessing protocol for quickly processing large amounts of data from publicly available government sources to consider both water quality standards (WQS) and nonpoint pollution source (NPS) control, on a watershed-by-watershed basis to administratively predict locations where nonpoint source pollutants may contribute to the impairment of downstream waters and locations where nonpoint source pollutants are not expected to contribute to the impairment of downstream waters. This dissertation also presents an ArcGIS geoprocessing protocol to calculate the hydrological response time of a watershed and to predict the potential for soil erosion and nonpoint source pollutant movement on a landscape scale. The standardized methodologies employed by the protocol allow for its use in various geographic regions. The methodology has been performed on sites in Linn County and Boone County, Missouri, and produces results consistent with those expected from other widely accepted methods. These protocols were developed studying the movement of atrazine. but may be used for various nonpoint source pollutants that are water soluble, have an affinity to soil binding, and associated with a particular land use. All data and code are available in Mendeley Data (doi: 10.17632/wdjzftxyfd.1).

Civil Engineering Market Outlook

The global civil engineering market size was valued at approximately $9.7 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach nearly $14.6 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5% during the forecast period. This substantial growth is driven by increasing urbanization, infrastructure development, and investments in residential and commercial projects worldwide. The burgeoning demand for sustainable construction practices and innovative engineering solutions is further bolstering market expansion.

One of the primary growth factors of the civil engineering market is the rapid pace of urbanization. As more people move into urban areas, the demand for new housing, transportation systems, utilities, and social infrastructure escalates. Governments and private sectors are heavily investing in smart city initiatives, which require extensive civil engineering expertise to ensure that infrastructure is both efficient and sustainable. Furthermore, the expansion of megacities in emerging economies is creating a significant need for advanced civil engineering services, ranging from planning and design to construction and maintenance.

Another significant growth driver is the increasing focus on sustainable and resilient infrastructure. The threat of climate change has led to an emphasis on building structures that can withstand extreme weather conditions and natural disasters. This involves incorporating green building materials, energy-efficient designs, and disaster-resistant technologies into construction projects. Governments and regulatory bodies are also implementing stringent building codes and standards, which necessitate the involvement of skilled civil engineers to ensure compliance. As a result, the demand for specialized civil engineering services is on the rise.

Technological advancements are also playing a crucial role in the growth of the civil engineering market. The adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and other advanced software tools has revolutionized the way civil engineering projects are planned and executed. These technologies improve precision, reduce errors, and enhance collaboration among stakeholders. Additionally, innovations in materials science, such as the development of high-performance concrete and smart materials, are contributing to the creation of more durable and efficient infrastructures. These technological strides are attracting significant investment and interest in the civil engineering sector.

Regionally, the Asia-Pacific area is expected to dominate the civil engineering market due to rapid economic growth and substantial infrastructure development in countries like China and India. North America and Europe are also significant markets, driven by the need to upgrade aging infrastructure and implement smart city projects. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America regions present considerable growth opportunities due to ongoing urbanization and investment in infrastructure projects. Each region has its unique drivers and challenges, but the overall outlook for the civil engineering market remains robust.

Service Type Analysis

Planning & Design

The planning and design segment is a critical component of the civil engineering market. This segment involves the initial stages of any construction project, where feasibility studies, site surveys, and detailed project plans are developed. The rising complexity of modern infrastructure projects necessitates meticulous planning and innovative design solutions. Advanced software tools such as AutoCAD, Revit, and BIM are extensively utilized in this segment to create accurate and efficient designs. The integration of these tools helps streamline the planning process, reduce errors, and ensure that the final design meets all regulatory and safety standards.

Sustainable design practices are gaining prominence within the planning and design segment. With increasing awareness of environmental issues, there is a growing emphasis on creating eco-friendly and energy-efficient building designs. This involves the use of green building materials, renewable energy sources, and waste reduction strategies. Civil engineers are now focusing on designing structures that minimize environmental impact while maximizing functionality and aesthetics. This shift towards sustainability is driving innovation and growth in the planning and design segment.

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Global Civil Engineering Software Market is segmented by Application (Construction_ infrastructure projects_ urban planning_ transportation_ energy), Type (CAD software_ BIM tools_ simulation software_ project management tools_ GIS software), and Geography (North America_ LATAM_ West Europe_Central & Eastern Europe_ Northern Europe_ Southern Europe_ East Asia_ Southeast Asia_ South Asia_ Central Asia_ Oceania_ MEA)

Question Paper Solutions of chapter Database and Coordinate System of GIS & Remote Sensing, 8th Semester , Civil Engineering

The GIS-based Time model of Gothenburg aims to map the process of urban development in Gothenburg since 1960 and in particular to document the changes in the spatial form of the city - streets, buildings and plots - through time. Major steps have in recent decades been taken when it comes to understanding how cities work. Essential is the change from understanding cities as locations to understanding them as flows (Batty 2013)1. In principle this means that we need to understand locations (or places) as defined by flows (or different forms of traffic), rather than locations only served by flows. This implies that we need to understand the built form and spatial structure of cities as a system, that by shaping flows creates a series of places with very specific relations to all other places in the city, which also give them very specific performative potentials. It also implies the rather fascinating notion that what happens in one place is dependent on its relation to all other places (Hillier 1996)2. Hence, to understand the individual place, we need a model of the city as a whole. Extensive research in this direction has taken place in recent years, that has also spilled over to urban design practice, not least in Sweden, where the idea that to understand the part you need to understand the whole is starting to be established. With the GIS-based Time model for Gothenburg that we present here, we address the next challenge. Place is not only something defined by its spatial relation to all other places in its system, but also by its history, or its evolution over time. Since the built form of the city changes over time, often by cities growing but at times also by cities shrinking, the spatial relation between places changes over time. If cities tend to grow, and most often by extending their periphery, it means that most places get a more central location over time. If this is a general tendency, it does not mean that all places increase their centrality to an equal degree. Depending on the structure of the individual city’s spatial form, different places become more centrally located to different degrees as well as their relative distance to other places changes to different degrees. The even more fascinating notion then becomes apparent; places move over time! To capture, study and understand this, we need a "time model". The GIS-based time model of Gothenburg consists of: • 12 GIS-layers of the street network, from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals • 12 GIS-layers of the buildings from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals • 12 GIS- layers of the plots from1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals In the GIS-based Time model, for every time-frame, the combination of the three fundamental components of spatial form, that is streets, plots and buildings, provides a consistent description of the built environment at that particular time. The evolution of three components can be studied individually, where one could for example analyze the changing patterns of street centrality over time by focusing on the street network; or, the densification processes by focusing on the buildings; or, the expansion of the city by way of occupying more buildable land, by focusing on plots. The combined snapshots of street centrality, density and land division can provide insightful observations about the spatial form of the city at each time-frame; for example, the patterns of spatial segregation, the distribution of urban density or the patterns of sprawl. The observation of how the interrelated layers of spatial form together evolved and transformed through time can provide a more complete image of the patterns of urban growth in the city. The Time model was created following the principles of the model of spatial form of the city, as developed by the Spatial Morphology Group (SMoG) at Chalmers University of Technology, within the three-year research project ‘International Spatial Morphology Lab (SMoL)’. The project is funded by Älvstranden Utveckling AB in the framework of a larger cooperation project called Fusion Point Gothenburg. The data is shared via SND to create a research infrastructure that is open to new study initiatives. 1. Batty, M. (2013), The New Science of Cities, Cambridge: MIT Press. 2. Hillier, B., (1996), Space Is the Machine. Cambridge: University of Cambridge

Civil Engineering Services Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global civil engineering services market size stood at USD 9.23 trillion in 2024, reflecting robust demand across infrastructure, urban development, and industrial projects worldwide. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated value of USD 15.37 trillion by 2033. This growth is primarily attributed to ongoing urbanization, government investments in infrastructure modernization, and rapid technological advancements in construction practices. As per our comprehensive analysis, the increasing complexity of infrastructure projects and the integration of sustainable design principles are further catalyzing the expansion of the civil engineering services market globally.

The surge in global infrastructure development remains a primary growth driver for the civil engineering services market. Governments across both developed and emerging economies are allocating significant budgets to upgrade transportation networks, energy grids, and water management systems. These investments are not only aimed at fostering economic growth but also at enhancing public safety and resilience against climate change. The proliferation of smart city projects, which require sophisticated planning, design, and project management, is also fueling demand for specialized civil engineering services. Additionally, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are becoming increasingly prevalent, facilitating large-scale projects that require the expertise of civil engineering firms for effective execution from conception to completion.

Another significant factor propelling the growth of the civil engineering services market is the adoption of advanced technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and digital twins. These technologies are revolutionizing the way projects are designed, managed, and maintained, leading to greater efficiency, cost savings, and reduced environmental impact. The emphasis on sustainable construction practices, including the use of eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient designs, is driving the demand for consulting and design services that can deliver on these requirements. As governments and private sector players strive to meet stringent environmental regulations and achieve sustainability targets, the role of civil engineering services becomes even more critical in ensuring compliance and innovation.

The rising need for maintenance and rehabilitation of aging infrastructure, particularly in developed regions, is another crucial growth factor for the civil engineering services market. Many countries are grappling with deteriorating bridges, roads, water systems, and public buildings that require immediate attention to ensure safety and functionality. This has led to a surge in demand for maintenance and operations services, as well as for consulting expertise to assess, prioritize, and execute rehabilitation projects efficiently. Furthermore, the growing awareness of disaster risk reduction and resilience planning has prompted both governments and private organizations to invest in robust civil engineering solutions that can withstand natural calamities and climate-related disruptions.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific market is experiencing the fastest growth, driven by rapid urbanization, industrialization, and large-scale infrastructure initiatives in countries such as China, India, and Southeast Asian nations. North America and Europe, while characterized by mature infrastructure, are witnessing increased investments in modernization and sustainability upgrades. The Middle East & Africa region is also emerging as a key market, propelled by ambitious urban development and energy projects. Latin America, though smaller in market share, is showing steady growth due to improving economic conditions and government focus on infrastructure development. Collectively, these regional dynamics are shaping a highly competitive and innovation-driven global civil engineering services market.

The data were used to introduce the judgment matrixes, which can be used to calculate the weight coefficients of AHP, interval FAHP and ANP methods for the multi-hazard risk assessment using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM).

Question Paper Solutions of chapter Spatial Data Analysis of GIS & Remote Sensing, 8th Semester , Civil Engineering

We analysed the spatial variability of tidal sand wave migration for all sand wave fields on the Netherlands Continental Shelf. The migration data obtained within this research is available via this repository. For further instructions see the README files contained within the compressed .zip folder.

A supplementary dataset related to the paper discussing preparation of a digital elevation model derived from DMR 5G (LiDAR-based DEM of the Czech Republic) cleaned of modern artificial features. It includes data used as a clipping mask and data produced during the testing phase.

Contents:

..\clipping_buffers.gdb\ - Clipping buffers based on ZABAGED dataset used for masking the original data stored as ESRI geodatabase.

..\drainages\ - Drainages with Strahler order higher than four (potential watercourses) for the original and filtered DEMs.

drainages_filtered - Drainges identified in the filtered DEM stored as GeoTIFF.

drainages_original - Drainges identified in the original DEM stored as GeoTIFF.

..\LSC\ - Locations with significant land surface curvature for the original and filtered DEMs.

LSC_filtered - Significant LSC identified in the filtered DEM stored as GeoTIFF.

LSC_original - Significant LSC identified in the original DEM stored as GeoTIFF.

..\visibility\ - Viewsheds computed over the original and filtered DEMs.

Libice\ - Sample viewsheds computed for the early medieval hillfort of Libice.

Libice_visibility_filtered - Viewshed based on the filtered DEM stored as GeoTIFF.

Libice_visibility_original - Viewshed based on the original DEM stored as GeoTIFF.

observer_points - Observer points used for calculating the viewsheds.

regular_grid\ - Cumulative viewsheds calculated for regularly spaced points in a 10 x 10 km grid with a visibility radius of 5 km and an observer height of 2 m; a total of 574 viewsheds.

visibility_filtered - Cumulative viewshed for the filtered DEM stored as GeoTIFF.

visibility_original - Cumulative viewshed for the original DEM stored as GeoTIFF.

visibility_test_buffers - Buffers used for the viewshed calculations stored as ESRI shapefile.

visibility_test_observers - Observer points used for the viewshed calculations stored as ESRI shapefile.

Preprint version of the related paper:

Novák, David and Pružinec, Filip, Potential and Implications of Automated Pre-Processing of Lidar-Based Digital Elevation Models for Large-Scale Archaeological Landscape Analysis. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4063514

Question Paper Solutions of chapter Advanced Digital Image Processing of GIS & Remote Sensing, 8th Semester , Civil Engineering

The global market for Detention Pond Analysis and Design Software is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing urbanization, stricter environmental regulations, and the need for efficient stormwater management solutions. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $250 million, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising frequency and intensity of extreme weather events necessitate sophisticated software solutions for accurate detention pond design and analysis. Secondly, government mandates and incentives for sustainable infrastructure development are pushing adoption across both commercial and government sectors. Thirdly, advancements in software capabilities, including integration with GIS data, hydraulic modeling enhancements, and cloud-based accessibility, are making these tools more efficient and user-friendly. The software segment is expected to be the largest contributor to market revenue due to its scalability and ease of integration into existing workflows. However, the market also faces some challenges. High initial investment costs for software licenses and training can hinder adoption, particularly among smaller firms. Additionally, the complexity of hydrological modeling and the need for specialized expertise can limit widespread use. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook remains positive, with continuous innovation and increasing awareness of the importance of effective stormwater management expected to drive further market expansion. The North American region is projected to hold the largest market share initially, due to strong regulatory frameworks and significant investment in infrastructure projects. However, Asia-Pacific is poised for rapid growth over the forecast period driven by expanding urbanization and infrastructure development initiatives in countries such as China and India. Key players in this market include Bentley Systems, CULTEC, Innovyze, HydroCAD, MWH, IBM, Computational Hydraulics International (CHI), and Hydrology Studio, each contributing to a competitive yet innovative market landscape.

Planning, Engineering & Permitting - Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument Boundary

The BIM Software Market is booming, projected to reach [estimated 2033 value in billions] by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 13.90%. Discover key trends, drivers, and leading companies shaping this dynamic sector. Learn more about market segmentation, regional analysis, and future projections for BIM software adoption. Recent developments include: July 2024 - Esri and Autodesk have deepened their partnership to enhance data interoperability between Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM), with ArcGIS Pro now offering direct-read support for BIM and CAD elements from Autodesk's tools. This collaboration aims to integrate GIS and BIM workflows more seamlessly, potentially transforming how architects, engineers, and construction professionals work with geospatial and design data in the AEC industry., June 2024 - Hexagon, the Swedish technology giant, has acquired Voyansi, a Cordoba-based company specializing in Building Information Modelling (BIM), to enhance its portfolio of BIM solutions. This acquisition not only strengthens Hexagon's position in the global BIM market but also recognizes the talent in Argentina's tech sector, particularly in Córdoba, where Voyansi has been developing design, architecture, and engineering services for global construction markets for the past 15 years., April 2024 - Hyundai Engineering has partnered with Trimble Solution Korea to co-develop a Building Information Modeling (BIM) process management program, aiming to enhance construction site productivity through advanced 3D modeling technology. This collaboration highlights the growing importance of BIM in the construction industry, with the potential to optimize steel structure and precast concrete construction management, shorten project timelines, and reduce costs compared to traditional construction methods.. Key drivers for this market are: Governmental Mandates and International Standards Encouraging BIM Adoption, Boosting Project Performance and Productivity. Potential restraints include: Governmental Mandates and International Standards Encouraging BIM Adoption, Boosting Project Performance and Productivity. Notable trends are: Government Mandates Fueling BIM Growth.